The American Revolution The Rise of Nation
Conflicts with Native Americans Some Allied with Colonists, Others Fought Natives Trusted the smaller French over English
Conflicts Between England and France Both want control over the Americas Queen Anne's War France lost Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay English Burn Spain s St. Augustine Settlement Continue to fight over the Ohio Valley French want trade British want expansion Benjamin Franklin calls upon all colonies except Georgia to Unite Colonists say NO
The French and Indian War George Washington Fort Necessity The French destroy the Fort France and England Go to War Over Ohio Valley Territories Edward Braddock sent from England Does not know how to fight in the Frontier land Quickly Fails Dies in Conflict John Wolfe Captures Quebec (Turning Point) Seven Years War Irrupts in Europe
The Treaty of Paris Ends French and Indian War Britain Gained Canada, French Lands East of the Mississippi River (Except New Orleans) Britain Receives Florida From Spain Spain Was Left the Only Other Dominating Power in America
England Heavy Taxation of the Colonies Helps Pay for French and Indian War Import Many Goods from the Colonies Colonists Could Not Print Their Own Money Harsh Court System (Guilty Until Proven Innocent) Broke British Rights Colonists Have No Representation in Parliament
Committees of Correspondence Samuel Adams and James Otis Rebellion of British Laws on Colonies Boycott of British Goods Stars in Massachusetts and Spreads Quickly
Sugar Act Taxes on Molasses and Sugar First Act to Raise Money for the Colonies Rather Than To Regulate Trade
Stamp Act Bought a Stamp for Paper Goods Legal Documents Licenses Newspapers Pamphlets Playing Cards No Pay = Fine or Jail
Sons Of Liberty Samuel Adams Organizes in Boston Used Violence To Scare Tax Collectors
Repealing the Stamp Act Patrick Henry Speaks to the House of Burgess in Virginia Stamp Act Congress 9 Colonies Meet British Merchants Struggling From Boycott Benjamin Franklin Speaks to Parliament Act is Repealed
Declaratory Act Did Not Like Colonists Rebelling Parliament Declares Colonists Do not Make Laws
The Townshend Acts Taxes on imported glass, lead, paint, paper and tea Paid for Colony Military and Governor s Salaries Tax Collectors had the Right to Search Homes for Smuggled Goods Colonist s React with Boycott
Daughters of Liberty Protests and Boycotts A group of Women supporting the boycott of British Goods Sons of Liberty Attack Houses of Customs Officials British Send Troops to Boston to Stop Rebellion
The Boston Massacre Soldiers and Colonists get into an argument Soldiers Shoot Colonists John Adams and Josiah Quincy Defend Soldiers Found Not Guilty (Self-Defense) Tensions Continue Between Colonists and British
Tea Act Townshend Acts Repealed except Tea East India Trade Company Lowered the Price on Tea to Stop Smuggling and Collect More Taxes Colonists Not Happy
Boston Tea Party Colonists Disguised as Native Americans Sneak onto British Tea Ships Dumped 342 Chests of Tea Into The Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts Result of the Boston Tea Party 1. Boston Harbor Closed Until Tea was Paid For 2. Massachusetts Charter Canceled 3. Royal Officials Accused of Crimes Sent to Britain for A Friendly Trial 4. Quartering Act - Colonists must house and supply British Troops 5. General Thomas Gage Becomes the New Governor of Massachusetts
The First Continental Congress Philadelphia 56 Delegates John Adams and Samuel Adams Georgia Does Not Send a Representative Debate How to React to Events in Boston Patrick Henry = Fight John Dickenson = Make Peace Conclusion = Continue Boycott and Send The Declaration of Rights to King George III
Militia Members Ready to Fight Minutemen Arms Stored in Concord by British Sons of Liberty Learn Britain's Plan and Send Word Paul Revere The British are Coming! William Dawes
The First Shot British Troops Ordered Not to Fire Unless Minutemen Fire First (Lexington) A Shot Rings Out From An Unknown Source Battle Ensues British Marched On (Concord) and Began Burning Buildings Down Believed to Hold Colonist Weaponry Colonists Fight Forcing British Troops Back to Boston
The Second Continental Congress Philadelphia Decided Not To Break from Great Britain Created a Continental Army Led By George Washington Olive Branch Petition King George III rejected Peace Treaty
Fort Ticonderoga Key Waterway in Northern New York Led by Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen Colonists Plan a Surprise Attack and Take the Fort Gain Large Weapon Supply
