Chapter 30 Take-Home Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What impact did Europeans have on African health care? a. European diseases decimated the African population. b. European colonists neglected African health care in order to weaken the population. c. Although they claimed to improve it, colonialism usually worsened health care. d. African health care improved across the board due to European intervention. e. European universities gave free scholarships to Africans wishing to study medicine. 2. Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because a. they did not disrupt African culture. b. Africans were willing to abandon Islam. c. they established mission schools. d. they could be adapted to African needs. e. missionaries gave fifty pounds sterling to new converts. 3. Christianity was most successful in what parts of Africa? a. The interior. b. North and East Africa. c. Coastal Africa. d. West and South Africa. e. sub-saharan Africa. 4. In 1912, the African National Congress was founded by a. Western-educated lawyers and journalists. b. tribal kings and princes. c. Haile Selassie. d. disgruntled ex-military officers. e. Jomo Kenyatta. 5. A notable example in the overthrow of colonialism in Africa was Haile Salassie's victory over a. France. b. Britain. c. Belgium. d. Italy. e. Germany. 6. World War II was most important for African independence movements because a. the German colonies were destroyed during the war. b. many Africans served in Allied armies and returned with radical new ideas. c. Africans listened closely to German propaganda. d. Africans liberated their countries during the war. e. colonialism was exposed as a corrupt practice. 7. Which of the following was NOT one of Blaise Diagne's accomplishments? a. He was the first African elected to the French National Assembly. b. He helped recruit Africans into the French army in exchange for the promise of citizenship after the war. c. He led a postwar movement to abolish forced labor in Africa. d. He agitated for African participation in politics. e. He overthrew the German occupation in the Trans-vaal region. 8. Significant economic stressors on India in the early twentieth century included which of the following? a. Drought b. Deforestation c. Land shortage for individual use d. Urbanization and limited jobs e. All of these 9. Among the many languages of India, the educated middle class communicated in a. Urdu. b. Tamil. c. Hindi. d. Sanskrit. e. English. 10. Who constituted the majority of the Indian Civil Service? a. Western educated Hindus. b. men from the English gentry. c. an equal mix of Hindu and Muslim appointees. d. Maharajahs. e. none of these.
11. The British in India took which attitude regarding industrialization there? a. Encouragement of infrastructure projects, but discouraged productive industries. b. actively encouraged Indian industrialization to promote self-government. c. deliberately hindered development of technology to keep Indians subservient and dependent. d. Altruistically limited growth to prevent social unrest. e. none of these. 12. Significant internal conflict was found in India among which two groups? a. Bengalis and Mughals b. Hindus and Muslims c. Calcuttese and Delhians d. Shudra and Brahmin castes e. Tamir and Pakastani 13. To protest Hindu dominance of India, Indian Muslims formed a group called the a. Knights Templar. b. Young Turks. c. Islamic National League. d. International League of Peace and Freedom. e. All-India Muslim League. 14. What political event in 1911 had raised political consciousness in India? a. Partitioning of Pakistan. b. British transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi c. Appointment of a Muslim prince to the position of Vice-Roy. d. Granting the right to vote to Hindus but not Muslims. e. British punishment of traditional honor killings. 15. When the growth of technology threatened the British monopoly in India, Britain responded by a. limiting access to technology and training to "spare" the Indians the social upheavals Britain had experienced in the nineteenth century. b. bringing educated Indians in as limited partners in trade. c. signing a free-trade agreement with the rajas. d. deposing obstreperous princes and putting in puppet rulers. e. blocking the advancement of Indian entrepreneurs through the civil service exams. 16. Indian nationalists during World War I supported Britain enthusiastically and a. wished to remain a colony forever. b. rebelled against German institutions in India. c. sent aid to help support Germany. d. expected that India would be granted independence after the war. e. received independence immediately as a result. 17. Mohandas Gandhi was known to his followers as Mahatma, or a. "the great soul." b. "blessed one." c. "fearless leader." d. "the path to freedom." e. "the leader." 18. Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included a. terrorist plans to bomb civilian locations. b. democratic reforms through legislation and lobbying. c. nonviolence d. the vote for women. e. guerilla tactics. 19. One of the major incidents that sparked an Indian nationalist movement was a. Lord Curzon's unilateral decision to divide Bengal into two provinces. b. the arrest of Gandhi. c. British troops storming the Jamshedpur factories. d. insistence by the British that Muslim regions learn English. e. taxation of Hindu and Muslim houses of worship to support the British colonial administration. 20. Gandhi protested British violence and policies by a. fighting. b. fasting. c. leaving India. d. extensive writing and newspaper ads. e. None of these 21. One of Gandhi's significant public relations gestures was a. to give up his western attire. b. to sit cross-legged on the floor with the "untouchables" c. making a long walk to the beach to collect salt in protest of the British monopoly. d. setting fire to British textile factories to promote traditional handcrafted spinning. e. building an adobe wall through Bengal territory.
