The Community Progress Report

Imagine Inform Invest Inspire Working together to build a stronger community now and forever The Community Progress Report MEASURING THE WELLBEING OF GREATER 641,472 residents live in The Community Foundation service area More than 210,000 adults volunteered in the last year 1 in 8 residents are foreign-born 59% of adults have asthma 340,000 of 3- and 4-year-olds attend preschool adults use arts & cultural resources 306,194 jobs are in New Haven County 85% of high schoolers graduate on time Created in partnership with

THE COMMUNITY PROGRESS REPORT Three years ago we introduced Calibrating the Community: Data to Strengthen Greater New Haven (2013) to further our collective understanding of how people within our region are doing and how our region is doing as a whole. The Community Progress Report (2016) continues this ongoing work. Using the latest economic, demographic, educational, health, and well-being data, this report provides benchmarks that identify strengths to build on and challenges that need to be addressed. We invite you to use these indicators to engage policy makers, businesses, institutions, and above all your neighbors and colleagues in conversations about how to build a stronger community for all of Greater New Haven. GREATER : COMMUNITIES OF CONNECTION More than 600,000 people live in the the region served by The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven. Though many of these municipalities have strong, independent identities with roots dating back to the founding of the country, the region is and has always been economically, culturally and socially connected. ABOUT THE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven was established in 1928 as a local charitable endowment to provide a permanent source of funds for the changing needs of the community. Our mission is to create positive and sustainable change in Connecticut s Greater New Haven region by increasing the amount of and enhancing the impact of community philanthropy. For more than three generations, thousands of donors have built our community endowment by establishing permanent funds or making gifts to existing funds that distribute grants to organizations that address a broad range of issues. ABOUT DATAHAVEN DataHaven is a non-profit organization with a 25-year history of public service to Greater New Haven and Connecticut. Its mission is to improve quality of life by collecting, sharing, and interpreting public data for effective decision making. DataHaven is a formal partner of the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership of the Urban Institute in Washington, DC. ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT This report is in based in part on the Greater New Haven Community Index 2016, a report produced by DataHaven in collaboration with community, government, and scientific partners including The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven. Download the entire report, including detailed notes on the sources and analyses used in this document, at www.ctdatahaven.org. STUDY AREA The adjacent map illustrates the geographic area(s) of study and corresponding terms referenced throughout this report; it serves as a guide only for the purposes of this report. The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven service area GREATER (GNH) INNER RING OUTER RING not included in data analysis VALLEY Oxford Shelton Seymour Naugatuck Beacon Falls Ansonia Derby Bethany Woodbridge Orange 15 West Haven New Haven Cheshire Hamden North Haven 91 Wallingford Branford North Branford 95 Guilford Madison Milford East Haven 2

A CHANGING REGION Greater New Haven is undergoing rapid demographic changes. Urban areas are becoming more populated, and diversity is rising in the inner ring towns. The population over the age of 65 is the fastest growing demographic group for most of the region. Adapting to these changes and taking advantage of the new opportunities they present is critical for the region to remain competitive. A RETURN TO THE CITY At a time when Connecticut s population is staying flat, New Haven continues to reverse a decades-long decline. Since 2000, the city s population has grown by 6% to more than 130,000, adding more residents than nearly any other town in Connecticut, and thousands of new apartments are being added to the city s downtown area. INCREASING DIVERSITY AND IMMIGRATION Greater New Haven s diversity is its strength. One in 8 residents in the region is foreign-born, coming from 120 different countries. They contribute millions of dollars to the economy and rich cultural traditions. In addition, recent foreign immigrants are the primary source of population growth. INCOME INEQUALITY The number of Greater New Haven residents living in middle class neighborhoods those with average incomes similar to the state has been shrinking. Meanwhile, the populations of affluent and poor neighborhoods have more than doubled since 1980. More than 1 in 3 residents identify as a racial or ethnic minority, compared to 1 in 5 in 1990. 12% of Greater New Haven residents, or 56,105 people, are foreign-born. Adults ages 65 and older are the region s only age group projected to grow significantly between 2014 and 2025. POPULATION BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2014 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% CHANGE IN TOTAL POPULATION, 2000 2014 20% 0% 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 6% 7% 8% 7% 6% 4% 4% 14% 1% 11% 14% 4% 26% 10% 15% 16% 59% 70% CONNECTICUT 5% +186,788 CONNECTICUT DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY NEIGHBORHOOD INCOME LEVEL, GREATER, 1980 2014 10% 59% 70% 9% 59% 24% 7% 23% 65% GREATER 4% +19,698 GREATER 2% 6% 5% 4% 7% 6% 16% 15% 23% NEIGHBORHOOD INCOME LEVEL AFFLUENT HIGH INCOME 30% 34% 56% 30% 26% 65% 63% 30% 23% 8% 32% 6% +6,927 63% INNER RING 6% +8,572 2% +4,199 INNER RING 47% 11% 89% OUTER RING OUTER RING 89% 40% 24% 16% 1980 1990 2000 2014 82% VALLEY WHITE BLACK LATINO OTHER MIDDLE INCOME LOW INCOME POOR 7% +9,118 VALLEY 82% 3