Battles Spread Boston Under Siege by Minutemen British Try to Take Charlestown (Bunker Hill and Breed s Hill) Colonists Prepared and Ready for Attack Low on Gunpowder Colonists Held Their Own Against British
Washington Comes to Boston Ordered Cannons from Fort Ticonderoga Henry Knox hauls 300 miles in the middle of winter Cannons Fired on British and Force British Out of Boston
Common Sense Thomas Paine Urged A Separation from Britain Written in Common Language to Reach a Wider Audience Sought Independence
Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, Roger Sherman Jefferson = Main Author 1. John Locke (Unalienable Rights) Life, Liberty and The Pursuit of Happiness 2. King George III Has Violated Colonists Rights 3. Colonies Have the Right to Break Away From English Rule Women s Rights Not Protected Slaves Not Recognized (Many Colonies Fought)
Patriots Versus Loyalists Patriots = Agree to Rebellion Fight for Independence Loyalists/Tories = Agree With Britain Flee to Canada for Safety Without British Rule, The Colonies Would Not Succeed
The British Military Strong Navy Well-Trained Men Hired Foreign Soldiers (Mercenaries) Supplies Needed to Be Shipped Across the Ocean Soldiers Volunteered Washington Banned Slaves From the Military
The Colonist Army Poorly-Trained Militia Most Citizens Supported the Revolution and Openly Hindered British Troops Unified Cause = Freedom
The Native Americans Fought in Both Armies British Fought to Form Agreements Patriots Fought to Keep Native Americans Neutral
Women in the War Run Farms and Businesses Raise Money Sew Uniforms for Solders Messengers Nurses Spies Disguised as Men To Fight Molly Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher)
The Fight Moves to Canada British Seek to Make Canada the 14 th Colony Patriots had no cannons Waited for a snowstorm to attack Lost Quickly
New York Howe Seeks Revenge For Boston Takes New York from Washington Takes Abundant Patriot Supplies Washington Thought the War Would End Soon, Let Soldiers Rest After Defeat
Battle of Trenton Christmas Night Crossing the Delaware River Limited Supplies, No Shoes Patriots Victorious Led to Victory at the Battle of Princeton
Battle of Brandywine Creek British Plan to Attack from 2 parts of Canada and New York Colonist Chop Down Large Trees to Block Paths Stop to take Albany, Patriots Lose British Allow Patriots to Escape
Battle of Saratoga British Troops From Canada Late British Troops From New York Severely Outnumbered Patriot s Capture General Burgoyne s Entire Army Boosted Morale and Led to Foreign Support
Foreign Aid France and Spain Secretly Helping Patriots After Battle of Saratoga, Agree to Formerly Help Patriots Benjamin Franklin Arranges an Alliance With France Spain Helped on the Western Front
Valley Forge Soldiers Begin to Die of Cold, Disease, Malnutrition 1/5 Die Troops Get Frustrated Friedrich von Steuben Speaks No English Trains the Patriot Army
The Patriot Military Expands Navy Formed 8 Fighting Ships Try to Attack Ships One By One Attack Supply Ports and Merchant Ships Small But Effective American Raiding Vessels Not Official Navy Allowed to Sell All Captured British Goods
South Carolina Many defeats by The British Some Patriots Flee the South Begin to Use Guerilla Warfare Quick Hit and Run
Benedict Arnold One of the Patriots Most Talented Officers Felt The British Would Reward Him Felt Continental Congress Treated Him Poorly
Battle of Yorktown Washington s Army Surrounded and Outnumbered Cornwallis French Fleet Drove British Navy Out Cornwallis Army Surrenders It s All Over British Prime Minster
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens Took more than 2 years to reach an agreement 1. Independent United States Recognized By Britain 2. Defined Nation s Borders 3. Opened Western Trade The Treaty of Paris
Forming A New Government Influences Magna Carta English Bill Of Rights The Enlightenment (John Locke) Virginia House of Burgess The Great Awakening (Religion) Self- Government (Puritans)
State Constrictions Written During Revolution Republicanism Limited Government Individual Rights Separation of Church and State Suffrage Rights
Articles of Confederation 1. Confederation Congress Formed - Could Make Coins and Borrow Money - Could Negotiate and Make Treaties w/ Other Countries and Native Americans - Could Settle State Conflicts - Could Not Force States to Pay For Troops 2. Each State Has One Vote In Congress 3. No President or Court System
