To the Student What is a settlement? In which capital is the Capitol? What are goods and services? Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in social studies. The lessons in this book are about social studies topics you will be studying this year. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the social studies topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to write an eyewitness account, a narrative, a comparison, a description, or a letter. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary defines each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other social studies words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Social Studies Vocabulary on pages 94 98. Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand new words. ISBN 978-0-7609-4490-5 2008 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents Lesson 1: What Is a Community?...................... 4 Lesson 2: Communities and Geography................. 10 Lesson 3: Native American Communities of Long Ago....... 16 Lesson 4: Spanish Communities of Long Ago............. 22 Lesson 5: English Communities of Long Ago.............. 28 Lesson 6: Moving West............................ 34 Lesson 7: Immigrants.............................. 40 Lesson 8: Citizenship.............................. 46 Lesson 9: Communities and Government................ 52 Lesson 10: Our Nation s Government................... 58 Lesson 11: Money and Work......................... 64 Lesson 12: Producing Goods......................... 70 Lesson 13: Culture and Community................... 76 Lesson 14: Holidays............................... 82 Lesson 15: People Make a Difference................... 88 My Social Studies Vocabulary........................ 94 Root Words..................................... 99 Prefixes and Suffixes............................. 100 Glossary...................................... 101
LESSON 10 nation monument Constitution legislative branch Capitol executive branch president treaty judicial branch judge How is our government set up? How does it work? Where does it meet? Read the selection to learn the answer to these questions about our country s government and more. Our Nation s Government The Nation s Capital A nation is a country with its own government. Our nation is the United States of America. Washington, D.C., is the capital of our nation. It s the city where the people in the United States government work. Washington, D.C., has many monuments. A monument is a building or statue. It helps people remember an important person or event. The Washington Monument is famous. It reminds people that George The Washington Monument stands over 555 feet tall. Washington was a great first president. The Constitution Our government is based on a plan. The first leaders of our nation wrote the plan. They called it the Constitution. It sets down our most important laws. It states our rights and freedoms. And it lays out the three parts, or branches, of our government. Each branch has its The Constitution was written over 200 years ago. own powers. 58 Our Nation s Government
Legislative Branch The legislative branch makes our laws. Leaders from each state serve in this branch. They are called Congress. The building where they meet is the Capitol. Executive Branch The executive branch carries out our laws. The president is the head of this branch. He is also the head of the armed forces, such as the army or navy. The president can make treaties. A treaty is an agreement between two or more countries. Judicial Branch The judicial branch explains our laws. It decides if laws have been broken. It makes sure that our laws agree with the Constitution. A system of courts makes up this branch. A judge is a person in charge of a court. The highest court is the Supreme Court. It has nine judges. The United States Government Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch (makes laws) (carries out laws) (explains laws) Congress President The Courts My Social Studies Vocabulary Go to page 97 to list other words you have learned about our nation s government. Our Nation s Government 59
nation monument Constitution legislative branch Capitol executive branch president treaty judicial branch judge A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word. 1. a building or statue that helps people remember an important person or event 2. the written plan on which the nation s government is based 3. the head of the executive branch of government 4. the branch of government that makes laws 5. the building where the legislative branch meets 6. the branch of government that carries out laws 7. a country with its own government 8. an agreement between two or more countries 9. the branch of government that explains laws 10. a person in charge of a court 60 Our Nation s Government
nation monument Constitution legislative branch Capitol executive branch president treaty judicial branch judge B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence. judicial branch judge executive branch president 1. A runs a court in the of our government. Capitol monument legislative branch judge 2. The meets in the. president treaty Constitution monument 3. In Washington, D.C., there is a tall that reminds people of our first. Capitol president nation Constitution 4. The first leaders of our wrote the. executive branch nation judicial branch treaty 5. The head of the can make a with another country. WORD ROOT Constitution comes from the Latin word constituere, which means to fix or establish. Our Nation s Government 61
nation monument Constitution legislative branch Capitol executive branch president treaty judicial branch judge C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence. 1. In a court, a decides if a law has been broken. 2. If you want to learn more about the plan for our government, you should study the. 3. Leaders from every state meet in the to make the laws of our country. 4. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the of our government. 5. When two countries agree on something, they might sign a. 6. The United States is a made up of fifty states. 7. The president heads the of our government. 8. The nation s capital has a that was built in honor of George Washington. 9. Congress makes up the of our government. 10. In our country, the head of the armed forces is the. 62 Our Nation s Government
nation monument Constitution legislative branch Capitol executive branch president treaty judicial branch judge D. Use each pair of words in a sentence. 1. legislative branch, Capitol 2. judicial branch, judge 3. nation, monument 4. treaty, president 5. Constitution, executive branch Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. Imagine that you have a friend from another country. Describe our government to your friend. Our Nation s Government 63
Passwords Social Studies Vocabulary United States History: Beginnings to the Present
