LESSON 1 FOUNDING DOCUMENTS TREASURE HUNT OVERVIEW Stuents will trace the origins of some of the funamental principles an ieals foun in the Declaration of Inepenence an the Constitution of the Unite States. They will examine the Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, the English Bill of Rights, an the Articles of Confeeration. PROCEDURE 1. Distribute the hanouts Magna Carta, The Mayflower Compact, The English Bill of Rights, an The Articles of Confeeration. Discuss each ocument s context an importance. Then have stuents rea the ocuments. Ask them if they recognize any familiar phrases an ieas. (Stuents shoul recognize phrases from the Declaration of Inepenence an the U.S. Constitution an its amenments.) 2. Organize stuents in pairs, an istribute the hanout Founing Documents Treasure Hunt to each pair. Review with stuents the irections for completing the activity. 3. Allow stuents to use the rest of the class perio to complete the activity. Encourage them to use ictionaries to look up wors for which they o not know the meanings. Assist stuents having ifficulty. (The correct answers can be foun in the Answer Key on page 13.) 4. For closure, ask stuents to provie phrases from these ocuments that are also foun in the later important ocuments of the Unite States the Declaration of Inepenence an the U.S. Constitution. Ask stuents if they foun any ifferences between the ocuments an the U.S. Constitution. (See numbers 10, 14, an 22.) AND CASE STUDIES SIMULATIONS PLANNING Correlation: Unit 1, Chapters 1 an 2 Time recommene: One class perio To exten the activity for a perio of 90 minutes, have stuents iscuss the ifferences between the Constitution an the other ocuments, an reasons for the ifferences. OBJECTIVES Trace the origins of some of the principles an ieals foun in the Declaration of Inepenence an the U.S. Constitution Develop critical thinking skills MATERIALS Stuent Hanout: Magna Carta Stuent Hanout: The Mayflower Compact Stuent Hanout: The English Bill of Rights Stuent Hanout: The Articles of Confeeration Stuent Hanout: Founing Documents Treasure Hunt Dictionaries Block Scheuling Option LESSON 1 1
MAGNA CARTA More than 700 years have passe since that moment in 1215 when a group of English barons, who were etermine to limit the king s power, force King John to sign Magna Carta. This ocument is cherishe not only in Englan but by people everywhere who believe that only uner law can people be truly free. In Magna Carta, or Great Charter, the king agree to certain limitations on his powers. Although the ocument i not protect the common people, it represents a milestone in the history of human rights, for it serve as a preceent for the growth of constitutional government. Evience of how greatly American thinking was influence by this ocument is reveale in the ocument s provisions for ue process of law, freeom of movement, an taxation only with the consent of the legislature. June 15, 1215 John, by the grace of Go, King of Englan, Lor of Irelan, Duke of Normany an Aquitaine, an Earl of Anjou: to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciaries [royal juicial officers], foresters, sheriffs, governors, officers, an to all bailiffs [sheriff s eputies], an his faithful subjects Greeting. Know ye, that we, the in the presence of Go,... have confirme [given assurance], for us an our heirs forever: 1. That the English Church shall be free, an shall have her whole rights an her liberties inviolable [safe from suen change];... We have also grante to all the freemen of our kingom, for us an our heirs forever, all the unerwritten liberties, to be enjoye an hel by them an by their heirs, from us an from our heirs.... 12. No scutage [tax for military purposes] nor ai shall be impose in our kingom, unless by the common council of our kingom; excepting to reeem [ransom] our person, to make our elest son a knight, an once to marry our elest aughter, an not for these unless a reasonable ai shall be emane.... 14. An also to have the common council of the kingom, we will cause to be summone the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, an great barons, iniviually by our letters.... 38. No bailiff, for the future, shall put any man to his law upon his own simple affirmation, without creible witnesses prouce for that purpose. 39. No freeman shall be seize, imprisone, ispossesse [eprive of his lan], outlawe, or exile, or in any way estroye; nor will we procee against or prosecute him except by the lawful jugment of his peers [equals], or by the law of the lan. 40. To none will we sell, to none will we eny, to none will we elay right or justice. Aapte introuction to Magna Carta from Living American Documents, selecte an eite by Isiore Starr, Lewis Paul To an Merle Curti. Copyright 1971, 1961 by Harcourt Brace & Company. Reprinte by permission of Harcourt, Inc. (continue) 2 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