BOOST ECONOMIC SUCCESS The towns that make up Greater New Haven are economically interdependent. A majority of working residents leave their own towns to commute to jobs somewhere else in Greater New Haven or beyond. New Haven, Milford, North Haven, Branford and Orange have a net influx of workers, while other towns have fewer jobs than workers. The city of New Haven is the employment hub of the region, both in total jobs and number of high paying jobs. MOVEMENT TO WORK WITHIN GREATER A high-wage job is defined here as one paying $40,000 per year, or about $3,333 per month. This is considered a living-wage job based on regional cost of living. A job paying less than a living wage is considered low-wage. 15 91 95 Net change in number of workers within each geographic area (inflow minus outflow), by earnings level. Job growth has steadily increased since the economy s emergence from the 2008 2010 recession. Despite these gains, a significant portion of the population is underemployed and working in jobs that pay less than a living wage. Increasing education and raising skill levels are critical to both helping individuals access better jobs and to attracting more highwage jobs to the region. New Haven has 47% of the living-wage jobs in the region. 309,545 NUMBER OF JOBS LOW HIGH NET FLOW PLACE OF WORK INCOME INCOME TOTAL New Haven 3,791 32,934 36,725 Inner Ring 8,631 16, 795 25,426 Outer Ring 11,922 12,543 621 JOB TRENDS: GREATEST GAINS AND LOSSES, COUNTY, 2000 2014 306,194 WORKING POOR 69,609 Nationally, 84% of children in lowincome families lived with at least one working adult, but low wages and unstable jobs are often barriers to economic security. 58,958 55,052 43,910 52,502 45% of employed people in Greater New Haven have low-wage jobs. 23,445 31,292 27,414 of workers in Greater New Haven are underemployed, meaning that they are looking for work or are working part time but would prefer to work full time. The underemployment rate in low-income New Haven neighborhoods is 22%. 15,320 13,186 All Industries 1% Educational Services 20% Health Care and Social Assistance 18% Accommodation and Food Services 17% Finance and Insurance 9% 13,617 11,979 Construction 11% Manufacturing 43% 4

TRAVELING TO WORK In Greater New Haven, 76% of low-wage workers work in a different town from where they live including 31% who work outside of the Greater New Haven region entirely. Among low-wage workers who live in New Haven, 66% leave the city to commute to a different town typically to nearby suburbs such as Hamden, North Haven and Milford. Residents of suburban towns are particularly reliant on jobs located within the city center. Seventy percent of lowwage jobs and 80% of high-wage jobs located in New Haven are held by residents of other towns. The unemployment rate in Greater New Haven is 21% among residents who don t have access to a car, more than three times higher than the rate among those with access to a car (6%). MEET BASIC NEEDS More than one in ten people in Greater New Haven officially live in poverty, which is $15,730 per year for a family of two and $28,850 per year for a family of four. More than one quarter of residents live in low-income households, earning less than $47,000 per year for a family of four. Extreme income constraints put families at risk of going without food and lacking stable housing. Children are more likely to live in poor or low-income households than the general population. 27% of Greater New Haven residents live in low-income households; for children ages 0 5, this increases to 37%. CHANGING ECONOMY The total number of jobs is close to returning pre-recession levels, with most growth occurring in the health care and educational sectors. Manufacturing jobs in New Haven County, however, have declined by 43% since 2000, and now make up only a 10% share of total payroll in the area. 41% of all workers without four-year degrees report needing more education or training to advance in their careers. HOUSING COST BURDEN 44% of Greater New Haven s households spend more than the federally-recommended 30% of their income on housing costs. From 2005 to 2014, the number of households in New Haven County that were severely cost-burdened increased by 16%. PERCENT OF ADULTS WHO DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY FOR FOOD IN THE PAST YEAR, 2015 CONNECTICUT GREATER INNER RING OUTER RING VALLEY 12% 14% 22% 17% 7% 12% 5

