Washington & Adams U.S. HISTORY CH 7: LAUNCHING THE NATION
1.The Constitution: A Brief Review At the Constitutional Convention, the Virginia Plan included a proposal for separation of powers into three branches of government.
2.Constitution & Great Compromise At the Constitutional Convention, held in Philadelphia in 1787, delegates agreed to compromise on what formula should be used for Congressional representation.
3.Constitution & Federalism The principle of Federalism deals with the division of power between the national and state governments.
4.Constitution: Checks & Balances The three branches of government each check the other to make sure that a balance of power exists between the branches. EX: The President nominates a justice to the Supreme Court, who the Senate will confirm.
5.Constitution: Amendment Process The Constitution of the United States is a living document that can be amended, or changed, adjusting to changing times.
6.Problems of Early Republic Creating a stable economic system Defining authority of the national government Maintaining national security
7.Federalism and the Constitution Federalists said the Constitution should be interpreted loosely, according to historical and social changes.
8.Washington becomes 1 st U.S. President George Washington, former commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, became the nation s first President in 1789.
9.Jefferson vs. Hamilton Jefferson, an Anti- Federalist, believed in a strict construction (interpretation) of the Constitution.
10.Jefferson vs. Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton proposed a plan to respond and deal with the country s economic problems: Create a national bank Impose a whiskey tax Repay federal and state debts
11.Jefferson vs. Hamilton Hamilton s economic plan was designed to help build the national economy. With the creation of the national bank, state debt was assumed, and the nation was put on firm financial footing.
12.Jefferson vs. Hamilton Jefferson wanted to expand states rights. Hamilton would have rejected states rights over a strong federal government.
13.Jay s Treaty Jay s Treaty kept U.S. out of war with Britain. Washington did not like the treaty but believed it was the best that could be done.
14.Foreign policy Washington adopted a position of neutrality in foreign relations. In April 1793, he issued the Proclamation of Neutrality saying the U.S. would not take sides in the war between England and France.
15.Foreign policy Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent Alliances. Washington warned against U.S. involvement in European conflicts.
16.Foreign policy Washington influenced American foreign policy. The U.S. attempted to remain neutral with foreign powers through the 19 th century.
17.Pinckney Treaty The Pinckney Treaty addressed settlers disputes over Florida with Spain.
18.Judiciary Act During the Washington Administration, the passage of the Judiciary Act set up the federal courts system.
19.Whiskey Rebellion Washington used the state militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion He demonstrated that the new national government intended to enforce federal laws.
20.Political parties Political parties developed in the early republic due to the disagreement over the role and strength of the national government.
21.Political parties (Political parties) serve to distract the public and (weaken the government). President Washington Washington disagreed with Madison over the necessity of political parties.
22.Washington sets a precedent George Washington set an important precedent by stepping down as President after two terms in office.
23.Washington s Farewell Address He wanted the nation to avoid forming alliances with foreign nations.
24.Adams becomes President John Adams was Washington s Vice President. He became the 2 nd President of the United States. He had been a leading patriot during the American Revolution.
25.Alien and Sedition Acts Adams controversial Alien and Sedition Acts restricted citizens from criticizing the government.
26.Alien and Sedition Acts Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in response to the XYZ Affair and threats to national security. Newspaper editors were punished for their criticism of the government.
27.Jefferson becomes 3 rd President Thomas Jefferson became the 3 rd President of the United States in 1800. Stay tuned for next chapter in U.S. History!
QUESTIONS Who are the first three U.S. Presidents in order of the terms served? ANSWER: Slides #s 8, 24, 27
QUESTIONS What did Congress pass in response to the XYZ Affair? ANSWER: Slide #26
QUESTIONS What did President Washington warn the United States to avoid? ANSWER: Slide #23
QUESTIONS What does the principle of Federalism deal with? ANSWER: Slide #3
QUESTIONS What did George Washington and James Madison disagree about? ANSWER: Slide #21
QUESTIONS How did Federalists interpret the text of the Constitution? ANSWER: Slide #7
QUESTIONS Which issue would be supported by Thomas Jefferson, an Anti- Federalist? ANSWER: Slide #12
QUESTIONS What were some problems faced by leaders during the early years of the republic? ANSWER: Slide #6
QUESTIONS What did President Washington demonstrate when he used the state militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion? ANSWER Slide #19
QUESTIONS Why did political parties develop during the early republic? ANSWER: Slide #2O
Study and Good Luck! TEST IS FRIDAY