Name: Date: Per.: Civics Benchmark Review & EOC Study Guide Essential Question 1. The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers was developed by. Answer 2. John Locke s theory that certain truths in society come from and are governed by nature is known as the theory of. 3. Describe John Locke s theory of social contract. 4. This document guaranteed that not even the king or queen was above the law. 5. Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights on the development of the U.S. Constitution. 6. What was the first document that established selfgovernment by creating a direct democracy in the colonies? 7. This pamphlet was used to persuade members of the Second Continental Congress and justified the ideals and reasons for independence from Great Britain. 8. Give specific examples of colonial responses to English policies. 9. What concerns of the colonists led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? 10. What were the main complaints/arguments against Britain in the Declaration of Independence? 11. John Locke s theory of guaranteed that all individuals are entitled to basic rights such as life, liberty, and property. 12. Which document outlined the first form of government for the United States? Which system of government did this document create? 13. List some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 14. What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? 15. What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratification of the Constitution? 16. List the arguments the Anti-Federalists used to against ratifying the Constitution. 17. A legal member of a country is a.
18. Name the two ways a person can become a U.S. citizen. 1. 2. 19. List the steps in the naturalization process. 20. What are the major beliefs of the Democrat Party? 21. What are the major beliefs of the Republican Party? 22. What is a platform? 23. Give an example of media informing the public about government. 24. Give an example of how an individual can influence government. 25. Give an example of how interest groups can influence government. 26. What is bias? 27. What is symbolism? 28. What is propaganda? 29. What is the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy? 30. Explain the major similarity between socialism and communism. 31. A type of government in which the leadership is comprised of the few wealthy elite is called a. 32. What is monarchy? 33. What is autocracy? 34. What is a Federal system of government? Give an example. 35. What is a confederal system of government? Give an example. 36. What is a unitary system of government? Give an example. 37. What is the term for a system of government in which the power to make and execute laws is held by a parliament? 38. What term means that all citizens are accountable to the law? 39. Why is rule of law fundamental to the American legal system? 40. Why is it an obligation or a duty for citizens to follow laws?
41. Why do citizens pay taxes? How does this benefit society? 42. Why is it important to have citizens serve on juries? 43. Order the five rights guaranteed by the 1 st amendment. 44. Why was it important to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 45. List the rights guaranteed by the 5 th amendment 46. How do the fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth amendments protect the rights of the accused? Fourth: Fifth: Sixth: Eighth: 47. Why do you think the Framers included the 2 nd amendment with respect to militias? 48. Why did the Framers include the 3 rd amendment in the Bill of Rights? 49. Explain the difference between the 6 th and 7 th amendments. 50. How does the Ninth Amendment safeguard individual liberties? 51. How does the Tenth Amendment reinforce federalism? 52. Describe the principle of due process of law. 53. How does the Bill of Rights help ensure that the U.S. remains a democracy? 54. What are the two methods of proposing constitutional amendments? 55. In order for an amendment to be added to the Constitution, it must be by at least ¾ states. 56. What is the law making branch of Government? 57. Which Article in the U.S. Constitution identifies the powers of the president? 58. Which branch of government is composed of district courts, circuit courts, appellate courts, and other federal courts? 59. Which goal of the U.S. Constitution states that the government should work to protect the country from its enemies?
60. Which goal of the Preamble to U.S. Constitution states that the government should be a better union of states than the one created under the Articles of Confederation? 61. Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should make laws and establish a system of courts that is fair to all? 62. Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should work to safeguard the freedom of the people? 63. Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should work to protect the country from its enemies? 64. Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should preserve peace within the country? 65. What is a lobbyist? 66. Identify the current major political parties? 68. In what founding U.S. document is the principle of consent of the governed expressed? 69. What is the meaning of We the People as written in the Preamble to the US Constitution? 70. Give examples of how a person s constitutional rights can be limited? 71. The division of powers between three branches of government is called. 72. The ability of one branch to limit power of the others is called. 73. What is the purpose of checks and balances and separation of powers in the Constitution? 74. What is the highest law of land in the U.S? 75. law refers to the body of law that governs relationships between individuals and settles disputes. 76. law refers to the body of law that regulates the conduct of individuals. 77. law is based on the Constitution and on Supreme Court decisions. 78. law governs the behavior of men and women in all branches of the armed forces. 79. Which amendment abolished slavery in the U.S? 80. Which amendment guaranteed due process, equal protection under the law and granted rights of citizenship to African Americans? 81. Which amendment guaranteed the right of suffrage regardless of previous condition of servitude?
