CHAPTER 3 REVIEW
STARTING POINT The modernization of Quebec was a long process that took many years. This period was marked by the Quiet Revolution. Between 1945 and 1980, Quebec underwent a number of profound changes. Shift from Church to the State Development of territory to harness hydro electric potential Social services, promotion of economic growth, openness to the world (pg. 204)
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE! 1. What was the political, economic and social situation in Quebec during the post-war period and the Quiet Revolution? 2. How do you explain the evolution of Quebec society s customs and values, at a time when the province s institutions and the role of the state were undergoing significant change? If you can answer these questions in your own words, you ll be in good shape for the upcoming test!
POWER Duplessis government (1936-1939, 1944-1959) Supported provincial autonomy, anti-unionism and social conservatism. Influence of the Catholic Church. Lesage government (1960-1966) The birth of modernization, commitment to reform and social change. Strengthened the role of the State, became more interventionist. Johnson government (1966-1970) Bourassa government (1970-1976) Ambitious commitment to economic development. Challenging events at the beginning of its mandate (FLQ, October Crisis, union standoff, and an oil shortage). Levesque government (1976-1980) First government committed to Quebec s sovereignty.
TERRITORY The 1960s was a time of change and growth. Development of urban agglomeration. Emergence of the suburbs (Can you explain the Pros & Cons?) 1978, the Levesque government adopted the Act Respecting the Preservation of Agricultural Land. Territory was divided into zones, with land being reserved for agricultural purposes. Why was this important? Hydroelectric development transformed the territory. Who/Which political party is responsible for Hydroelectric development? If you can answer the questions in your own words, you ll be in good shape for the upcoming test!
ECONOMY After WWII, the Western world underwent a 30 year period of economic prosperity, with the federal government intervening more frequently in the economy. Each government contributed to the economic system in their own way: Duplessi gov. advocated economic liberalism, took measures to modernize agriculture. Lesage gov. nationalized the majority of electric companies and merged them with Hydro-Quebec. Bourassa gov. announced the development of the hydroelectric potential of Baie-James (1971). Increased buying power, advertising and American culture continually influenced Quebecers and led to more spending and bolstered the economy. In the 1960s Quebec s economic growth was based on public investment, housing construction and modernization of manufacturing. The end of the 1970s saw an economic downturn (Why? What was happening?).
SOCIETY Quebec society undergoes MANY changes following the Second World War. The emergence of a consumer culture (how does this tie in with economy?) The Baby Boom (immediately after the War), and then the decline in birth rate in the 1960s (why does the birthrate drop? Can you give 2-3 examples?) Immigration policies (1976: Immigration Act expanded eligibility criteria and 1978, with Quebec s agreement with Ottawa allowing for immigrant selection and admitting numbers) (How do these immigration policies change Quebec? Do they affect us today?). The 1970s: the October Crisis and the common front of three major labour unions (What were these crises? Can you explain them in your own words?) The 1976 election of the Parti Quebecois (a sovereigntist party) and the 1977 adoption of the Charter of the French Language (why did these events worry Anglophone Quebecers?) Indigenous nations Still a target for assimilation, subject to policies reflecting this. Residential schools opened in Quebec following the Second World War. Indigenous people sought to address their claims and defend their rights (how did they seek to do this? The Inuit and Cree people signed the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (When? What did it mean for both parties?) and the Naskapi signed the Northeaster Quebec Agreement (When? What did this mean for both parties?). If you can answer the questions in your own words, you ll be in good shape for the upcoming test!
CULTURE Starting in the 1960s, Quebec nationalism transformed, and became known as neo-nationalism (In your own words, what is neo-nationalism?). Quebec was increasingly influenced by American culture during the post-war years (what did this mean for the economy and Quebec society?) During the 1960s, attitudes towards traditional values changed and were challenged (Why and how?). During the 1960s and 1970s, Quebecois culture underwent a period of vitality, with artists taking a increasingly strong position on social questions/issues and Quebec s political future (How did these artists use their platform to address these issues? Why is this important?) Immigration laws passed which helped foster cultural diversity in Quebec (How and why? How do these changes effect us now?) Multiple laws were passed in order to protect the French language: 1969: the Act to Promote French Language in Quebec (Bill 63) 1974: the Official Language Act (Bill 22) 1977: the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101) TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: How do these law impact our lives today? How do they connect with neonationalism and the preservation of the French language in Quebec?
TIPS TO REMEMBER START YOUR REVIEW EARLY DO NOT LEAVE IT TO THE LAST MINUTE! Do not rush through the test! Take your time, read all the questions (study all the documents) and breathe! Take the time to read each question and answer as clearly as possible. If you cannot remember the exact date, get as close as you can (ex: many crises occurred in the early 1970s that required the Bourassa government s attention ) Look for ways to connect themes together this will strengthen your answers and boost your grade. If happens, then happens This is a formula for success! What historical events can you directly link together, what impact do these events have on us presently? This critical thinking will help you on this test and future ones!