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Created the Northwest Territory Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Created a System for Statehood 60,000 citizens = Opportunity for Statehood Provided Public Education for All Citizens Banned Slavery in Territory
Problems Facing The Early US 1. No Respect -British Slow to Give Up Ports -Spain Ignored America in Trade 2. Weak Army -Articles made it hard to build up Army 3. Trade Cut Off With Britain -British Merchants Selling Cheaper Goods to Colonists 4. States Not Working Together
Shay s Rebellion Farmer s Rebel Against Debt Collection Shut Down Massachusetts Court Courts Threatened Death to Rebels George Washington = Embarrassed Thomas Jefferson = Healthy Rebellion Revealed Weakness of US Government
Annapolis Convention Only 5 States Attend James Madison Alexander Hamilton Discuss The Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Convention Independence Hall in Philadelphia, PA Same building of Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin = Oldest Delegate James Madison = Took Notes George Washington = Elected President of Convention John Adams and Thomas Jefferson = Ambassadors Could Not Attend Patrick Henry = Did Not Support Meeting
The Virginia Plan Written By James Madison Large State Plan Supreme Power to Central Government 3 Branches of Government Legislative 2 Houses (Representation Based on Population of State) Executive Judicial
New Jersey Plan Small State Plan One House Legislature Each State Has Equal Representation Congress Makes All Laws Central Government Can Tax Citizens and Regulate Trade
The Great Compromise 1. Every State Would Have Equal Vote in the Upper House of Legislature 2. Every State Would Have Representation Based on Population in the Lower House of Legislature
The Three-Fifths Compromise How Should Slaves Be Counted? Slave = 3/5 of 1 Person
Foreign Slave Trade Northern States = Want Banned Southern States= Want Maintained Compromise Northerners Wait 20 Years to Make Efforts to End Slave Trade Southerners Give Up 2/3 Vote For Congress to Pass Laws
Popular Sovereignty Political Authority Belongs to The People
Federalism Sharing of Power Between a Central Government and The States 1. Federal Government Can Enforce Laws 2. States Govern Areas Not Specifically Covered By Federal Government -Local Government -Education -Corporation Charters -Civil and Criminal Laws -Citizen Welfare
3 Branches Of Government
Makes Laws 2 Houses Legislative Branch Senate (2 Members Per State) House of Representatives (Based on State Pop.)
Executive Branch President/ Vice President Help Run The Government Makes Sure Laws Are Carried Out
Judicial Branch Interpret Laws and Punish Settle Disputes Between States
Checks and Balances Keep Each Branch From Becoming Too Powerful President (Executive) Can Veto Any Congressional Law Proposed Can Be Overridden with 2/3 Vote in Congress Supreme Court Can Review Laws Passed by Congress Can Strike Down Laws as Unconstitutional Chart pg. 247
Antifederalist Opposed Constitution Too Much Power Given to Central Government No Bill of Rights Included Mostly Small Farmers and Debtors Richard Henry Lee, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry
Federalists Supported Constitution James Madison, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay Good Balance of Power Compromise of Many Political Views Federalist Papers
Constitutional Ratification Only 9 States Required States Held Conventions to Discuss George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere All Supported Ratification Delaware First Rhode Island Last
Bill of Rights The First 10 Amendments 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Bear Arms 3. Solider Quartering 4. Searches and Seizures 5. Right Not To Speak Without Legal Council 6. Speedy Trial 7. Guarantees a Jury Over $20 8. Cruel and Unusual Punishment 9. Privacy 10.Preserves the Authority of States
Federal and State Powers Pg. 221 Chart
Citizenship Born in the United States or US Territory Can Be President or Vice President Parent is a US Citizen Naturalized Citizen Can Lose Citizenship Cannot Be President or Vice President Over 18, Have Lived in US For 5 Years Immigrants Cannot Vote or Hold Public Office Can Be Deported For Committing Crimes Must Be Financially Independent or Have Sponsor Must Prove Law Abiding and Good Moral Character INS Does Background Check Take an Oath of Allegiance in COurt
Chart Pg. 256 Citizenship