To the Student What is a monopoly? What is the difference between an import and an export? What does an abolitionist believe? Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in Social Studies. Each lesson in this book is about a different topic in United States history. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to write an eyewitness account, a narrative, an informational article, or a description. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary defines each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other new words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Social Studies Vocabulary on pages 94 98. Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand new words. ISBN 978-0-7609-4492-9 2008 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents Lesson 1: The First Americans........................ 4 Lesson 2: European Explorers....................... 10 Lesson 3: The 13 Colonies.......................... 16 Lesson 4: The War for Independence................... 22 Lesson 5: The New Nation and the Constitution........... 28 Lesson 6: Settling the West......................... 34 Lesson 7: The Road to War......................... 40 Lesson 8: The Civil War and Reconstruction.............. 46 Lesson 9: Cities and Industry........................ 52 Lesson 10: Becoming a World Power.................... 58 Lesson 11: World War I............................ 64 Lesson 12: The Roaring 20s and the Great Depression........ 70 Lesson 13: World War II............................ 76 Lesson 14: The United States After World War II............ 82 Lesson 15: Modern Times.......................... 88 My Social Studies Vocabulary.......................... 94 Root Words..................................... 99 Prefixes and Suffixes.............................. 100 Glossary...................................... 101
LESSON 5 confederation compromise representative democracy rights convention legislature constitution ratify amendment How would you create a new form of government, one that no other country had? Read this selection to find out how the United States government was created. The New Nation and the Constitution The Articles of Confederation The revolution was over. It was time to set up a government for the United States. In 1781, the Articles of Confederation set up the new government. A confederation is a group of independent states that work together. The first national government was weak. It had no leader or president. There were no courts to rule over all the states. Writing the Constitution In May 1787, the Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia. A convention is a meeting for a particular purpose. States with many people thought they should have more power. States with fewer people wanted equal power. A compromise was made. In a compromise, each side gives up something to reach an agreement. The Great Compromise Plan A The legislature has two houses. The number of representatives is based on population. Plan B The legislature has one house. Each state has the same number of representatives. The legislature has two houses. In one house, the number of representatives is based on state population. In the other house, each state has the same number of representatives. 28 The New Nation and the Constitution
In the Great Compromise, the legislature, the branch of government that makes laws, has two parts. Each part is called a house. In one house, the number of representatives is based on the number of people in the state. In the other house, each state has the same number of representatives. A representative is a person chosen to act or speak for others. The Constitution Becomes Law The Constitutional Convention created the United States Constitution. A constitution is a legal paper that describes how a government works. The Constitution outlined a system of government run by the people who live under it. It is known as a democracy. In 1788, people voted to ratify the Constitution, or make it into law. The next year, George Washington was elected as the first President of the United States. George Washington was the leader of the Constitutional Convention. The Bill of Rights Soon, it became clear that the Constitution had a flaw. It did not protect people s basic rights. Rights are freedoms owed to the people. Rights include freedom to say or write what one thinks. Freedom of religion is also a right. A fair trial is a right too. Ten amendments were added to the Constitution. Each amendment, or change, protects our rights. These ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights. My Social Studies Vocabulary Go to page 95 to list other words you have learned about the new nation and the Constitution. The New Nation and the Constitution 29
confederation compromise representative democracy rights convention legislature constitution ratify amendment A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word. 1. a change 2. a legal paper that describes how a government works 3. a group of independent states working together 4. an agreement in which each side gets part of what it wants 5. personal freedoms that people say are owed to them 6. a meeting that has a purpose 7. to make something into law 8. a branch of government with the power to make laws 9. a person chosen to act or speak for others 10. a form of government that gets its power from the people 30 The New Nation and the Constitution
confederation compromise representative democracy rights convention legislature constitution ratify amendment B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence. amendment legislature confederation rights 1. If you want to know all of your, you must read the that describes each of them. constitution confederation legislature democracy 2. A may create a to make a country s laws. compromise constitution confederation convention 3. A unites people at a meeting place, but a is a group united in spirit. ratify representative compromise legislature 4. If there had not been a to consider all states concerns, people might not have wanted to the Constitution. representative confederation compromise democracy 5. People choose someone to be their as part of a system of government called a. WORD ROOT The word democracy comes from the Greek word demokratia, which means rule of the people. The New Nation and the Constitution 31
confederation compromise representative democracy rights convention legislature constitution ratify amendment C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence. 1. A should speak out for the people he or she represents. 2. Our created the central government for our country. 3. If Congress likes a law, they will vote to it. 4. In a, everybody gets part of what they want. 5. Most states also have a with two houses. 6. The Bill of Rights gave people they would not have had in Great Britain. 7. When the Constitution needs to be changed, an is added. 8. The first government of the United States was a of states. 9. In a, everyone has a voice in how the government is run. 10. Men from each state met at a to create a new plan for governing the United States. 32 The New Nation and the Constitution
confederation compromise representative democracy rights convention legislature constitution ratify amendment D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of each word. 1. amendment 2. compromise 3. confederation 4. constitution 5. convention 6. representative 7. democracy 8. legislature 9. ratify 10. rights Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. Describe the problems that the United States faced in creating a democracy. The New Nation and the Constitution 33