Presidents Adams and Jefferson Mr. Baker - Humane Letters I
Reading Quiz 1.What was the Sedition Act and why was it controversial? 2.Briefly describe the XYZ Affair. 3.Who won the election of 1796 4.Who does Billy Budd tell about the incident at night? 5.What effect has Billy Bud had on Claggart by the end of last night's reading? Bonus: Melville compares Claggart to the man of sorrows. Who is this man?
The Election of 1796 John Adams (Federalist) 71 votes his rotundity pro- British Monarchist Thomas Jefferson (Republican) 68 votes French-loving atheist and War monger
John Adams 1st and 2nd Continental Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances Massachusetts State Constitution Helped write the Declaration 80 committee assignments during war Rep USA in England, France Holland Negotiated peace treaty with England
The Cabinet Big Mistake: keeping Washington'c cabinet These men are working for Hamilton
France and Adams The Directory takes power in 1795 Jay's Treaty upsets them They plunder 300 American ships before Adams is inaugurated in 1797 James Monroe called home Republican
The XYZ Affair Adams ignores calls for war, sends delegation to Paris French Foreign Minister is Talleyrand would not see them personally French secret agents say there will be no talks unless the US apoligizes for Adam's speech, a loan of $10 million is paid to France; Talleyrand would get a $250,000 bribe No, no, not a sixpence. Millions for defence, but not one cent for tribute.
Naval War with France War seems likely Washington is called back to lead the Army Navy department created by congress Treaty with France renounced 1798-1800 a state of war exists on the seas 80 French ships captured Talleyrand backs down
Napoleon to Power 1799 Napoleon overthrows the Directory He wants to conquer Europe- he wants peace with America- and he gets it Adams sends peace commission to Paris and they are successful; the war ends
James Callender Hired by Jefferson Exposes Hamilton's Indiscretions in 1797 Maria Reynolds Prison Revenge
Alien and Sedition Acts Die hard faction politics Jefferson, as VP, actively schemes to embarras Adams The Callender Pamphlet Adams angers both sides - tries to work with Jefferson A series of laws passed by the federalists that were designed to silence the Republicsns The Naturalization Act The Alien Act The Alien Enemies Act The Sedition Act The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions -The states should be able to decided when Congress oversteps its bounds - Nullification
The Election of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson The Burr Mistake To the House (in DC now) Jefferson is made president Last election the Federalists will come close to winning Adams and Jefferson in death
Midnight Judges Jefferson/Burr 73 votes Adams 65, Pinckney 64 Election thrown to the House (35 ballots) Judiciary Act of 1801 Midnight Judges John Marshall made Chief Justice
Jefferson's First Term Jefferson was President of a shaprly divided country The Federalists feared he might start a French Revolution in America He has a very successful first term He unites the country and works with the Federalists First President inaugurated in D.C. D.C is an uncomfortable ghost town
Marbury V. Madison (1803) establishes judicial review William Marbury, a federalist, appointed justice of the peace in D.C. James Madison will not deliver the commission John Marshal's brilliant move Marshal both avoids conflict with the congress, AND establishes Court power
The Barbary Pirates
Reading Quiz 1.Why was the French occupation of New Orleans a problem for American traders? 2.Why did Napoleon suddenly want to sell Louisiana? 3.What is Meriwether Lewis famous for? 4.Who killed Alexander Hamilton? 5.Who won the election of 1804? Bonus: Who was James Wilkinson and why is he famous?
Buying Louisianna Jefferson was a strict constructionist He also was frugal Napoleon takes Louisianna from Spain through persuasion The French ignore Pickney's Treaty no freedom of navigation or right to deposit New Orleans become a toll gate
Negotiations in Paris Jefferson sends James Monroe to negotiate for New Orleans Congress is willing to spend up to $10 million
War in Haiti 500,000 slaves on Haiti They revolt during the French Revolution Toussaint takes over Napoleon sends 25,000 troops to Haiti Disaster for the French military defeat and yellow fever
Louisiana, USA If Napoleon can not control Haiti, how will he control Louisianna? Monroe and Livingston receive a remarkable offer all of Louisianna A daring decision $15 million Jefferson's decision! bold and against his politics An American governor in New Orleans within a year Federalist argue for strict construction!
Lewis and Clarke
Federalist Fears New England will become marginalized Secession Talk (Essex Junto) Scheming with Aaron Burr to join NE to NY Burr kills Hamilton in 1804 The 12th Ammendment Jefferson defeats Pinckney in 1804 first landslide victory