41. All merchants shall have safety an security in coming into Englan, an going out of Englan, an in staying in an traveling through Englan, as well by lan as by water to buy an sell, without any unjust exactions [emans], accoring to ancient an right customs, excepting in the time of war, an if they be of a country at war against us; an if such are foun in our lan at the beginning of a war, they shall be apprehene [arreste] without injury to their boies an goos until it be known to us or to our Chief Justiciary how the merchants of our country are treate who are foun in the country at war against us; an if ours be in safety there, the others shall be in safety in our lan. 42. It shall be lawful to any person, for the future, to go out of our kingom, an to return, safely an securely by lan or by water, saving [preserving] his allegiance to us, unless it be in time of war, for some short space, for the common goo of the kingom.... 60. Also all these customs an liberties aforesai, which we have grante to be hel in our kingom, for so much of it as belongs to us, all our subjects, as well clergy as laity [nonclergy, or laymen], shall observe towar their tenants as far as concerns them.... 63. Wherefore our will is, an we firmly comman that the Church of Englan be free, an that the men in our kingom have an hol the aforesai liberties, rights, an concessions, well an in peace, freely an quietly, fully an entirely, to them an their heirs, of us an our heirs, in all things an places forever, as is aforesai. It is also sworn, both on our part an on that of the barons, that all the aforesai shall be observe in goo faith an without any evil intention.... Given by our han in the meaow which is calle Runnymee, between Winsor an Staines, this 15th ay of June, in the 17th year of our reign. LESSON 1 3
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT On November 11, 1620, the storm-battere ship carrying the Pilgrims to the lonely shores of North America roppe anchor in the waters of what is now Provincetown Harbor. The Mayflower was far off its course, an the Pilgrims ha no legal right to settle in New Englan or to establish a government. But winter was close at han, an the colony ha to be starte. Face with the nee for action, the Pilgrim leaers rafte the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact became an important lanmark along the roa leaing to emocracy. True, it i not exten the privilege of participating in government to any others than the Pilgrims themselves. Nor i it outline a plan of government. The Compact i, however, commit the Pilgrims to the creation of a government base on the consent of the governe. November 11, 1620 In the name of Go, Amen. We whose names are unerwritten, the loyal subjects of our rea [revere an feare] sovereign Lor King James, by the grace of Go, of Great Britain, France, an Irelan, King, Defener of the Faith, etc., having unertaken, for the glory of Go, an avancement of the Christian faith, an the honor of our king an country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, o by these presents [this ocument] solemnly an mutually in the presence of Go, an one another, covenant [promise] an combine ourselves together into a civil boy politic [group organize for government] for our better orering an preservation an furtherance of the ens aforesai; an by virtue [authority] hereof, o enact, constitute, an frame such just an equal laws, orinances [regulations], acts, constitutions, an offices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [fitting] an convenient for the general goo of the colony unto which we promise all ue submission an obeience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribe our names at Cape Co the eleventh of November, in the [year of the] reign of our sovereign Lor King James of Englan, France, an Irelan the eighteenth, an of Scotlan the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620. John Carver William Brafor Ewar Winslow William Brewster Isaac Allerton Miles Stanish John Alen John Turner Francis Eaton James Chilton John Craxton John Billington Joses Fletcher John Gooman Samuel Fuller Christopher Martin William Mullins William White Richar Warren John Howlan Stephen Hopkins Digery Priest Thomas Williams Gilbert Winslow Emun Margesson Peter Brown Richar Bitterige George Soule Ewar Tilly John Tilly Francis Cooke Thomas Rogers Thomas Tinker John Rigate Ewar Fuller Richar Clark Richar Gariner John Allerton Thomas English Ewar Doten Ewar Liester Aapte introuction to The Mayflower Compact from Living American Documents, selecte an eite by Isiore Starr, Lewis Paul To an Merle Curti. Copyright 1971, 1961 by Harcourt Brace & Company. Reprinte by permission of Harcourt, Inc. 4 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS In 1688 an 1689 the English people, weary of the arbitrary actions of their king, rove James II from the throne. The Glorious Revolution, as it has been calle, brought an en to the ol theory of the ivine right of kings an clearly establishe the principle of the supremacy of Parliament. Parliament took steps to ensure its victory by aopting the English Bill of Rights. Later, American colonial legislatures claime the rights of Englishmen spelle out in this famous ocument. An still later, a number of the historic liberties inclue in the English Bill of Rights were incorporate into the U.S. Constitution an the Bill of Rights. 