documents on Reform of the United Nations, 'V Edited by PAUL TAYLOR, SAM DAWS, UTE ADAMCZICK-GERTEIS Dartmouth Aldershot Brookfield USA Singapore Sydney
Contents List of Abbreviations Preface Acknowledgements xi xiii xv PART I THE UNITED NATIONS AND INTERVENTION: WHEN IS IT JUSTIFIED? 1 When Should the UN Intervene? Introduction 3 Paul Taylor 2 Beware the Slippery Slope: Notes Towards the Definition of Justifiable Intervention 9 (from The Principles of Justifiable Intervention, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993, pp. 71-8, 81) Ernst B. Haas 3 International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm 21 (from International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm, London: Routledge, 1993, pp. 34, 40, 135-6) Anthony Clark and Robert J. Beck 4 The Task Force on Ethical and Legal Issues in Humanitarian Assistance 27 (from the Mohonk Criteria for Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies, a Conference Report, The World Conference on Religion and Peace, 1994, pp. 1-14) 5 UN General Assembly, Resolution 46/182 31 (New York; United Nations, December 1991) 6 Fragmenting States and the Need for Enlarged Peacekeeping 41 (from Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen, SWP-KA 2869, October 1994, pp. 21-41) Winrich Kuhne
vi Documents on Reform of the United Nations PART II THE UNITED NATIONS' MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING PEACE AND SECURITY: PURPOSE, RESOURCES AND CONTROL 7 The United Nations' Mechanisms for Maintaining Peace and Security: Introduction 65 Paul Taylor 8 Improving the Capacity of the United Nations for Peacekeeping: Report of the Secretary-General 67 (UN General Assembly and Security Council, A/48/403, S/26450, New York, March 1994) 9 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary-General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations 89 (General Assembly Report, A/50/60, S/1995/1, 3 January 1995) 10 Statement by the President of the Security Council in Response to a Supplement to An Agenda for Peace 117 (S/PRST 1995/9, 22 February 1995) 11 Key Elements of the Clinton Administration's Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations 123 (US Administration, Presidential Decision Directive, May 1994) 12 For a UN Volunteer Military Force and four replies 139 (from New York Review of.books, 10 June 1993, pp. 3-4) Sir Brian Urquhart et al. 13 Stand-by Arrangements for Peacekeeping: Report of the Secretary-General 151 (Security Council, S/1994/777,30 June 1994) 14 UN Peacekeeping Operations and Japan 153 (from Selig S. Harrison and M. Nishihara, UN Peacekeeping: Japanese and American Perspectives, The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995) Akihiko Tanaka 15 Command and Control of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Report of the Secretary-General 169 (General Assembly, A/49/681,21 November 1994)
Contents vii PART III FINANCING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE UN SYSTEM: THE REGULAR BUDGET, PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION 16 Financing the Activities of the UN System: Introduction 181 17 Financial Reform for the International Sector 185 (From Paper prepared for Wiston House Conference, 9 June 1994, pp. 3-13) Ruben Mendez 18 The Continuing Financial Problems of the United Nations: Assessing Reform Proposals 201 (from C. de Cooker (ed.), International Administration, UNITAR, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995) Yves Beigbeder 19 Improving the Financial Situation of the United Nations: Report of the Secretary-General 227 (Extract from the Report of the Secretary-General, A/50/666/Add. 4/Corr. 1, 2 April 1996) 20 Report of the High-level Open-ended Working Group on the Financial Situation of the United Nations 239 (General Assembly, No. 43, A/49/43,1995) 21 UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES 49/19B: Scale of Assessments for the Apportionment of the Expenses of the United Nations 255 (General Assembly, A/RES/49/19/B, 3 March 1995) PART IV THE UN SECRETARIAT: CHANGING ROLES AND STRUCTURES 22 The UN Secretariat: Introduction 265 Paul Taylor 23 Depoliticizing United Nations Recruitment: Establishing a Genuinely International Civil Service 267 (from 'The United Nations System: prospects for reform', New York-University Journal of International Law and Politics, New York University, 22, (4), Summer, 1990, pp. 742-92) /. Russell Bulkeley