PROVIDE QUALITY EDUCATION The growing sectors of the Greater New Haven economy depend on a highly educated workforce. Preparing students to succeed starts with early education through high school, and on to post-secondary education and college. EARLY EDUCATION AND PRESCHOOL For the past two decades, early education has been a priority for towns throughout Greater New Haven. While the resulting high participation rates are encouraging, affordability remains a problem for many families. Increasing access for subsidized early care for infant and toddlers is the next challenge. 72% of children ages 0 5 in Greater New Haven live in families where both parents work or are looking for work, up from 60% in 2000. The cost of early care and education programs increased by 14% from 2007 to 2012 statewide. Greater New Haven s preschool enrollment rate for children ages 3 4 is 59%, but affordability is a problem for many families. The preschool enrollment rate ranges from 47% in low-income neighborhoods in New Haven to 70% in outer ring suburbs. The greatest need is in infant and toddler care. The region has enough subsidized slots to serve only 31% of the infant and toddlers living in low-income households. ACHIEVEMENT AND OPPORTUNITY GAPS Disparities between students of color and white students in a variety of performance measures appear early and persist throughout school. Students of color in Greater New Haven are more than twice as likely to be chronically absent from school. Only one third of Greater New Haven students of color were proficient on the 2015 statewide standardized reading and math tests (the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium, or SBAC) as compared to 64% of white students. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION THROUGH COLLEGE COMPLETION, GREATER, 2008 AND 2012 4,000 4,034 3,000 2,000 74% ENROLLMENT RATE 3,001 89% PERSISTENCE RATE 2,659 47% ATTAINMENT RATE 201 1,000 1,805 2,006 0 GRADUATED HIGH SCHOOL ENROLLED IN COLLEGE WITHIN A YEAR PERSIST TO 2ND YEAR EARNED DEGREE IN 6 YEARS GRADUATED HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATE ENROLLED IN COLLEGE WITHIN A YEAR PERSIST TO 2ND YEAR PERSISTENCE RATE EARNED DEGREE IN 6 YEARS ATTAINMENT RATE Greater New Haven 4,034 84% 3,001 74% 2,659 89% 2,006 47% New Haven 958 75% 627 65% 493 79% 257 26% Inner Ring 918 81% 631 69% 542 86% 420 37% Outer Ring 2,158 92% 1,743 81% 1,624 93% 1,329 62% Valley 1,453 87% 1,042 72% 942 90% 586 43% 6

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION AND BEYOND Most jobs that pay more than minimum wage require a high school diploma, and a college degree is necessary for many of the higher-paying occupations. Seventy percent of the jobs in Connecticut are projected to require a post-secondary education by 2020. More than 80% of Greater New Haven high school graduates who attend state or community colleges are placed in remedial classes. OPPORTUNITY YOUTH AND CHRONIC ABSENTEEISM, 2014 NURTURE CHILDREN AND YOUTH Depending on where they live, youth in Greater New Haven have significantly different levels of access to opportunity. Overall, 63% of Greater New Haven youth under the age of 25 report having the education and training they need to advance in their careers. This drops to less than half for youth in New Haven. Young women are more likely to graduate high school on time and go on to earn a bachelor s degree than young men, but still face wage gaps throughout their careers. Youth living in areas of concentrated poverty have limited access to the educational resources and work opportunities of the region. YOUTH 16 19 NOT EMPLOYED OR IN SCHOOL STUDENTS CHRONICALLY ABSENT Connecticut 6% 11% Disconnected youth are those ages 16 19 who are neither in school nor working. They are more likely to never complete high school, face unemployment, and become involved in the criminal justice system. Greater New Haven 5% 15% New Haven 10% 25% of young people in Greater New Haven ages 16 24 are neither employed nor attending school. Inner Ring 3% 14% Outer Ring 3% 8% Valley 4% 10% ATTENDANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT Rates of chronic absenteeism vary by group. In Connecticut, a student is considered chronically absent if he or she misses more than 10% of school days. 21% of students of color in Greater New Haven were chronically absent in the 2013-14 school year. 7

