This hurricane is known as the equivalent in loss of life to Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Most people died as a result of drowning. Hindrances to Success: Natural Disasters in SC (No need to take extensive notes on this part just enjoy!!) It was the 4 th deadliest hurricane in US history The Sea Islands Hurricane of 1893 Storm Tracker: Buh-bayum!! A perfect hit at Beaufort, SC and the outlying Sea Islands The Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton during the Civil War, came in full force to help out after the storm. Clara Barton herself served people displaced, injured, and homeless after this storm. 1
2/10/2016 Most of the dead and homeless were African Americans living on the outlying seas islands. It is a heavily studied example of an intraplate earthquake. It is believed to have occurred on faults formed during the break-up of Pangaea. Although the epicenter was near Summerville, the quake could be felt as far away as Ohio and Boston. Most injuries and death occurred as a result of people fleeing their homes during the shaking. Imagine the devastation to rice fields and cotton fields in the area. So how do you think it affected the lives of people in the area? The Charleston Earthquake of 1886 On the night of August 31, 1886, an earthquake on a scale of 6.4 7.3 on the Richter scale struck the area near Charleston. About 80% of the buildings in the city of Charleston were damaged in some way by the shaking. 2
Buildings as far away as in Greensboro North Carolina were damaged. Laura said that there was colored sand that rose up on the beach and that people collected it in jars and sold them as memorabilia. A railroad track, bent from the movement of the earth, threw a train off the tracks during the night. As a result of the widespread damage in the city, earthquake rods were used to shore up buildings and to prevent future damage. We see the effects of this in earthquake bolts visible today. One first hand account of Laura Witte, age 9, stated that her father thought the children were making too much noise in the house on Sullivan s Island. The Hurricane of 1911 This storm came without warning. The eye of the hurricane passed north of Savannah and damaged Charleston and its outlying islands. 3
The storm winds lasted for almost 36 hours with sustained winds over 100 miles per hour at the height of the storm. The day after, however, it was still very windy. 1886 Damage The earthquake caused severe damage in Charleston, damaging 2,000 buildings and causing between $125 to 200 million in damage (today s cost). Between 60 and 110 lives were lost. Very little to no historical earthquake activity occurred in the Charleston area prior to the 1886 event. What about the element of surprise? Do you think we re ready for an earthquake today? A total of almost 5 inches of rain, which doesn t sound like a lot, fell in the aftermath of the storm. Here you can see the wind blowing over the Battery and the resulting damage to the waterfront. How do you think residents of the area felt being cut off? Within the city almost all of the buildings sustained damage and most had to be torn down and rebuilt. Wires were cut and the railroad tracks were torn apart, cutting residents off from the outside world and vice-versa. versa. Assessing Damage - 1893 Rice fields damaged from Beaufort to Georgetown Cotton fields ruined for the season Poor blacks on the Sea Islands drowned (2500 people drowned) Thousands of people homeless How did this affect people? How easy or difficult was it to rebuild - for farmers - for poor people (black and white) This is where you could pick up the pace with your notes.. 4
How did the forces of expansion and reform impact South Carolina at the turn of the century? CHAPTER 7 Expansion and Reform The Birth of the Progressive Movement Progressives succeeded where Populists failed. They brought about change in cities and states, and to the whole nation. They believed in a strong central government that attempted to serve the needs of the people. LESSON 3 The Progressive Movement A Lack of Government Government and business were close partners in the late 1800s. The government practiced a laissez faire approach when it came to business. This hands-off approach allowed businesses to grow without restriction. Many people felt this was good for the economy. The Birth of the Progressive Movement A reform movement led by men and women who wanted to End corruption in business and government Address economic problems such as poverty, and Improve society Progressives reformers were both Democrats and Republicans. A Lack of Government However,, it allowed companies like Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil to become monopolies by eliminating all of their competition. 5
A Government for and by the People A major goal of Progressives was to make government more responsive to the needs of the people. The Progressive Movement Roosevelt s Foreign Policy Speak softly and carry a big stick Roosevelt was known for being tough when it came to foreign policy. His aggressive actions led to the construction of the Panama Canal. A Government for and by the People Three political reforms helped achieve this goal: The initiative let citizens propose laws themselves by getting enough signatures on a petition. The referendum allowed citizens to vote for or against laws already passed by the state s lawmakers. The recall allowed citizens to remove an elected official if they did not like how he was doing his job. William Howard Taft Taft busted more trusts (monopolies) than Roosevelt. He oversaw the passing of the 16th and 17th Amendments. The 16th Amendment established an income tax. The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of senators. He signed a law that created the eight-hour hour workday and created the Federal Children s Bureau. Teddy Roosevelt President Roosevelt viewed his role as a guardian of the people. His Square Deal sought to control corporations protect consumers promote conservation of the environment. He earned the nickname trustbuster for breaking up monopolies. Progressives in the White House Woodrow Wilson Wilson s called his program of Progressive reforms New Freedom. He attacked the triple wall of privilege, which included banks, trusts, and tariffs. He created the Federal Reserve banking system to stop corruption in banks and give the government more control. He also signed laws that helped farmers. 6
The 18th Amendment Progressives saw immoral behavior especially drinking alcohol as as one of society s worst problems. Progressive reformers supported temperance and prohibition on a national scale. In 1919, they succeeded when the 18th Amendment took effect. Called Prohibition, it banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages anywhere in the United States. W.E.B. DuBois Progressive Black Leaders The first African American to earn a PhD at Harvard. Demanded full participation of African Americans in politics. Founded the NAACP, which led the fight for equal rights during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. W.E.B DuBois Women s Suffrage Women had worked since before the Civil War to win voting rights and stepped up their protests during World War I. By 1920, they convinced Congress to pass the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote. Passage of the 19th Amendment forced all states to extend suffrage to women. Alice Paul was a suffrage leader. She is pictured here unfolding a banner with 36 victory stars from the balcony of the Woman s Party headquarters in Washington DC. Progressive Black Leaders Booker T. Washington An ex-slave, he did not believe blacks could ever gain political equality, so he focused his efforts on helping blacks gain economic independence. Washington supported gradual change and did not challenge Jim Crow laws. Booker T. Washington Muckrakers and Others There was a group of journalists and writers called muckrakers who worked to expose problems in business and industry. Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair were 2 of the most outspoken writers of the time. Lewis Hine wanted to expose poor and dangerous working conditions in factories by taking photographs of workers. These muckrakers had a positive effect during this period. Reforms in South Carolina Convict leasing program came to an end. Child labor banned in textile mills. State income tax established. Increased funding for public education, but funding was uneven. 7
Reforms in South Carolina Charleston and other cities began to address health issues by installing sewer systems, banning farm animals from downtown areas, and paving streets. The Progressive Movement Richard Manning III Elected governor in 1914, he embraced Progressive reforms despite his family s history. Focused on reforms that he thought would move the state forward. Progressive majorities in both house enabled him to push through many reforms Created the Board of Arbitration to help settle labor disputes. Outlawed factory work for children under age 14. Created schools for the mentally ill and for troubled white girls. Supported improvements to agricultural education. Supported the secret ballot. 8