World War I 1914-1918 MAIN Causes: Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism Extreme Nationalism
Militarism: Arms Race General Staffs and Plans of Mobilization and Attack Von Schlieffen Plan Tannenburg Army and Navy size doubled from 1870-1914 Dreadnaught Battleships
Alliances in Europe 1914 A Precarious Balance France England Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente Triple Alliance
Imperialism Desire and competition for colonies Ottoman Empire Weakens Serbia gains independence B.8.1-4
Nationalism Franco-Prussian War Alsace-Lorraine Pan-Slavism
The Black Hand Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian national June 1914
Germany attacks France by going through neutral Belgium B.8.1-4 Click here for video
Vulture Nations Japan Italy They hang around and eat the scraps for other people s battles First Battle of the Marne. First example of total war Taxi cabs used to move soldiers B.8.1-4
The Schlieffen Plan Germany s strategy to win World War I estern Front Eastern Front VERDUN a key battle 10 months and 1,000,000 killed.
January 1915, First German zeppelin air raid on England.
April 22-May 5, 1915 Second Battle of Ypres. First use of chemical weapons. First use of chemical weapons.
The Eastern Front Russia vs Central Powers Allies attack at Gallipoli to take control of the strategic Dardanelles - 1915
Battle of Jutland (May-June 1916) Both sides claimed victory. The British had lost more ships and many more sailors, but Germany s plan of destroying British navy power had failed. For the remainder of the war, the German High Seas Fleet stayed in port. They continued to pose a threat that required the British to keep their battleships concentrated in the North Sea, but they never again contested control of the seas. Instead, the German Navy turned its efforts and resources to unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917 Treaty of Brest Litovsk: Russia Withdraws from the War Serbia England France Italy* Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire United States Enters The War Serbia England France Italy* United States B.8.1-4 Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire
U.S. Enters the War in 1917 CAUSES FOR THE U.S. ONLY: Sinking of Lusitania In 1917, the United States entered the war on the Allies side. Unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans led the U.S. to declare war on the Central Powers. U.S. entry into the war turned the tide for the Allies. Zimmerman Note
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By 1917, with Russia out of the war, Germany could devote all of her troops and resources to the Western Front. At 11:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918 a truce (armistice) ending World War I was signed and this horrible war was over.
Effects World War 1
New Weapons / Technology Submarines Huge artillery guns Tanks Poison/nerve gas Airplanes Dirigibles B.8.1-4
Total War: All facets of the economy are mobilized for war, a single battle would no longer determine the outcome of war, but the whole will of the people would have to be broken. Children collect metal for recycling Colonies supply soldiers Rationing occurs Propaganda used Soldiers are drafted (Germany 16 to 60) Government control of industry (planning boards and quotas, wage and price controls)
The Home Front: Women enter workforce (bobbed hair, dangerous work) Middle and Upper class women gained more than poor Rights are suspended Propaganda Click here for Propaganda
World War I Effects Loss of millions of lives Europe devastated economically and physically Collapse of empires Emergence of U.S. as a growing world power Unrest and instability in Europe Economic depression Genocide of Armenians in Ottoman Empire Wilson s 14 Points Treaty of Versailles League of Nations First modern use of chemical weapons Communist Revolution in Russia Mandate System/Self-determination Creation of many new nations in Europe
Treaty of Versailles A failed Peace Massive loss of life Isolationism (USA) League of Nations In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. B.8.1-4