US History, October 23 Entry Task: Please take out your notes from yesterday and turn to p. 185. Announcements: Pass around Spirit Day check 3rd period only missing 13 letters keep turning those in!!! Today, we will work on the 1796 CAMPAIGN POSTER Assignment turn in today or at the latest on Tuesday! Grades are being updated please only check when Chilson gives ok 3rd period FYI - new seating chart on Monday.
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US History, October 26 Entry Task: Take out a piece of paper and copy the organizer on the board (Jay s Treaty, etc.) Announcements: Have you turned in your LETTER??? Due tomorrow: 1796 CAMPAIGN POSTER Assignment (if we have time left you can finish) 3rd period FYI - new seating chart today.
Farewell Address of GW Newspapers were increasingly critical of GW during the last two years in office He refused to run for a 3rd term
Washington s Farewell Address Praises the benefits of the federal government. "The unity of government...is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence... of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize." Warns against political parties. The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension is itself a frightful despotism, On stable public credit. "...cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible...avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt...it is essential that you...bear in mind, that towards the payments of debts there must be Revenue, that to have Revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not...inconvenient and unpleasant..." Warns against permanent foreign alliances. "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."
John Adams Stubborn; independent Federalist at odds w/ Hamilton America: Growing West (KY 1792 & TN 1796) Political participation: property-owning only
John Adams Background Became a prominent lawyer in Boston Defended soldiers in Boston Massacre 1776 appointed to prepare the Declaration of Independence Adams served on 90 committees (more than any other Congressmen) Oversaw the operations of Continental Army during the War + helped get French support Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris 1785 First US Minister to England 1788-1796 George Washington s Vice President
John Adams as Vice President To Abigail Adams, "My country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived."
Smear Campaign: John Adams Favor monarchism Conspiracy to establish a family dynasty Anglophile favored Great Britain Aristocrats, unfriendly to Within Adams own political party, Alexander Hamilton preferred Thomas Pinckney Supporters of Adams: Merchants, creditors (bankers) Jefferson's camp accused President Adams of having a "hideous hermaphroditical character, which has neither the force and firmness of a man, nor the gentleness and sensibility of a woman."
Thomas Jefferson Scientist, Farmer, Reluctant Statesman Organized the DemocraticRepublican Party Deist separation of church & state Champion for the Common Man Often listed as a Top 5 of greatest Presidents
Thomas Jefferson s Background Primary author of the Declaration of Independence Served in Virginia s Congress during Revolution Served 2 years as governor of Virginia during Revolution; had to flee his home Served as Representative to Confederation Congress helped to figure out how to organize western lands 1785-89, Served as America s minister to France Secretary of State for George Washington
Smear Campaign: Thomas Jefferson His courage was questioned during the Revolution Charged as an atheist Francophile favored France (dangerous RADICALS!!! Associated with Jacobins) Adams' men called Vice President Jefferson "a mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half-breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father."
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson Former vice-president John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1796
1796 Election Results (16 States in the Union) John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4% Thomas Jefferson Virginia DemocraticRepublican 68 49.3% Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8% Aaron Burr New York DemocraticRepublican 30 21.7% Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9% Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0% George Clinton New York DemocraticRepublican 7 5.1% Other - - 15 10.9% Total Number of Electors 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast 276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70
Amendment 12 (1804) Changes Presidential Elections The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for the President and Vice President they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted as Vice-President
th Last Hours 50 Anniversary of Independence Adams, 91 years old July 4, 1826, he whispered his last words: "Thomas Jefferson survives. Jefferson, 84 years old July 4, 1826 died at Monticello a few hours earlier
Book p. 194-195 Jay s Treaty with Great Britain XYZ Affair Alien Act & Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Adams: Domestic & Foreign Policy US & Britain: Jay s Treaty leads to suspicion by the French (XYZ Affair) Anti-French sentiment leads to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 The Alien and Sedition Acts cause Thomas Jefferson & James Madison to secretly write state resolutions for Virginia & Kentucky against the Alien & Sedition Acts
Jay s Treaty British held forts in NW Territory John Jay (Chief Justice of Supreme Court) will negotiate a treaty with Britain: British will evacuate forts but CAN continue the fur trade
XYZ Affair The war between England & France caused Adams problems: France was mad that we did not ally with them to fight England & started to seize merchant ships Adams sent diplomats to France but 3 unnamed French officials ( X, Y, Z ) demand bribes Many thought the XYZ Affair was reason to go to war with France, but Adams kept his cool
The Alien and Sedition Acts Adams handling of the conflict with France led to criticisms from the DemocraticRepublicans The Federalists in Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts: Made it a crime to criticize the president or gov t leaders The President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable This attack on free speech backfired & badly damaged the Federalist Party & Adams
What were some arguments about the Sedition Act? In Support Against
Alien and Sedition Acts Thomas Jefferson, leader of the Democratic-Republicans, predicted that the act unless arrested at the threshold, [will] necessarily drive these States into revolution and blood.
In November 1798, David Brown led a group in Dedham, Massachusetts in setting up a liberty pole with the words, "No Stamp Act, No Sedition Act, No Alien Bills, No Land Tax, downfall to the Tyrants of America; peace and retirement to the President; Long Live the Vice President". $4,000 bail - asked to name others (refused) - fined $480 and sentenced to 18 months Benjamin Franklin Bache was editor of the Aurora, a Democratic-Republican newspaper. Bache had accused George Washington of incompetence and financial irregularities, and "the blind, bald, crippled, toothless, querulous ADAMS" of nepotism and monarchical ambition Died of yellow fever before the trial HERRING SEDITION INDICTMENT 1798 Mr. Herring did allegedly utter and publish papers defaming the character of President John Adams. The accused was overheard saying damn the President and calling the president an enemy of the government. The only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers.
THINK ABOUT Was the Anti-French sentiment enough of a concern to eliminate freedom of speech, press, and protest? Should the US have rights to silent protesters during time of war?
Virginia & Kentucky Resolves Jefferson & James Madison were outraged & wrote the Virginia & Kentucky Resolves in 1798-99: Presented a states rights argument (called the PRINCIPLES of 98 ) suggesting that states could ignore (nullify) national laws that they viewed as unfair The states rights & nullification arguments will be used by the North against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and the South to secede from the USA during the Civil War in 1860-61 Also used by S.Carolina in 1832 about tariffs which favored the North
The Revolution of 1800 By 1800, President Adams & the Federalist Party were wounded: Jefferson defeated Adams for the presidency beginning nearly 30 years of dominance by the Democratic-Republicans This election marked the first time power was transferred from one party to another