1689... WHEREAS, The late King James II... i eneavor to subvert [overthrow] an extirpate [wipe out] the Protestant religion an the laws an liberties of this kingom... an whereas the sai late King James II having abicate [given up] the government, an the throne being vacant...... the sai lors... being now assemble in a full an free representative of this nation,... o in the first place... eclare: 1. That the pretene power of suspening of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal;... 3. That the commission [authority] for erecting the late [recent] court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes an all other commissions an courts of like nature are illegal an pernicious [corrupt];... 4. That levying money for or to the use of the crown by pretense of prerogative [right] without grant of Parliament... is illegal; 5. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, an all commitments an prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; 6. That... raising or keeping a staning army within the kingom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law...; 8. That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; 9. That the freeom of speech an ebates or proceeings in Parliament ought not to be impeache [challenge as to the valiity thereof] or questione in any court or place out of Parliament; 10. That excessive bail ought not to be require, nor excessive fines impose, nor cruel an unusual punishments inflicte; 11. That jurors ought to be uly impanele an returne, an jurors who pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholers [lanholers]; 12. That all grants an promises of fines an forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal an voi; 13. An that, for reress of all grievances an for the amening, strengthening, an preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be hel frequently.... Having, therefore, an entire confience that his sai Highness, the Prince of Orange, will perfect the eliverance so far avance by him an will preserve them from the violation of their rights which they have here asserte an from all other attempts upon their religion, rights, an liberties, the sai lors... an Commons assemble at Westminster o resolve that William an Mary, Prince an Princess of Orange, be an be eclare King an Queen of Englan, France, an Irelan, an the ominions thereunto belonging. Aapte introuction to The English Bill of Rights from Living American Documents, selecte an eite by Isiore Starr, Lewis Paul To an Merle Curti. Copyright 1971, 1961 by Harcourt Brace & Company. Reprinte by permission of Harcourt, Inc. LESSON 1 5
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION With the Declaration of Inepenence, the colonies cut the ties bining them to Great Britain. Now, with this ecisive step behin them, the 13 inepenent states face the formiable problem of organizing a central government uner which they coul carry on the war effort an, with victory achieve, move forwar as a unite people. In response to a resolution presente by Richar Henry Lee, who ha also taken the initiative in moving for a eclaration of inepenence, the Secon Continental Congress appointe a committee to raft a constitution. The constitution, known as the Articles of Confeeration, was aopte on November 15, 1777, but, as a result of a controversy over the claims to western lans, was not ratifie by the 13 states until 1781. This constitution was a remarkable achievement in that it create a union, it provie a central government uner which the colonies fought the war an won, an it enacte the Lan Orinance of 1785 an the Northwest Orinance. As the years passe, however, the weaknesses of a loose confeeration became increasingly apparent, an more an more of America s leaers began to consier the avantages of a stronger central government, or a feeral union. March 1, 1781... We the unersigne elegates of the states... agree to certain Articles of Confeeration an perpetual Union between the States.... Article 1. The style [title] of this confeeracy shall be The Unite States of America. Article 2. Each state retains its sovereignty, freeom, an inepenence, an every power, jurisiction [authority to act], an right which is not by this confeeration expressly elegate to the Unite States in Congress assemble. Article 3. The sai states hereby severally enter into a firm league of frienship with each other for their