The Executive Branch
Cluster Everything you think of or associate with. The President of the United States
Eight Roles of the President 1. Chief of State 2. Chief Executive 3. Chief Administrator 4. Chief Diplomat 5. Commander in Chief 6. Chief Legislator 7. Chief of Party 8. Chief Citizen Ceremonial head of the government Broad executive power domestic/foreign Managing Executive Branch; The Boss Nation s spokesperson/foreign policy Leads nation s armed forces/military arsenal Main architect of public policies Acknowledged leader of the political party in charge the representative of all the people
The President s job description
Formal Qualifications for the President 43 69 The President must be a natural born citizen of the U.S. Lived in the country at least 14 years. The President must be at least 35 years old.
The President s Term The President is elected to a fouryear term. The 22 nd Amendment limits Presidents to two full terms in office. (up to 10 years total)
Who s your favorite president Let s play the game Answer the question sheet to determine the president(s) who fall into your top choice for president
Pay and Benefit$ Retired presidents $191,300.also travel funds and franking privileges. Until 1997, all former presidents, and their families, were protected by the Secret Service until the president's death. The last president to have lifetime Secret Service protection is Bill Clinton; George W. Bush and all subsequent presidents will be protected by the Secret Service for a maximum of ten years after leaving office. [46] The Pre$ident $ $alary- Traditionally, the president is the highest-paid public employee. President Obama currently earns $400,000 per year, along with a $50,000 expense account, a $100,000 nontaxable travel account, and $19,000 for entertainment Presidents receive many fringe benefits, including use of the White House and Camp David, cars, planes, and a yacht.
Presidential selection: The Framer s Plan
Presidential Primaries History- Presidential primaries were first held in early 1900s. Primaries today- Democrats have banned the once common winner-take-all primaries, opting for a system of proportional representation. Democrats 5 Delegates (+ 1 alternate) chosen from the 23 rd District (Gallegly)
The Election
Each State has the same number of electors as they do Congressmen. Electors are chosen by population based on the census.
Flaws in the Electoral College 1. The First Major Defect- Because electoral votes are not distributed in exact proportion to the population, the winner of the popular vote may not win the electoral vote. 2. The Second Major Defect- Electors are not bound by the Constitution or by any Federal law to vote for the candidate favored by the people of their State.
Flaws in the Electoral College 3. The Third Major Defect- Elections may be thrown into the House of Representatives, where voting is State by State.
. The President needs out of Electoral Votes to win the Presidency. What is the lowest number of states a candidate can win, and become president? List the states:
The President s Executive Powers
Executing the Law The President is responsible for carrying out the nation s laws. The President must carry out laws with which he or she disagrees, but he or she has some discretion in interpreting the laws and deciding how vigorously they will be enforced.
The Ordinance Power The President has the authority to issue executive orders, which have the force of law. Executive orders are necessary to the functioning of the executive branch.
Formal Presidential Powers I. Article II, Section II is where powers are found A. Elected by Electoral College B. Chief Executive and Commander in Chief 1. Leader of Federal law enforcement (FBI, ATF, EPA, DEA) 2. These regulatory and enforcement agencies are under his command C. Commander in Chief of armed services (Army, Navy ) D. Pardons, reprieves for crimes against the United States 1. Ford pardoned Nixon after his resignation E. Treaties chief negotiator (with Senate consent) F. Appoints ambassadors, justices, and other officials chief ambassador G. Sign legislation, veto legislation (2/3 to override) 1. 1996 Line Item Veto bill 2. 1998 SC ruled Enhanced rescission unconstitutional 3. No line-item veto
Presidential Pardons Obama Pardon Youtube Back
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Director: Robert S. Mueller
The Power to Make Treaties Usually acting through the secretary of state, the President may negotiate treaties, or international agreements. The Senate must approve treaties by a two-thirds vote before they become law. A small minority of the Senate has sometimes been sufficient to block approval of a treaty. Back
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Presidential Veto 2 for Obama so far Back
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George Bush Supreme Court John Roberts Samuel Alito 2005 (55) 2006 (60) January 27, 1955 April 1, 1950
Obama Supreme Court Justices Sonya Sotomayor 2009 / 56 years old Elena Kagan 2010 50 years old
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Informal Presidential Powers Informal powers are based on precedent, custom and tradition I. Executive Orders II. A. Come from inherent or implied powers B. Allowed by Congress C. Published in Federal Register D. Have the weight of law Executive Privilege A. The right to refuse to appear before court or withhold information B. Nixon and Clinton SC said must deal with national security or operations of government C. Based on separation of powers
Executive Agreements Today, most routine international agreements are made by executive agreement- pacts between the President and the leaders of foreign countries. Executive agreements do not require Senate approval.
Exercising Executive Privilege
Informal Powers Continued III. Head of Executive Office and Agencies A. Cabinet not specifically mentioned in Constitution B. Some agencies report directly to the President Executive Office of the President OMB, National Security Council (Chaired by Pres.), Council of Economic Advisors, Office of Personnel Management (Jobs in gov- non partisan ), Office of US Trade Representative. C. Varying degrees of independence/ability to fire
The Cabinet Many factors, both political and substantive, influence the selection of cabinet officials. Most cabinet members have been white males. A few women and members of minority groups have been cabinet members in this century.
The Appointing Power The President may appoint a handful of officials on his or her own authority. Most of the important officers appointed by the President, including ambassadors, judges, and cabinet members, must be approved by the Senate. Well over half of the officials in the federal work force are selected through civil service examinations, and thus are not under the control of the President.
The Power of Recognition Presidents have the power to recognize, or acknowledge the legal existence of a country. Diplomatic recognition is a powerful weapon because recognition, or the lack of it, often determines a new governments future.
The President s Dominant role in Military Affairs The President shares his war powers with Congress but has almost no limits on his role as Commander in Chief. Presidents usually delegate much of their command authority to military subordinates while retaining final authority in military matters.