15 January 2018 Measuring Emigration through censuses Paris, 15 January 2018 Tunisian emigration through censuses: Pros and cons Nadia Touihri Director of Demographic Statistics Chief migration unit National Institute of Statistics touihri.nadia@ins.tn
01 Plan 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Limits of measuring emigration through census 4. Advantages of measuring emigration through census 5. Data quality 6. Tabulation and data Dessimination 7. Some results 8. Conclusion
. 01 Introduction Spatial mobility is one of the fundamental axes of the societies functioning and changing. It is impossible to understand these societies without taking into consideration spatial mobility. Mobility can not be analyzed separately, because it is linked to the economic, social, cultural, geographical and demographic elements at the place of departure and at the place of arrival. Thus, population censuses remain the most relevant source of information on migration, given its completeness and the opportunity it for further crosschecks with other key variables of migrants.
. 02 Introduction Tunisian population census represents a snapshot of the resident population in the country at a given point in time (exp: 23 April 2014, round 2010) Periodicity : 10 years face to face interview Emigration module introduced in round 2000 ( census 2004) Emigration is measured over a period of 5 years
. 03 Methodology Immigration and return migration Is (name) resident in the same housing unit, in April 2009? Other housing unit Same housing unit Country / delegatio of residence April 2009 Urban / rural Reason Year of departure Census 2004 Census 2014
. 04 Methodology Emigration Relationship with the head of hh Gender Year of birth Census 2004 Are there any member of your household riside currently abroad, and was resident in this household in April 2009? Oui Non Reason Current country of residence Census 2014 Year of departure Level of education
05 limits of measuring emigration through census Information about emigrant gathered by proxy It recall interviewer s memory No information about emigrants after migration; situation, profile, integration Only a limited set of question could be inserted into census questionnaire; it s not the purpose of a census Departure of entire Household (no left behind); possibility of missing some emigrants
06 Advantages of measuring emigration through census Measuring emigration through census allows to: Get information about the structure of emigrant within a given period Get information about the level of education of emigrant before departure Get information about the country of destination A cross check with the other census modules, allows in depth analysis to understand the emigrant behavior: Housing unit characteristics, Life conditions of household, Individual characteristics of the head of household
07 Data quality To improve data quality : Improving enumerator training, and instructions Providing a full explanation to enumerators about the migratory context and its concepts, Formulating easy and clearly worded questions Choosing good position and sequence of items within the census: the migration modules appears in the 7th out of 14 theme, for household that emigrate with all his members; questions should be addressed neighbors in order to get at least information about their number and their gender
08 Tabulation and data dissemination For census 2014; emigration is measured between 2009 and 2014: First results was dessiminated from the 20% of A core tabulation with descriptives analysis was provided in a publication titeled «Carectéristiques migratoires en Tunisie» Specific tabulation are addressed to migration unit in INS
09 Some results Destination country The number of emigrants between April 2009 and April 2014 was about 66 thousands; a yearly average of 13 thousand. % of emigrants by country of destination Canada Qatar Saoudia Arabia Emirates German Italy other Libya France 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 4.5 13.1 14 16.1 41.8 0 10 20 30 40 50
10 Some results Structure of Emigrants 60 ans et plus 55-59 ans 50-54 ans 45-49 ans 40-44 ans 35-39 ans 30-34 ans Female Male 25-29 ans 20-24 ans 15-19 ans moins 15 ans -20000-15000 -10000-5000 0 5000
11 Some results Reason for Emigration % of emigrants by reason of departure 9.7 2.7 14.2 73.4 Economic reason Study Marriage Other
12 Some results Level of education of Emigrants % of emigrants by level of education before departure 7 28.6 24.5 high secondary primary nothing 40
12 Data comparaison Share of women from Tunisian total stocks (DIOC) and Tunisian Emigrants (Census)
emigration,.) 13 Conclusion Although its limits, and with the absence of accurate administrative data, and the high cost of specific migration survey, Census remain a reliable source and an opportunity to measure emigration. Provide a database for sampling purposes to undertake survey about migration; limit cost Emigration module will be considered in the next round where the variable economic situation before departure will be added Specific migration survey is needed to cover some aspects that could not be covered by population Census ( emigrant profile, situation after
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