Account not required Zaatari refugee camp Although refugee camps are defined as temporary settlements built to accommodate displaced people, the United Nations has had a refugee agency called the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for 66 years. The purpose of this organization is to protect the rights of refugees. It was created in 1950 to help millions of European refugees. Since then, the organization has tried to set standards for planned settlements or refugee camps. The UNHCR has set standards to determine the adequacy of refugee camps. One of the standards is indicated by the average camp area per person in square meters. A range of 45 to 35 square meters is acceptable, 34 to 30 square meters is unacceptable, and 29 square meters or less is critical. In the following activity, you will investigate the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, which was first opened in July, 2012. It is a holding place for Syrian refugees and has had an up-and-down population from 2012 to today. Below is a table recording the number of yearly inhabitants in the Zaatari camp since 2012. Date Refugees 2012 15,000 2013 76,000 2014 79,000 84,000 2016 80,000 These figures were taken from the following site: Syria Regional Refugee Response Inter-agency Information Sharing Portal Build skills in these areas: Use various types of imagery Identify dates of images Calculate area from imagery Use imagery to obtain vital information Determine the average camp size per person in square meters. What you need: Account not required Estimated time: under 30 minutes 1
Scenario 6. In the upper-right search box, search for Jordan. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is looking for information about the Zaatari camp. They would like to determine information about the area of habitation for the refugees starting from 2012 when it opened to the present. In the following activity, you will find the Zaatari refugee camp on different basemaps and satellite images. After locating the camp you will identify features. Locate Zaatari refugee camp 1. Go to ArcGIS.com. 2. On the upper ribbon, click Map. 3. In the upper-right corner, click Modify Map. 4. Under Details, click Show Contents of Map 7. Once again in the search box, search for Mafraq. Mafraq is the capital city of the Mafraq Govermorate in Jordan. 5. On the top ribbon click Basemap and select Imagery with Labels. In this image, you can see an airstrip and the city of Mafraq. You cannot see a refugee camp in this image, and you cannot tell the acquisition date of the image. 8. On the top ribbon, click Add and Search for Layers. 2
9. Search for Find: World Imagery in ArcGIS Online. 14. Click image to see Date. As you can see, the date of the image is February 23, 2011, or August 3, 2011, which was before the establishment of the camp. Use OpenStreetMap basemap The UNHCR has given you the exact longitude and latitude of the camp, which is given as: 36.32776, 32.29251. 10. Add World Imagery. 15. Enter the longitude and latitude in the search box to show the exact location of the refugee camp. 11. Click DONE ADDING LAYERS. 12. Click on World Imagery to uncollapse the layer. 13. Click Citations > More Options > Enable Pop-up. Descriptive information about features can be shown when a pop-up is enabled. 3
Mark Zaatari Refugee Camp You can create features on your map by adding a map notes layer. You use features to symbolize something you want to show on your map in this case, the exact location of the camp. 6. Zoom out on the map note until you can see the city of Mafraq and the airport. 1. On the top ribbon, go to Add > Add Map Notes. 2. Name the map note Zaatari. 3. Click CREATE. 4. Choose the green pushpin and add to the located point. 7. Click Details to close the Map Note template. 5. Click CLOSE. 4
Use OpenStreeMap basemap: There are other basemaps that can be used to help you visualize. 1. Click Basemap and choose the OpenStreetMap. The OpenStreetMap is a free, editable map produced by an open collaborative project. Volunteers gather location data using GPS, local knowledge, and other free sources of information and upload it. For more information visit OpenStreetMap. Use Landsat 8 Imagery Another source or imagery that can be used is the Landsat 8 satellite images. The Landsat 8 satellite images the entire Earth every 16 days. For more information on Landsat 8 visit the website below Landsat 8 1. On the top ribbon click Add and Search for layers. 2. Turn on and off the World Imagery and OpenStreetMap layers. You can see that the OpenStreetMap layer has been updated more recently than the World Imagery layer. 2. Search for Landsat 8. 3. Add Landsat 8 Views to the map. 4. Click DONE ADDING LAYERS. You can change the image display by using a predefined template or setting the band combination and stretch parameters. The band combination allows you to specify which band are displayed using the red, green, and blue color composite scheme. The different color combinations display your imagery with various color effects. You can display your data in natural color which displays the layer as you would normally see it, or you can use color combinations that highlight vegetation, urban areas, water, and other features. 5
5. Click on Landsat 8 Views and go to Image Display. 6. Under the Renderer Tab select the various displays to view. 7. Click APPLY after each selection. 8. Click on the Landsat image to see the Date of Acquisition. You will see that the image was taken on February 21, 2017 (date will vary) which was well after the refugee camp was established. 6
Measure area of Zaatari refugee camp You are now ready to tackle the initial problem of deciding if the refugee camp meets the standards of occupation set by the UNHCR. As a reminder below are the standards set for occupation: 45 35 square meters is acceptable 34 30 square meters is unacceptable 29 or less square meters is critical 1. Zoom in so the refugee camp is visible. 3. To measure the camp, click Area and click the map once for every vertex of the area you want to measure. Double-click to complete the area. 4. Record the area in square meters. square meters. You are now ready to compile your information. To calculate the number of refugees per square meters use the fovllowing formula: Square meters/refugees = Square meters per Refugee Remember the UNHCR has established the following habitat guidelines: 45 35 square meters/refugee is Acceptable 34 30 square meters/refugee is Unacceptable 29 or less square meters/refugee is Critical There is a range of 45 square meters to 35 square meters as acceptable, 34-30 square meters as unacceptable, and 29 or less square meters as critical. 5. Complete the following chart: 2. Click Measure to display the Measure toolbar and select Sq Meters and the polygon tool. Date Refugees Square Meters/ Refugee 2012 15,000 2013 76,000 2014 79,000 2015 84,000 2016 80,000 Condition In this exercise, you have used various types of temporal imagery to look at a location. You have also obtained information from the image to support decisions. 7