viii Documents on Reform of the United Nations 24 A World in Need of Leadership: Tomorrow's United Nations 305 (from Secretary-General Appointment Procedure, Development Dialogue, Hammarskjold Foundation/Ford Foundation, 1990, pp. 23-30) Brian Urquhart and Erskine Childers 25 Renewing the United Nations System: The International Civil Service 313 (from Development Dialogue, Hammarskjold Foundation, 1994, pp. 159-70) Erskine Childers and Brian Urquhart 26 Establishment of the Office of Internal Oversight Services: Secretary-General's Bulletin 327 (Secretariat, ST/SGB/273, 7 September 1994) 27 UN General Assembly Resolution: Improvement of the Status of Women in the Secretariat 337 (General Assembly A/RES/49/167,24 February 1995) PART V THE ROLE OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS 28 The Role of Regional Organizations: Introduction 343 29 The Role of Regional Organizations 347 (from C.E. Black and R. Falk (eds), The Future of the International Order, vol. II, Conflict Management, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971, pp. 141-62) John Norton Moore 30 Regional Arrangements and the UN System for Collective Security and Conflict Resolution: A New Road Ahead? 373 (from International Relations, XI, (2), August 1992, pp. 95-111) Benjamin Rivlin 31 Regional Agencies and the Yugoslav Crisis: The Application of Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter 393 (revised version of Paper prepared for the annual conference of the British International Studies Association, December 1993) Karen E. Smith
Contents ix 32 Declaration on the Enhancement of Cooperation Between the United Nations and Regional Arrangements or Agencies in the Maintenance of Peace and Security 405 (General Assembly, Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of Organizations, A/C.6/49/L.12,15 November 1994) PART VI THE REFORM OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL 33 The Reform of the UN Security Council: Introduction 415 ^x 34 Remaking the Security Council: The Options 419 X (from The World Today, Royal Institute of International Affairs, August-September 1994, pp. 167-72) Helen Leigh-Phippard 35 Reform of the Security Council: Memorandum Submitted to the President of the UN General Assembly 433 ^ (International Peace Academy and The Stanley Foundation, 20 May 1994) 36 The Restructuring and Strengthening of the UN: A Survey of the Issues 445 (from Ronald Dore, Koshiyo to iieru Nihon, Tokyo: Asahi Shimbun, 1993) Ronald Dore 37 Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters Related to the Security Council 449 (A/49/47,15 September 1995) 38 Annex to the Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters Related to the Security Council (Extract) 455 \/ (from A/49/965,18 September 1995) / PART VII THE FUTURE OF THE UN CHARTER: REVISION, AMENDMENT OR REINTERPRETATION 39 The Future of the UN Charter: Introduction 471
x Documents on Reform of the United Nations 40 Prospects of Revision of the UN Charter (Extract) 475 (from L.F. Bravo (ed.), Prospects for Reform of the United Nations System, Padova, Rome: SIOI, CEDAM, 1993, pp. 468-79) Attila Tanzi 41 The Structure of the UN in the Post-Cold War Period 487 (from Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury (eds), United Nations, Divided World, (2nd edn), Oxford: Clarendon, 1993, pp. 465-7) Peter Wilenski 42 Amendment to and Review of the UN Charter 491 (from Riidiger Wolfrum, United Nations: Law, Policies and Practice, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995, pp. 20-26) Meinhard Schroder 43 Amendments 501 (from Bruno Simma, The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 1163-95) Bruno Simma 44 Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization on the Question of the Deletion of the 'Enemy State' Clauses 553 (General Assembly, A/50/33,1995) Annex: The Pontignano Conference on Aspects of UN Reform: Discussion 555 Ute Adamczick-Gerteis Bibliography 573