Imperialism in Asia CHINA & JAPAN
The Japanese willow bent with the winds of western imperialism and survived; the Chinese oak stood fast against the winds from the west and fell.
Isolationists - Closed Off From World! CHINA Strong crop & industry Refused to purchase European goods Not needed Savages Confucianism Emphasizes society, honor, rules of family Qing Dynasty restricted European trade & missionaries in 18th century Japan Foreign trade limited Foreigners expelled 1600 outlawed Christianity Kept the West out for 200 years Shintoism Based on spirits Love of Japan
Imperial Interest Rises DESIRE TO INCREASE WORLD MARKETS Asian nations offered profitable TRADE Lots of people = CONSUMERS Lots of markets = HUNGRY SHARKS ATTACK Lots of rare resources = MONEY European nations need to expand industrial markets to improve capital gains Why not exploit backwards nations in the Pacific? DESIRE TO INCREASE WORLD MARKETS
Imperial Interest in China: A History Britain is purchasing tea from China BUT getting nothing in return Need to balance trade to no avail Introduce OPIUM to Chinese - get ADDICTED! From where? 1796: China bans British import of opium & destroys warehouses - British refuse to stop profitable trade (warships sent) OPIUM WARS 1842 Treaty of Nanjing Chinese humiliated Chinese defeated British get port in Hong Kong plus forced to open 5 other trade ports Opium trade - plus pay for destroyed Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens Chinese resentment for savages grows
Opening Japan... US sends Matthew Perry to OPEN TRADE Gunboat Diplomacy Delivers letter: open trade ports to western world or be destroyed in 1 year Desire coaling stations, trade, etc. 1853: Treaty of Kanagawa Japan fearful can t counter advanced military & technology US becomes FIRST to gain trade rights 2 ports & US embassy Others follow by 1860
China Imperialized!
Responses to British Imperialism : *Hunger *Starvation *Opium Addiction *Poverty Rampant throughout China
Chinese Empire is WEAK
Creation of Sphere of Influence: SPHERE OF INFLUENCE: An outside power claims ECONOMIC (trading) privileges in a specific region of another nation FOREIGN POWERS CONTROL PORTS UK: Queen Victoria; Germany: Wilhelm II; Russia: Nicholas II; France: Marianne; Japan: Samarai Annam, Burma, Formosa, Korea, Liaotung Peninsula Manchuria, Shantung Peninsula, Kwangchow, Yangtze Valley
Creation of Sphere of Influence: Britain, France, Germany, Russia & Japan carve up sections of China for economic gains. Who is missing??
China adopts the Open Door Policy:
BOXER REBELLION 1899 Upset with inability to defend self & resent special privileges of foreigners
Jeopardy Knowledge: Effects of Imperialism Despite fines, weakness, etc. nationalism continued to rise 1912 = Republic of China Qing dynasty overthrew - couldn t protect China from outside influences Reforms not effective leading to later civil wars (Sun Yet-Sen: democracy, nationalism & livelihood) Communism later took hold (Mao Zedong, Cultural Revolution, Cold War Era)
Japan Modernizes!
Japan Responds Due to Fear- Adoption of Western Ways Adopts what they admire from Western nations to follow in path of industrialization & modern society.
MEIJI REFORMS: Modernization makes most industrial & militarized Asian nation now what?
Race to become a World Power Little Nation, Big Power 30 Years Later Japan transformed from a weak isolated nation to a powerful industrial nation! Looks to compete with Europe & build own imperial empire Nationalism Grows Industrial Revolution=need resources Nationalism=felt pride & desire to expand Military Strategy=ability to grow Disprove Superiority
China shown as weak Japanese expansion egins Imperial Japan
Imperial Japan Japan attacks Korea 1905: Korea becomes Japanese protectorate 1910: Japan annexed all of Korea Began brutal campaign to destroy Korean culture & economy European nations begin to feel threatened, but don t act 1930s: Depression affects Japan s success Military leaders gain support & run Japan behind Emperor Hirohito (figurehead) Nationalism grew and so did their empire Japan s military leaders look to solve economic problems through expansion and imperialism
Japanese aggression continues to GROW
Putting it Together How did the Russo-Japanese War influence the later attack at Pearl Harbor during World War II?
TIME TO THINK: How will Japan Respond? 1862 Japanese scholars to China We cannot wait for our neighbor countries to become so civilized that all may combine together to make Asia progress. We must rather break out of formation and behave in the same way as the civilized countries of the West are doing We would do better to treat China and Korea in the same way as do the Western nations. Meiji Oligarch