The Antebellum Era ( ): The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy Part 1

The Antebellum Era (1781-1860): The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy Part 1

B. Building a Nation (Colonization-ca. 1877) 1. Colonization and Forging a Nation K. Identify and evaluate the political and territorial changes resulting from westward expansion of the United States in the early nineteenth century L. Analyze and evaluate federal and state policies toward American Indians in the first half of the nineteenth century M. Evaluate, take, and defend positions on the development of U.S. foreign policy during the early nineteenth century (e.g., Embargo Act, Monroe Doctrine)

The USA Develops Contrasting Regions -During this era, the North was becoming industrialized while the South remained agrarian. -The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1700s and gradually spread to the Americas. -This led to the rise of factories and mass produced products in the USA.

Inventions Change America -In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin, which removed seeds from cotton. -This made cotton production faster and increased slavery in the South. -From 1790 to 1820, slavery grew from 700,000 slaves to 1.5 million slaves. It was clear the North and South were becoming vastly different in their culture and practice of slavery.

Before the Cotton Gin, cotton seeds would be picked out by hand. Afterward, this machine could do it. This radically increased cotton production and the use of slaves in the South.

A depiction of the use of the Cotton Gin. This machine made cotton production faster and increased the use of slavery in the South.

A Growing Federal Government -A plan called the American System was led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and James Madison. -The plan called for tariffs (taxes on foreign products), reviving the national bank, and increasing transportation infrastructure in the USA. -In 1816, The Second Bank of the USA was opened.

Slavery Causes Tension -In relation to slavery, the Missouri Compromise came about in 1820. -Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state. -Many in the North felt this would give too much power to the South in Congress.

The Missouri Compromise -For a compromise, Maine was added as a free state to bring balance to the Legislative Branch, meaning the North and South would have similar influence in Congress. -The compromise stated that all future states above 36 30 would be free and states below this region could be slave states. -Henry Clay of Kentucky had a great role in the compromise.

Henry Clay, a native of Kentucky, helped developed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

Map of the Missouri Compromise

The Monroe Doctrine -In 1823, President James Monroe stated his intention that, as President, he would assert the power of the USA to have a dominant leadership role in the Western Hemisphere. -Monroe warned this would require the USA to pursue intervention in such matters, including the possibility of military action. -Monroe stated that future efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with nations in North or South America would be viewed as acts of hostility.

The Monroe Doctrine stated the USA would get involved if the nation believed European powers were trying to colonize or interfere with nations in the Western Hemisphere.

The Election of 1824 Candidate Electoral College Votes Andrew Jackson 99 John Quincy Adams 74 Henry Clay 27 William Harris Crawford 24

The Rise of Andrew Jackson -In 1824, the election was too close to call and the House of Representatives chose the victor. Henry Clay, a candidate, forfeited his Electoral College votes to John Quincy Adams. -Andrew Jackson called this the corrupt bargain and used it to support his Presidential campaign in 1828. -In 1828, Andrew Jackson, a veteran of the War of 1812, was elected President.

After the so called corrupt bargain in 1824, John Quincy Adams was awarded the votes that originally went to Henry Clay and defeated Andrew Jackson. Yet, Jackson would win the Election of 1828.

The Corrupt Bargain was used as a campaign talking point in the Election of 1828 in which Jackson was able to win the presidency.

The End