Today s Lesson A note from me to you I apologize for not being with you today. I have tried to make this a PowerPoint that is easy to follow and one from which you can learn. During the presentation, you will see notations telling you to add certain things to your notebooks. On some slides, I have referenced or named page numbers in your notebooks. Do not get wrapped up in the page numbers! Just follow along in your notebooks and record the required information. Be sure you read and study the PowerPoint thoroughly. I am counting on each of you to take responsibility for your learning. Should you come across any questions or problems, or simply do not understand something, make a note of it or email me and I can help you.
Today s lesson continued The following slides (3-16) review the Industrial Revolution. Slides 17-26 review Imperialism. From slide 27 until the end, it is all World War I and the Russian Revolution. When you get to World War I, take notes on the essential questions (slide 28). You will want to write down the essential questions and the answers. Place both questions and answers on the page in your notebook where you wrote the causes of the war (the Powder Keg picture or what we did yesterday). Continue onto the next page in your notebook if necessary.
Industrialization through the Rise of Dictators
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Beginnings of a Technological Revolution The Enclosure Movement Wealthy landowners bought farmland from the poorer landowners. After buying up the land of village farmers, the wealthy landowners enclosed their lands with fencing. They then used the latest farming inventions and innovations to grow more crops. Smaller landowners could not compete. Small famers were forced to either become tenant farmers or to move to the cities in search of jobs.
The Industrial Revolution An increase in food supply and living conditions led to an increase in population. As the population increased so did the demand for more food and goods. Farmers who had lost their lands because of the enclosure movement moved to the cities in search of jobs. They became factories workers as England began it s Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England because of its ample natural resources like coal and iron ore and the invention o f the steam engine. The ideas and innovations of the Industrial Revolution would eventually spread throughout Western Europe and to the United States. What generalizations can you make from this map?
During the IR, England saw a growth in the textile, iron, and steel industries. As more goods became produced in factories, fewer goods were produced in the home (cottage industries) As Industrial powers continued to grow, they sought to control raw materials and markets through the world. What might be the consequence of this search for raw materials and markets?
Technological advance of the IR James Watt: Steam Engine James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny
Technological Advances of the IR Henry Bessemer: The Bessemer Process- a more efficient method for making steel Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin
Advances in Science and Medicine Edward Jenner Developed smallpox vaccination Louis Pasteur s discovery that microorganisms cause disease ushered medicine and food preservation into the 20 th century.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution Population Increase Increased standard of living for many, but not all Improved transportation Urbanization-the growth of cities Increased Education Growth of the middle class Environmental pollution Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions
The nature of work in the factory system Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wages Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits high Owners of mines and factories who exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers
Labor Unions encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions Wanted workers rights and collective bargaining between labor and management Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children
Social Effects of the IR Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor Introduction of reforms to end child labor Expansion of education Women s increased demands for suffrage Impact of the IR on Slavery The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantations. The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery itself.
Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution. Wealth increased the standard of living for some. Social dislocations associated with capitalism produced a range of economic and political ideas, including socialism and communism.
Economic Systems Capitalism Adam Smith s The Wealth of Nations Role of market competition and entrepreneurial abilities Impact of the standard of living and the growth of the middle class Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and unequal distribution of wealth in society Socialism and Communism Karl Marx s The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Das Kapital Response to the injustices of Capitalism Importance to communists of redistribution of wealth
IMPERIALISM
Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. These nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. Imperialism spread the economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world.
Forms of Imperialism Colonies Protectorates Spheres of influence
Spheres of Influence Countries control cities/trade China is carved up into spheres
Imperialism around the World
Notes for Imperialism Map 1. China Europeans created spheres of influences Boxer Rebellion-Boxers wanted Europeans out of their country Europeans win 2. Japan Japan had practiced a policy of isolationism Commodore Perry of the U.S. opens Japan to trade Japan will industrialize and become powerful 3. Egypt (Suez Canal) French built the Suez Canal in Egypt Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea Egypt becomes a protectorate of Britain 4. India East India Company dominated India Britain takes over India (colony) Indian nationalism begins Indian National Congress 5. Russo-Japanese War- 1905 Russia and Japan want Korea and Manchuria (China) Japan wins 6. Vietnam/Cambodia French colony (called Indochina)
Boxer Rebellion A group of Boxers attacking Chinese Christians Society of Harmonious Fist Violent resistance to foreign influence
The Boxer Rebellion: assassination of the German ambassador
Nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. What might be the result of this competition?
WORLD WAR I 1914-1918 World War I (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life, wrecked the economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for a second world war.
Remember. Industrialization Imperialism World War I
The Essential Questions These are the questions you will want to add to your notes. Write down the questions and the answers. Add these questions to the bottom of the powder keg picture and continue onto page 49 if necessary. 1. What were the factors (or causes) that produced World War I? 2. What were the major events of the war? 3. Who were the major leaders? 4. What were the outcomes and global effects of World War I? 5. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Causes of World War I Make sure you can EXPLAIN these causes.. Alliances Divided Europe See map in your notes. Think about the problems caused by alliances. Militarism Nationalism World War I Recall the spheres of influence map and the scramble for Africa Map. Competition Over colonies Diplomatic failures Meaning? Imperialism
1. 2. Can you identify all of 3. these countries? Do you 4. remember which ones 5. make up the Central 6. powers and which ones 7. make up the Allied 8. Powers? 9.
