Chapter 5 Toward Independence: Years of Decision Salutary Neglect would give way to imperial authority! Problems Begin colonial troops treated poorly governors shared power army in peacetime Distance 1762 Revenue Act 1763 Proclamation Act Tax Policies In Britain tariffs tobacco, sugar excise taxes salt, alcohol strict enforcement too much bureaucracy?! TAX COLONIES????? 1
George Grenville Am. revenue 1764 Currency Act 1764 Sugar Act smuggling John Adams degrading 1765 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act pay for troops Franklin representation? Grenville fair and just tax Quartering Act ignored vice-admiralty courts Results of Grenville s Policies little regard for local assemblies provoke a confrontation Protests Patrick Henry VA condemned Stamp Act no taxation without representation Grenville - virtual representation Stamp Act Congress 1765 9 colonies Stamp Act Resolves ignored by Britain nonimportation - boycotts 2
mob protests resignations Sons of Liberty Boston tar and feather effigies attacked governor s house Hancock, S. Adams other cities Ideological Roots English common law Enlightenment Locke Montesquieu English Whigs Results Stamp agents resigned nonimportation hurt Britain Act repealed 1766 Declaratory Act - 1766 London yields to mob action NY - statue of King George New Prime Minister Pitt to take over, but was too ill Charles Townshend 1767 Townshend Acts tax paper, paint, glass, tea tea tax hated pay governor salaries 1767 NY Restraining Act More Protests external vs. internal taxes John Dickinson Letters without consent nonimportation Sons of Liberty harassed merchants 3
Daughters of Liberty homespun cloth support nonimportation 1000s of women British Response 4000 troops to Boston Gen Thomas Gage Whig Support John Wilkes supported colonies viewed as radical British Troop Deployments in Colonies Lord North British economy struggling nonimportation working 4
Boston Massacre North convinced Parliament to repeal Townshend taxes colonists forced Parliament to give in TWICE! March 5, 1770 John Adams defended troops Results of Massacre anti-british propaganda more fear of standing army June 1772 Gaspee Incident British customs ship colonists looted, burned the ship Committees of Correspondence Samuel Adams Nov. 1772 Boston Penman of the Revolution 80 other towns spread to other colonies VA House of Burgesses 5
Tea 1773 Tea Act British East India Co. cheaper tea still a tax! Boston Tea Party Dec. 16, 1773 Coercive Acts Intolerable Acts - 1774 Port Act Government Act Quartering Act Justice Act Quebec Act colonies sent supplies flags at half-mast Adams sense of unity Continental Congress Sept. 1774 12 colonies (no GA) 55 delegates Declaration of Rights and Grievances Association Pitt fought for recognition of Congress Demands ignored Congress illegal assembly Gage to suppress dissent in MA 6
Impact on Colonies boycott violators tar and feathered militia training muskets / gunpowder collected urban movement becomes rural Loyalists middle colonies PA, NY, NJ prominent lawyers Anglican clergy royal officials Revolution! minutemen trained MA House met Britain MA in open rebellion Gage ordered to take action April 19, 1775 Gage 700 troops seize supplies at Concord seize Hancock and S. Adams Paul Revere 7
Killing Starts Lexington 8 colonists killed massacre Concord British forced to retreat deadly retreat 300 casualties, 73 dead colonists 49 dead, 39 wounded Lexington, Massachusetts Shot Heard round the World! Concord, Massachusetts 2 nd Continental Congress 13 colonies Washington lead army Dickinson moderates Patriots Causes & Necessities of Taking up Arms Battle of Bunker Hill May 1775 Allen, Arnold captured supplies in NY June 1775 Breed s Hill colonists out of gunpowder Olive Branch Petition 8
Invasion of Canada 14th colony Benedict Arnold wounded Richard Montgomery killed Death of Joseph Warren Common Sense Jan. 1776 British burned Norfolk Mar. 1776 - British evacuate Boston June 1776 Patriots win at Charleston Harbor Thomas Paine 1776 call for independence republican gov t 9
Declaration of Independence Richard Henry Lee June 1776 Thomas Jefferson tyranny of King George natural rights July 4, 1776 10