ENSURE HEALTH & WELLNESS Greater New Haven is a relatively healthy region by national standards. Yet the positive indicators for the population as a whole mask vast differences between towns and neighborhoods. Health issues such as childhood asthma, early-onset diabetes and heart disease are concentrated in economically distressed neighborhoods. PRENATAL AND INFANT HEALTH Infant health is a key indicator of overall community-wide health. In the mid to late 1980s, there were 20 infant deaths per one thousand live births in New Haven and a rate of 31 deaths per one thousand live births for New Haven s African Americans. Work by New Haven Healthy Start and others have since helped to significantly lower infant mortality rates. Recent studies show rates of 7 deaths per one thousand live births in New Haven overall. However, disparities persist, with rates of low birthweight and very low birthweight in New Haven still significantly higher than rates in outer ring suburbs. ADULTS LACKING HEALTH INSURANCE % OF ADULTS 18+ WHO LACK INSURANCE 15% 12% 10% 8% 8% 6% VALLEY 5% CT 4% GNH 3% OUTER RING 3% INNER RING 10 5 0 LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, 3-YEAR AVERAGES 2012 2015 % OF LIVE BIRTHS BORN AT A LOW BIRTH WEIGHT 12 11% 9.0% 7.8% 2004 2008 2012 LIFE EXPECTANCY 8.8% 7.8% CT 7.6% GNH 10 8 6 NUTRITION, OBESITY AND DIABETES WITHIN GREATER, 2015 % OF ADULTS 11% 27% 8% 25% 48% 16% 24% 30% WHITE BLACK LATINO 10% 50% 40 30 20 10 0 YEARS 86 79.2 72.3 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 83.0 CT FEMALE 82.6 GNH FEMALE 81.2 US FEMALE 78.5 CT MALE 77.8 GNH MALE 76.5 US MALE 82 78 74 70 % OF ADULTS 36% 38% 32% 25% 17% 11% 8% 1% 4% UNDER $30,000 $30,000 $100,000 OVER $100,000 % FOOD INSECURE % OBESE % WITH DIABETES 40% 30 20 10 0 8

CHRONIC DISEASE AMONG YOUNGER ADULTS In low-income neighborhoods, adults are much more likely to be hospitalized for severe conditions such as heart disease and diabetes at an early age. The early onset of chronic diseases, linked to stressful conditions and barriers in access to nutrition, health care, exercise, and other resources, creates significant impacts on healthcare costs and quality of life. From 2012 to 2014, the rate of hospital encounters for diabetes was 282 per 10,000 adults ages 20 44 in New Haven and 192 per 10,000 in West Haven, as compared to 45 per 10,000 in Connecticut s nine wealthiest towns. Middle-aged adults in the state s four largest cities were more likely to be admitted to the hospital for heart disease than were seniors ages 65 74 in wealthy communities. HEART DISEASE INPATIENT HOSPITALIZATION RATE PER 10,000 RESIDENTS, AGE ADJUSTED, 2012 2014 RATES PER 10,000 RESIDENTS 80 TO 114 115 TO 139 140 TO 169 170 TO 199 200+ Inner Ring 177 Outer Ring 131 New Haven 249 169 GREATER 169 ENCOUNTER RATE 9

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT Clean air, land and water are fundamental to health and quality of life. An environment free of contaminants such as allergens, lead and toxic chemicals helps reduce and prevent disease and other health problems. Local air quality is as variable as the weather. It can change from day to day or even hour to hour. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection provides daily information about local air quality and health effects online (www.ct.gov/deep/aqi). Although water quality in Connecticut has improved greatly since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, pollution persists. The Quinnipiac, West and Mill Rivers all have sections that do not meet Clean Water Act goals of supporting aquatic life or recreation. Visit www.thequinnipiacriver.com for more information. Accessible clean parks and safe sidewalks are also part of a healthy environment because they are associated with physical activity and positive health outcomes. PERCEIVED ACCESS AND USE OF OUTDOOR RESOURCES SUPPORT ARTS & CULTURE Greater New Haven is home to a thriving arts community that includes theater, music, dance and the visual arts. It is invested in its libraries, museums, historic preservation and the celebration of ethnic and cultural diversity. The 2015 DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey found that area residents were more likely to use cultural or artistic resources than residents in other parts of the state. ARTS & CULTURE REGION/GROUP CT GNH VALLEY AREAS WITHIN GNH USE ARTS & CULTURAL RESOURCES 56% 66% 71% 1x = 2% of people Nearby parks or recreational facilities Public parks in good condition Stores & other Safe places locations in to bike walking distance 66% INNER RING 67% OUTER RING 76% CONNECTICUT INCOME WITHIN GNH GREATER UNDER $30,000 $30,000-$100,000 61% 73% OVER $100,000 84% AGE GROUPS WITHIN GNH INNER RING OUTER RING AGES 18-34 AGES 35-64 AGES 65-79 AGES 80-94 70% 75% 65% 61% VALLEY 10