World War I During World War I, the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Turks, and Bulgaria) faced enemies on both sides of their borders-france to the west, and Russia to the east. France, Russia, Great Britain, and Italy in 1915 were the Allied Powers. Fighting concentrated in these border areas, which became known as the Western Front and the Eastern Front. Germany s strategy, the Schlieffen Plan, was first to attack France through neutral Belgium, before Russia on the Eastern Front had a chance to gather its forces.
Events of World War I Assassination Franz Ferdinand A-H 1914 The spark that ignited or started the war. It was an early example of nationalism and terrorism. Events U.S. enters WWI Helps Allies win 1917 Note the date; 1917 is three years after the war started. Officially, the United States was neutral until 1917. By June, 1918, 250,00 U.S. troops were arriving in France a month. The U.S. also provided food and over $7 billion in loans to the allied governments. Russia leaves WWI Revolution! 1917 See more on the next slide
1917-The Russian Revolution By spring 1917, civil unrest in Russia had brought the czar s government to the brink of collapse. Faced with the prospect of revolution, Czar Nicholas abdicated his throne on March 15. In November, 1917, the Communists seized power and insisted on ending Russia s involvement in the war. In March 1918, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended the war between them. As a result, Germany was able to send nearly all of its forces to the Western Front and launch a massive attack on the Allies in France. Czar Nicholas II Taken from Holt McDougal s Virginia Standards Review and Practice, Grade 10
Leaders of World War I Woodrow Wilson-United States Kaiser Wilhelm II-Germany
Reviewing the Causes and Effects of World War I, The Great War Effects Colonies participation in the war, which increased demands for independence End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian Empires Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption
The Treaty of Versailles 1. Blamed Germany for the war and placed harsh penalties upon the country. Why would Germany be blamed for the war? Why would the victorious nations impose the following conditions on Germany? Forced Germany to accept responsibility for war and loss of territory and to pay reparations Limited the German military 2. Creation of a League of Nations
Be able to label each of these countries and mandates! Also, you need to be able to recognize the differences between the map prior to WWI and this one.
Mandate System British: Palestine and Jordan French: Syria and Lebanon What does this mandate system sound like? What problems might be caused by it? During World War I, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves. After the war, the mandate system gave Great Britain and France control over the lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled). This was supposed to be temporary arrangement. However, it planted the seeds for future wars in the Middle East.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Essential Questions (add to page 50/51): 1. Why did Russia erupt in revolution while fighting in World War I? 2. How did communism rise in Russia? 3. What was life like under Joseph Stalin?
Copy this chart into your notebook. Add to page 50 or 51.
Fill in the information for the French Revolution. Quiz yourself and see how much you remember before you move ahead to the see the answers.
The Russian Revolution Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar. Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R. Causes of the Russian Revolution 1. Defeat in the 1905 war with Japan 2. Landless peasantry 3. Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II 4. Military defeats and High causalities in World War I. Want an easy way to remember these causes?
The Russian Revolution put the Czar in J.A.I.L. J: Japan humiliates Russia in the Russo-Japanese War A: A lot of military losses in World War I I: Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II L:Landless Peasants wanted land
Bolshevik Revolution Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin take over the Russian government. Later, the Bolsheviks will become the Communist Party. Quickly gain control of Petrograd and other cities Peace, Land, and Bread November 1917 seized the winter palace and arrested the government Ordered all farm land to be distributed to peasants Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Took Russia out of World War I
Lenin assumes control; the NEP New Economic Policy New Economic Policy Version of capitalism Small factories, farms, and business can be privately owned Buying and selling of goods Government controls major industries, banks, and communication
Lenin s Government Organized Russia into several republics Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) Moscow to control all republics Communist Party He created a dictatorship of the Communist party not the proletariat Lenin died in 1924-Joseph Stalin then took control of the Communist Party in Russia. Stalin focused on transforming Russia into a totalitarian state.
Are you noticing the similarities between these two revolutions? I hope so! Me
The Entrenchment of Communism Joseph Stalin, Lenin s successor Not me
Life under Stalin s Rule Command economy in which the government made all the economic decisions 5 Year Plans Forced the Soviet Union to industrialize Increased output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity Limited production of consumer goods such as housing, food, clothing, and other necessary goods
Another Stalin Policy Collectivization Collective Farms Seized all small private farms and put them in large government owned farms 5-10 million peasants die during collectivization
Secret Police Life under totalitarianism Monitored mail, telephone, and planted informants Great Purge; Stalin eliminated anyone who threatened his power Estimated 8-13 million killed
Understand it? Can you answer the essential questions? What questions do you have about World War I? The Russian Revolution? Email me any questions or problems you have understanding this material.