82. Which amendment, ratified in 1920, guaranteed women s suffrage? 83. Which amendment outlawed the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting? 84. In the wake of the Vietnam War, which amendment was added to lower the voting age of U.S. citizens to 18? 85. What Landmark Supreme Court case resulted in the principle of Judicial Review? 86. What Landmark Supreme Court case justified segregation and the principle of separate but equal? 87. What Landmark Supreme Court case overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision by ruling that separate facilities were not equal and ended segregation in schools? 88. What Landmark Supreme Court case required states to provide free legal help to those who could not afford representation in court? 89. What Landmark Supreme Court case ruled that an individual s rights begin at the time of their arrest and required that individuals be notified of these rights? 90. What Landmark Supreme Court case ruled that juveniles accused of crimes receive the same due process as adults? 91. What Landmark Supreme Court case expanded interpretation of the First Amendment right to free speech in schools to also include freedom of expression? 92. What Landmark Supreme Court case limited freedom of press in school publications? 93. The Supreme Court ruled in that executive privilege is only extended when connected to national security. 94. What Landmark Supreme Court case ruled that the Supreme Court could overrule a state court s decisions on state laws (in regards to Election 2000)? 95. When evaluating candidates for office, what are examples of things that might influence your decision? 96. All policies dealing with issues within the United States are considered policy. 97. is the government s plan for interacting with other countries of the world. 98. The policy of the income of U.S. citizens to fund government programs for the good of society is an example of domestic policy. 99. Providing monetary aid, military assistance or food to nations in need in order to promote peace is an example of policy. 100. This organization is an international assembly of nations to discuss and act on important global issues. 101. This security alliance between the United States and many European countries was originally formed to establish a united front against Soviet aggression during the Cold War and now engages in joint security and peacekeeping operations.
102. This volunteer program provides technical assistance and cultural understanding between the United States and other nations. 103. This UN agency promotes worldwide health to combat the spread of diseases. 104. Which UN agency promotes international trade among nations? 105. What court is known as the World Court? 106. This term describes a way in which the US can enter into an agreement with other nations to resolve conflicts or further relationships. 107. The United States has used this mechanism to punish nations that violate human rights or otherwise threaten the interests of the United States. 108. In a federal system, powers are shared between the states and the national government. 109. The ability to protect borders is best performed by which level of government. 110. The service of maintaining public libraries is best performed by which level of government. 111. Create a graphic organizer that depicts the levels and functions of the judicial branch at the state level. 112. What are the main sections of the Florida and U.S. Constitutions called? 113. List the obligations and services provided by the local level of government. 114. List the obligations and services provided by the state level of government. 115. List the obligations and services provided by the federal level of government. 116. In this form of government, all citizens in the community vote on all decisions. 117. Voting for representatives to carry out the work of government and make decisions is defined as what form of government? 118. is a system of government that believes that society should organize and control the means of production for the welfare of all. 119. is a system of government that believes that the state would own the land, capital, labor and make all economic decisions. 120. In this form of government, a king or queen reigns over a kingdom or empire. 121. A form of government in which a few people rule. 122. A dictatorship is an example of this type of government in which one person holds all the power. 123. The type of democratic government that exists in Great Britain is led by a majority of its legislature who then chooses its executive that is called a. 124. In what type of government is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme? 125. A is a loose association of states.
126. A system of government where powers are shared and divided between the national and state government 127. List the specific powers of the Legislative Branch of government. 128. List the specific powers of the Executive Branch of government. 129. List the specific powers of the Judicial Branch of government. 130. What are the basic steps of how a bill becomes a law? 131. The sole power to declare war lies with? 132. A legislature is a lawmaking body with two houses. 133. What are the two houses of US Congress? 134. What are the qualifications for members of the House of Representatives? 135. What are the qualifications for members of the Senate? 136. What are the qualifications for the presidency as listed by the Constitution of the United States? 137. What is the term limit for the President of the United States? 138. What are the duties of the Vice President? 139. Who is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces? 140. What makes up the Executive Office of the President? 141. If you identified a problem in your community, what are the steps that you would take to resolve it? 142. A(n) issue is one that deals with the community as a whole. 143. What is an example of a current issue? 144. What is an example of a public issue? 145. What are the three levels of federal courts and what function does each level serve? 146. What are the two ways a US Constitutional amendment can be proposed? 147. What are the two ways that a US Constitutional amendment can be approved? 148. A government program that provides economic and military assistance to another country is called.
149. The Articles of Confederation is a type of government whereas the US Constitution establishes a type of government. 150. Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1-17 establish powers for Congress while Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 (elastic clause) establishes powers. 151. Powers shared by both the state governments and the federal government, such as building roads, collecting taxes, and passing laws are called powers. 152. According to the 10 th Amendment to the US Constitution, powers not specifically granted to the federal government nor denied to the states are given to the states and called powers. 153. List the following choices in order to properly depict the hierarchy (order) of the Florida Court system from least to greatest authority. Circuit Courts, State Supreme Court, District Courts of Appeals, County Courts 154. jurisdiction allows a court to hear a case first. 155. jurisdiction is when the authority to hear a case is shared by multiple courts of the judicial system. 156. jurisdiction is the authority to hear only certain types of cases (bankruptcy, family issues, etc.). 157. The power of the court to decide whether a law or presidential action is agreement with the Constitution is called. 158. The following description best identifies which constitution, The Florida Constitution or the US Constitution? Is fairly short, concise, and difficult to amend and has only seven articles. 159. The following description best identifies which constitution, The Florida Constitution or the US Constitution? Is longer, easy to amend, and grants government the power to oversee education. 160. Which step is missing in the sequence of creating public policy? Identifying a problem Selecting a solution Developing an action plan