The Rise of Political Parties
Creation of Political Parties George Washington s cabinet became bitterly divided over the direction America was taking in its first eight years. America s first two political parties were formed. Federalists Loose Constructionists Alexander Hamilton VS. John Adams James Madison The Democratic-Republicans Strict Constructionists Thomas Jefferson Leads to political differences within the nation. (Division)
Interpreting the Constitution Another problem George Washington faced was how to make the Constitution work in real life. Strict Construction- Word for Word This means that if the Constitution doesn t say you can do it, then you can t! Loose Construction- Read between the Lines - broad or flexible. This means that if the Constitution doesn t say you can t do it, then you can. Alexander Hamilton argued that the necessary and proper clause gave the government the right to carry out its duties.
Main Party Leaders Constitutional Views Views on Government Different Ideas about America Federalists Alexander Hamilton & John Adams Loose constructionists: The National government should take all steps needed to govern the nation. Favored a strong federal government Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Strict constructionists: The National government should only have powers expressly listed in the Constitution Favored states rights Views on Foreign Policy Main Supporters Pro-British: Federalists feared the French Revolution as an example of mob rule Merchants and manufacturers Pro-French: Jefferson was sympathetic to the French Revolution Farmers and skilled craftsmen Who Should Vote? Only those meeting property qualifications Vote should be open to all adult white males
Follow up Review Quiz Find a partner and write the number of the question and the letter answer on a sheet of paper. Turn this in with both your names on it.
1. What is a tariff? A. It allows America to charge other countries an export tax. B. It allows America to trade freely with any country it wants to. C. It is a tax imposed on imported goods in America. D. It is a fee that landowners pay to the national government
2. Alexander Hamilton s financial plan included which of the following? A. encouraging spending for national defense B. favoring financial assistance for agriculture over industry C. tariffs to raise $ for payment of the nation s debts D. taxing only the people most able to pay
3.Which statement BEST describes a major result of the Whiskey Rebellion? A. The new government halted the production of whiskey. B. People realized that the new government would execute all violent protesters. C. The new government proved too weak to respond in times of crisis. D. People realized that the new government was strong enough to enforce laws.
4.The first two political parties in the United States developed as a result of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton s disagreement over the A. Interpretation of the constitution and national banks B. Balance of power between the federal and state governments C. Departments that would be included in the President s cabinet D. Laws that would be used to govern the western territories
5.Disagreements between the first 2 political parties over the power given to the National Government was one of the things that led to the development of the A. Great Compromise B. National judicial system C. Political party system D. President s Cabinet
6.Another factor that led to the formation of the first two political parties in the United States in the 1790s was the conflict over the A. acquisition of lands from France and Spain B. control of interstate commerce C. spread of slavery into the western territories D. whether the economy should be based on farming or manufacturing
7.What were the two things Washington s Farewell Address warned America about? A. Staying out of debt & building a military B. Moving west & Indian relationships C. Forming of Political Parties & foreign alliances D. Fighting in wars & industrialization
8. Which statement best describes a foreign policy followed by President George Washington? A. He adopted a position of neutrality. B. He formed alliances with European nations. C. He sent aid to French revolutionaries. D. He supported expansion into British Canada
9.Who was the target of the Alien Acts? A. People who were sympathetic to the nation of England B. Federalists who supported John Adams C. Immigrants who were not yet citizens D. The state legislatures of Kentucky & Virginia
10. The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions stated that states had the right to do what? A. Declare war against another country B. Nullify (ignore) a law they believed was not constitutional C. Control all trading D. Make their own laws about immigration