Automated Border Control systems as part of e-border crossing process Prepared by: Dmitry O. Gorodnichy Canada Border Services Agency 14 Colonnade Road, 2nd Floor Ottawa, Ontario S. Eastwood, V. Shmerko, S.Yanushkevich University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary, Alberta Scientific Authority: Paul Hubbard DRDC Centre for Security Science 613-992-0595 Contract#CSSP-2013-CP-1020 The scientific or technical validity of this Report is entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of the Department of National Defence of Canada. Defence Research and Development Canada DRDC-RDDC-2015-C056 January 2015
IMPORTANT INFORMATIVE STATEMENTS Risk analysis of face and iris biometrics in automated border control applications CSSP-2013-CP-1020 was supported by the Canadian Safety and Security Program which is led by Defence Research and Development Canada s Centre for Security Science, in partnership with Public Safety Canada. The project was led by Canada Border Services Agency in partnership with University of Calgary. Canadian Safety and Security Program is a federally-funded program to strengthen Canada s ability to anticipate, prevent/mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from natural disasters, serious accidents, crime and terrorism through the convergence of science and technology with policy, operations and intelligence. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2015 Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2015
Science and Engineering Directorate Applied Research and Development Division
Traveller Pre-screening Assign a risk score to a traveller based on the information available about the traveller prior to travel (credit, criminal history, etc) The initial data is provided by the traveller when buying the ticket. Examples: US (>2000): Computer- Assisted Passenger Prescreening System CAPPS, CAPPS-II, Secure Flight. EU, UK (>2004): European External Border Surveillance System EUROSUR, SEMAPHORE Three-lane (three-level) risk-based processing Divide travelers into defined risk categories: Fast clearance of for low-risk travellers ( green lane ). Fast referral to secondary inspection for highrisk travellers ( red lane ). Main clearance effort is on travellers of unknown risk ( yellow lane ). Division into lanes can be topological or logistical, either accelerated by traveller s involvement or not. Examples: - Single physical lane: widely used at passport control as triaging-based questions - One or two physical lanes: RTP programs - Three physical lanes: TSA Diamond (by traveller s choice) - Two physical lanes: APC/ABC kiosks (by traveller s choice, according to citizenship) Non-automated behavioural screening (No technology used. Based on human skill only) Trained Officers attempt to recognize terrorists and persons with aggressive intentions among travelers by visual observation. Examples: Israel, Russia. US (since 2003): Screening Passengers by Observation Technique (SPOT), DARPA HumanID project Automated behaviour screening (Evolved from lie and emotion detection) Detect hidden human intentions through fusion of multi-modal and multi-band biometrics combined with AI decision making dialog tools Examples: US (2006): FAST US,EU (2013): AVATAR kiosks Intelligent Queuing Delegate the upstream border control to machines, and the downstream control to border officers Examples: US, Canada: Deployed in Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto, and Chicago International Airports using selfservice automated passport / border clearance (APC/ABC) kiosks Biometric-enabled traveller clearance (aka ABC) Person-interaction device with decision making mechanism automates traveller clearance through biometric authentication and risk assessment. Automates two tasks: -Traveller authentication (identifying a person) - Traveller clearance (deciding to refer the identified person to Exit or to manual Examination) Gen-1 ABC: RTP-based (since 2002) Examples: UK: IRIS. Netherland: PREVIUM. Canada: NEXUS. Gen-2 ABC: eid/ epassport based (since 2006) Examples: EU, Australia Gen-3 ABC: future machine of eborder (2020)