The Age of Jackson 1820-1840 A New Kind of Politics
Election of 1824 J.Q.Adams became President in 1824. Election called the Corrupt Bargain All 4 candidates were Democratic Republicans No majority, but Jackson won most of the votes Decided in the House of Representatives. Speaker of the House Clay supported Adams Adams won, Clay became Secretary of State.
John Q. Adams wanted the govt. to pay for better transportation, a university, and other internal improvements. How would you pay for this if you were President? Tariff of Abominations in 1828. Adams signed the high tariff to protect American Industry. South was furious.. Little Magician Van Buren led opposition to Adams
Election of 1828 J.Q.Adams lost the election in a bitter campaign. Jackson won! Corruption begins, tariff of Abominations,
Politics of Jackson 7 th President of the U.S. Let the People Rule = Jacksonian Democracy 1. Nicknamed Old Hickory 2. Military Hero New Orleans 3. Indian Fighter Florida 4. No Formal education OK 5. First President from the West *Began Democratic Party of Today *Spoils System rewarded supporters with jobs.
Comparisons Clinton Common man at inauguration Spoils system Common man in cabinet Veto of bills he did not like Jackson Common people at inauguration Spoils system Common man in cabinet Veto of bills he does not like
Federal Law vs. States Rights High Tariffs vs. Nullification 1. Congress had passed Tariff of Abominations and Tariff of 1832. 2. Calhoun resigned as Vice President. Why? Only other VP to resign was Spiro Agnew. 3. S. Carolina passed Nullification Act declaring tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional. 4. Jackson got Congress to pass the Force Act which allowed him to use the army to enforce Federal Law. 5. Henry Clay proposed a compromise bill it lowered the tariff over a 10 year period so the crisis eased.
Doctrine of Nullification If a law favors one section of the country at the expense of another, The state that is hurt has the right to declare that law null and void within that state. This is another way of saying States Rights.
Threat of Secession South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the Union Jackson s reply - To say that any state may at pleasure secede from the Union is to say that the United States is not a nation. Henry Clay - offered compromise to lower the tariff & prevent secession.
Indian REmoval
Native Americans in the Southeast Constantly pushed off land 1800 s- Whites hope Native Americans would adapt to their lifestyle or move Why? 1820 s- 100,000 Native Americans were still east of Mississippi River
Five Major Tribes Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Called 5 Civilized Tribes Lived in Georgia, the Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
The Peace Ends A. Gold was discovered in Georgia B. Settlers and miners wanted the land more than ever C. Demands for Cherokees to be removed increased D. Federal government responded with a plan to move ALL Native Americans from the Southeast
Jackson s History A. First dealt with tribes in Southeast after War of 1812. B. He was an Indian treaty commissioner. C. Federal government ordered him to make treaties with the tribes D. Treaties favored the U.S. E. U.S. gained large tracts of land
Jackson s Opinions A. He considered the Native Americans to be conquered people 1. this gave federal government the right to regulate where Native Americans lived B. Thought Native Americans had 2 choices: 1. Move 2. Adapt and become citizens C. Cherokees could not have a government within the United States D. Jackson supported states that passed laws allowing people to kick Native Americans off land Georgia seized Cherokee Land so the Indians sued in Supreme Court. (Worcester Vs. Georgia) Supreme Court upheld the right of the Cherokees to keep their land
Congress Action A. Jackson wanted federal government to pass law that gave 2 choices: 1. Either move 2. Adapt B. Many people protested Jackson s ideas 1. Edward Everett 2. Quakers C. Jackson had them kicked off anyway when Congress passed Indian Removal Act in 1830 Trail of Tears Cherokees forced to march to OK ¼ died. D. Jackson said this was just and liberal because it allowed Native Americans to keep their way of life
Trail of Tears 16,000 Native Americans forced to walk from east to Indian Territory. Nothing but clothes on back Many got sick and weak ¼ died= 4,000 people
Political Practices under Jackson Spoils System rewarding supporters and punishing opponents