22. During the 1920s, the British in India a. repressed any attempts at Indian nationalism. b. made concessions only within the Indian Civil Service. c. began to withdraw military support. d. slowly gave Indians control over "national areas" such as education and the economy. e. brought jazz and "bath tub" gin into popularity. 23. Which Indian leader supported full industrialization? a. Mahatma Gandhi. b. Jawaharlal Nehru c. Muhammad Ali Jinnah d. Indira Gandhi e. Pramatha Nath Bose 24. When Indians revolted against colonial authorities at the beginning of World War II, the British government a. offered India its independence after the war. b. used troops to repress the revolts. c. closed the Indian National Congress. d. arrested thousands of demonstrators. e. All of these 25. The British finally recognized Indian independence in 1947 with a. a partitioning of the subcontinent into speakers of Urdu and Tamil. b. a partitioning of India into Pakistan and India. c. separation of Kashmir from Mongolia. d. the British maintaining favored-nation status for cotton and tea exports. e. Gandhi elected as president. 26. What event turned Pakistan and India into bitter enemies in the 20 th century? a. Expulsion of Hindus from Bengal b. The annexation of Kashmir c. the assassination of Gandhi d. the formation of the All-India Muslim League e. Pakistan sided with Japan during World War II 27. Hindering Latin American development was the fact that Latin American countries a. were economically dependent on the United States and Britain. b. had achieved independence in the nineteenth century but had not industrialized. c. were torn by class divisions of indigenous elites versus European-born people. d. had significantly different evolutions. e. All of these 28. One reason for the impoverishment of the Mexican peasantry was a. loss of land to the Mexican and American elites. b. inability to afford railroad access. c. lack of educational opportunities. d. refusal to convert to Catholicism and be part of the network. e. lack of raw materials for infrastructure. 29. The motto of General Porfirio Diaz during his thirty-four years of rule was a. "Might makes right." b. "Liberty, equality, fraternity." c. "Liberty, order, progress." d. "Mexico for Mexicans." e. "We must work harder." 30. Who were the Constitutionalists in Mexico? a. Peasant farmers forced off the land b. Middle-class and industrial workers c. Wealthy landowners who had supported the Junta Central d. Zapatistas e. Supporters of Diaz 31. What did Emiliano Zapata do with the land he seized? a. Sold it and used it to purchase guns b. Started building forts c. Returned it to the Indian villages d. Declared it a separate nation e. Drilled for oil 32. Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Constitutionalists eventually won control in Mexico? a. They had more soldiers than Zapata and Villa. b. They defeated and killed Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa. c. They controlled oil exports. d. They used the profits from oil to buy weapons. e. They adopted many agrarian and social reforms. 33. The Mexican Revolution produced an "explosion" of creativity, for example, the a. paintings of Frida Kahlo. b. sculpture of Pablo Picasso. c. novels of Salmon Rushdie. d. poetry of Keats. e. dance of Twyla Tharp. 34. The National Revolutionary Party (PNR) in 1928 in Mexico a. began a series of coups and assassinations. b. was similar to fascist parties in Europe. c. created a forum for labor, peasants, and business. d. was very rigid and uncompromising. e. Both A and B
35. Although very popular, the revolutions by Zapata and Villa were hindered by what? a. the inability to form a national revolution. b. their basis in the peasantry and lower classes alienated the Constitutionalists. c. they had no significant resources to stage a long-lasting fight. d. lack of support by the Catholic factions. e. their lack of technology and mobility. 36. What was NOT promised in the Mexican Constitution of 1917? a. a one year presidency. b. Restrictions on foreign ownership of property c. universal suffrage. d. End of debt peonage e. Free education from the Catholic church. 37. Argentina's government represented the interests of the oligarquia, which was a. a brotherhood of unions. b. a small group of wealthy landowners. c. a large group of middle-class professionals. d. the military high command. e. the priesthood. 41. Vargas's policy of industrialization of Brazil was called a. "demand side" economics. b. "supply side" economics. c. decreasing returns to scale. d. mercantilism. e. None of these 42. A consequence of the industrialization of Brazil was a. invasion by the United States. b. overproduction of goods. c. price inflation. d. deforestation. e. all of these. 43. The mass encampments of the poor in Brazil were called a. barrios b. shantytowns. c. favelas d. "proletariat plantations" e. "Vargas-ville" 44. In Argentina, Juan Perón was elected president in 1946 with the help of his a. secret police force, the "grey shirts." b. wife, Eva Perón. c. charm and personality. d. message of peace and equality. e. None of these 38. Both Argentina and Brazil had a. large, docile middle classes. b. a small but outspoken middle class. c. no middle class. d. a classless society. e. a feudal aristocracy. 39. After World War I, radio communication in Latin America was controlled by a. a cartel of U.S., British, French, and German companies. b. OPEC. c. the Mexican Parliament. d. the Cuban Communist party. e. a Latin American conglomerate, UNESCO. 40. The Depression of 1929 a. had far less impact on Argentina and Brazil than it had on Europe or the United States. b. was not the turning point that the First and Second World Wars were. c. caused Argentina and Brazil to veer toward authoritarian regimes. d. impacted Argentina but had almost no effect on Brazil. e. caused economic devastation that has still not been reversed.