The challenges f sampling migrants in develping cuntries: the case f Senegal Audrey Lenël Institut Natinal d Etudes Démgraphiques (Ined) Internatinal Frum n Migratin Statistics (IFMS) OECD, Paris, 15-16th January 2018
A lack f adequate resurces n migratin in develping cuntries (I) Surce: UN DESA 2017, Trends in internatinal migrant stck: the 2017 revisin dcumentatin, POP/DB/MIG/Stck/Rev.2017, Dec.2017
A lack f adequate resurces n migratin in develping cuntries (II) Limited register-based and Census data N infrmatin available: N data cllectin Inadequate registratin systems Prus brders Less plitical interest in certain ppulatins (e.g. immigrants) than in develped cuntries Limited accessibility t existing data(due t less transparency; underresurced/staffed statistics institutes) Survey data Lack f sampling frames Resurces fr undertaking large-scale surveys
Senegal: review f existing data n internatinal migratin Surveys 1982 OECD-CILSS survey n internatinal migratin in the Senegal Valley 1993 EMUS Survey (Enquête sur les migratins et l'urbanisatin au Sénégal), part f the REMUAO surveys 1997-98 DEmIS survey (Déterminants de l émigratin au Sénégal) 2008 MAFE survey (Migratins between Africa and Eurpe) (multisited; Dakar regin in SEN) EPSF 2006-7 & 2010-11 (enquête Pauvreté et Structure Familiale) Censuses: Recensement Général de la Ppulatin et de l'habitat du Sénégal (RGPH) RGPH 1955, 1976, 1988 nly internal migratin and immigratin RGPH-III, 2002: intr f a mdule n emigratin ver the past 5 years RGPH-IV, 2013: Rich infrmatin n immigratin, emigratin and return migratin
Migratin in the 2013 Senegalese Census Residence criteria (RGPHAE, 2013) : Resident : residing in the husehld fr at least 6 mnths r intending t d s. Change f residency : Mving and residing abrad fr a perid f at least 6 mnths, r intending t d s.
2013 Senegal RGPHAE: Emigratin Mdule D: Emigratin ver the past 5 years (i.e. since 2008) Var. abut emigrants: - Sex - Relatinship t HH - Date f departure (Mnth & year) - Age at departure - Level f educatin at departure - Occupatin at departure (fr 6+ year ld resp.) - Cuntry f destinatin - Reasn fr migrating (wrk, study, marriage, health, family, ther) Database: 157 000 bs. (c.1,2% f the resident ppulatin)
2013 Senegal RGPHAE: Immigratin Var. t identify immigrants: - Place f residence at time f survey (nt visiting) - Place f birth (B09) cuntry s name if abrad - Natinality (B16) cuntry s name 2 pssible definitins f immigrants: «brn abrad» OR «brn abrad & freign natinality» Database: c. 273 000 bs. (defined as persns brn abrad) (c. 2% f the resident ppulatin)
2013 Senegal RGPHAE: Return migratin + Defintin f return migrant in RGPHAE 2013: «Any persn wh returned t Sénégal, his/her cuntry f birth, after having resided abrad (fr an unspecified length f time) and wh has resided r intend t reside in Senegal fr at least 6 mnths. - Place f birth (B09) - Place f residence at time f survey (nt visiting) - Place f residence 10 years ag (and name f cuntry if abrad) (B12) - Place f residence 5 years ag (and name f cuntry if abrad) (B13) + reasn fr mving if different frm current place f residence - Place f residence 1 years ag (and name f cuntry if abrad) (B15) Database: 75 000 bs. (c. 0,56% f the resident ppulatin)
Limitatins f 2013 RGPHAE data fr sampling migrants Limitatins regarding the variables t identify migrants Emigratin - Only thse wh have left in the past 5 years (bias twards recent migratin) - N infrmatin available when a whle husehld has left Immigratin - Wh s included, wh s nt: uncertainty abut hw questins abut place f birth and natinality are answered - N infrmatin abut year f immigratin Return migratin - Only «snapsht» infrmatin abut place f residence 1, 5 and 10 years ag, but n infrmatin abut inter-census migratins largely undersestimate return migratin - N infrmatin abut repeated migratins - N infrmatin abut time spent abrad Limitatins re. data availability and preparedness Access can be difficult Data nt always ready fr disseminatin (e.g. «ther cuntry» cat., unfinished cding, lacking supprt dcuments) Unit fr which data are available nt necessarily small enugh t be used t design a sampling frame (e.g. CA/CR level in Sen rather than district (DR) level) Very small samples when lking at specific destinatin cuntries (e.g. France r Spain)
Using Census data t infrm sampling f return migrants: the TEMPER Survey 3-level sampling Census data infrming selectin f 1 st and 2 nd levels First level: selectin f 9 departements in 4 regins (Dakar, Thiès, Diurbel and Luga), based n Census inf re. the prprtin f inhabitants and migratry flws Secnd level: randm selectin f primary sampling units (PSU) (CA/CR, eq. twns) frm a list based n prprtin f inhabitants + checking presence f return migrants frm France r Spain (30 itws per PSU, incl. 15 RM and 15 NM)
Recmmendatins Encuraging inclusin f migratin variables in Census and large-scale internatinal survey prgrammes (e.g. DHS) Supprting natinal statistics institutes t imprve the scpe f analysis f the data cllected and data sharing fr academic purpses Imprving accessibility f Census data available thrugh IPUMS and the infrmatin available frm them (e.g. cuntry r regins f destinatins rather than abrad )