PROMOTE CIVIC VITALITY By measures of self-reported well-being and engagement, Greater New Haven as a whole has high civic vitality. A different picture emerges, however, when examining data at the town and neighborhood level. The proportion of adults who do not agree that their neighbors can be trusted ranges from 5% in outer ring suburbs to more than 80% in low-income city neighborhoods. Annual library visits in Greater New Haven increased more than 20% between 2002 and 2015, and nearly 30% in New Haven. 94% of Greater New Haven adults reported having relatives or friends they can count on. Because local services are based on property tax, towns with higher property values have more available tax revenue to support schools, parks, libraries and other public resources than towns with less valuable property per capita. These differences are illustrated by municipal financial capacity. MUNICIPAL TAX SURPLUS PER CAPITA, 2015 Surplus is calculated as tax capacity per capita minus municipal cost per capita. Beacon Falls $-64 Woodbridge $+467 Oxford $+142 Bethany $+183 Naugatuck $-506 Hamden $-336 North Haven $+253 North Branford $+66 Guilford $+640 Seymour $-331 15 91 Madison $+1,144 Ansonia $-734 95 Derby $-632 Shelton $+128 Orange $+246 East Haven $-343 Branford $+320 Milford $-162 West Haven $-750 New Haven $-1,101 11

MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE: GREATER Looking at data to measure wellbeing in Greater New Haven shows us a region with resilient towns where people love to live and where residents are in good health. At the same time, it makes it clear that dramatic disparities exist between communities, such that not all residents can take advantage of the region s opportunities and resources. These differences demand the attention of everyone invested in the region s prosperity. It is also useful to look at trends of these measures. We find deep, lasting impacts of the Great Recession, where many families and children in the region are still recovering. We also get a sense of improvements and ways the composition of our region continues to change over time. For more detail on these and all measures in this document, see the full Greater New Haven Community Index 2016. The new Community Index, as well as a separate report that focuses on the Valley region, are both available on the DataHaven website (www.ctdatahaven.org). INDICATOR TRENDS IN GREATER AND, 1980 2015 1980 1990 2000 2004 2011 2012 2014 2015 A CHANGING POPULATION Share of population that is foreign born GREATER (GNH) 7% 12% TRENDING Share of population living in middle income neighborhoods GNH 59% 40% TRENDING Percentage of children (ages 0 17) living in low-income households GNH 28% 34% ECONOMIC SUCCESS Share of total jobs: educational services sector COUNTY Share of total jobs: manufacturing sector COUNTY Underemployment rate GNH 14% 17% 18% 10% 22% Underemployment rate CITY OF (NH) Food insecurity rate (lacked money for food in past 12 months) GNH Food insecurity rate NH 32% 20% 20% 14% 31% 22% EDUCATION AND YOUTH Four-year high school graduation rate GNH Four-year high school graduation rate NH 80% 64% 85% 75% Opportunity youth (ages 16 19 not in school or working) GNH Opportunity youth NH 4% 5% 7% 10% HEALTH AND WELLNESS Smoking rate GNH Low birthweight rate GNH Adults lacking health insurance GNH Adults lacking health insurance NH 17% 9% 8% 10% 15% 4% 8% ENVIRONMENT, CIVIC VITALITY, AND CULTURE % of adults who agree there are safe places to bicycle GNH % of adults who agree there are safe places to bicycle NH % of adults who report trusting neighbors GNH % of adults who report trusting neighbors NH 62% 67% 58% 73% 78% 83% 58% 62% 12