III. The Rise of Fascism in Italy Main Idea: Angered by political and economic problems, many Italians turned to Benito Mussolini and fascism for solutions.
The Spanish Civil War 1936-39
Mussolini What makes an effective public speaker?
A. Mussolini 1. Was a socialist as a youth 2. Became an extreme nationalist 3. 1919, he organized veterans and workers into the Fascist Party 4. Intense speaker, promised to end corruption and create order 5. Promised to make Italy a great nation once again
B. Black Shirts 1. Combat squads of brutes who used violence and intimidation to promote Fascist ideas 2. Broke up socialist and leftist rallies 3. Attacked farmer cooperatives 4. Ousted elected officials
C. Fascist March on Rome 1. Tens of thousands of Italians marched on Rome to demand change 2. King of Italy fearing civil war, asks Mussolini to form a government and become the Prime Minister 3. Mussolini wins a legal appointment
D. Mussolini in Power 1. Mussolini takes the title Il Duce The Leader 2. Controls government 3. Rules as a supreme dictator 4. The individual was not valued 5. Believe! Obey! Fight! 6. Indoctrination of the Youth: Mussolini is always right!
E. What is Fascism? 1. Extreme Nationalism 2. Blind loyalty to the state 3. Did not value the individual 4. Survival of the fittest nation 5. Rejected faith in reason and logic 6. Warfare was glorified
F. Fascist Totalitarian Rule! 1. single-party dictatorship 2. State control of economy - (corporate state) 3. Use of police spies 4. Strict censorship 5. Indoctrination of the youth 6. Unquestioning obedience to the state
G. Fascist Appeal: 1. Promised stable government 2. National pride 3. Created order 4. Brought immediate benefits
IV. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
IV. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
IV. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Main Idea: Under Adolf Hitler, the Nazi government used terror, repression, and oneparty rule to establish a totalitarian state.
A. The Weimer Republic 1. Germany s Kaiser abdicated the throne 2. A constitution was written in the city of Weimer that created a democracy lead by a chancellor 3. It was a weak government because there were so many small groups fighting for power! 4. People wanted strong leadership
B. Massive Inflation! Inflation the rapid rise of prices; often caused by an increase in the supply of money
C. Adolf Hitler 1. Born in Austria, felt superior to other national groups 2. Anti-Semitism: Hate Jews 3. Fought in WWI 4. Hated the Weimer Republic 5. Became leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) 6. Created storm troopers to use violence and intimidation against political enemies
D. Hitler s Rise To Power 1. Economic turmoil and unstable government made people angry 2. Hitler was a charismatic leader who promised stability and prosperity 3. Blamed ethnic groups and Jews for all of Germany s problems 4. Wanted rearm Germany and instill national Pride!
E. Hitler was Elected! 1. Hitler elected as Chancellor of Germany, 1933 2. Made Germany a one party state 3. Suspended civil rights 4. Executed Nazis he thought were disloyal 5. Demanded complete obedience 6. Rejected the Treaty of Versailles
F. Hitler s Totalitarian State 1. Controlled all areas of life 2. SS troops enforced Hitler s policies 3. The Gestapo rooted out opposition 4. Created jobs for unemployed Germans 5. Built up military 6. Hitler Youth 7. Called a destruction of all inferior races
G. Purging German Culture 1. Rejected modern art because it was influenced by Jews, Jazz by Africans 2. Made religion illegal 3. Burned books 4. Rewrote History
H. Campaign Against the Jews 1. Jews were banned from education, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, etc. 2. Beat and robbed Jews 3. Many Jews fled Germany 4. Night of Broken Glass: Nazis invade Jewish homes, beat and kill Jews, steal possessions, destroy homes 5. Jews forced to live in Ghettos 6. Rest of the world does nothing
Hitler has plans for a final solution