common efense, the security of their liberties, an their mutual an general welfare, bining themselves to assist each other against all force offere to [them] or attacks mae upon them or [upon] any of them on account of religion, sovereignty, trae, or any other pretense whatever. Article 4. The better to secure an perpetuate [cause to enure] mutual frienship an intercourse [business connections] among the people of the ifferent states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these states... shall be entitle to all privileges an immunities of free citizens in the several states;... If any person guilty of, or charge with, treason, felony [crime], or other high misemeanor in any state shall flee from justice,... he shall, upon eman of the governor or executive power of the state from which he fle, be elivere up an remove to the state having jurisiction of his offense. Full faith an creit shall be given in each of these states to the recors, acts, an juicial proceeings of the courts an magistrates of every other state. Aapte introuction to The Articles of Confeeration from Living American Documents, selecte an eite by Isiore Starr, Lewis Paul To an Merle Curti. Copyright 1971, 1961 by Harcourt Brace & Company. Reprinte by permission of Harcourt, Inc. (continue) 6 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
Article 5.... Delegates shall be annually appointe in such manner as the legislature of each state shall irect to meet in Congress on the first Monay in November in every year.... No state shall be represente in Congress by less than two [members], nor by more than seven members; an no person shall be capable of being a elegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a elegate, be capable of holing any office uner the Unite States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or emolument [payment] of any kin.... In etermining questions in the Unite States, in Congress assemble, each state shall have one vote. Freeom of speech an ebate in Congress shall not be impeache or questione in any court or place out of Congress, an the members of Congress shall be protecte in their persons from arrests an imprisonments uring the time of their going to an from an attenance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. Article 6. No state without the consent of the Unite States in Congress assemble shall sen any embassy [ambassaor] to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, or alliance or treaty with any king, prince, or state; nor shall any person holing any office of profit or trust uner the Unite States, or any of [the states], accept... any present, emolument, office, or title of any kin whatever from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the Unite States in Congress assemble, or any of [the states], grant any title of nobility. No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confeeration, or alliance whatever between them without the consent of the Unite States in Congress assemble.... No state shall lay any imposts [taxes on trae] or uties which may interfere with any stipulations [conitions] in treaties entere into by the Unite States in Congress assemble.... No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any state except such number only as shall be eeme necessary by the Unite States in Congress assemble for the efense of such state or its trae; nor shall any boy of forces be kept up by any state in time of peace except such number only as in the jugment of the Unite States in Congress assemble shall be eeme requisite to garrison [furnish with soliers] the forts necessary for the efense of such state; but every state shall always keep up a well-regulate an iscipline militia,... a ue number of fiel pieces an tents, an a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, an camp equipage [equipment]. No state shall engage in any war without the consent of the Unite States in Congress assemble, unless such state be actually invae by enemies, or shall have receive certain avice of a resolution being forme by some nation of Inians to invae such state, an the anger is so imminent as not to amit of a elay till the Unite States in Congress assemble can be consulte.... Article 7. When lan forces are raise by any state for the common efense, all officers of or uner the rank of colonel shall be appointe by the legislature of each state respectively by whom such forces shall be raise or in such manner as such state shall irect.... (continue) LESSON 1 7
Article 8. All charges of war, an all other expenses that shall be incurre for the common efense or general welfare an allowe by the Unite States in Congress assemble shall be efraye out of a common treasury, which shall be supplie by the several states, in proportion to the value of all lan within each state, grante to or surveye for any person, as such lan an the builings an improvements thereon shall be estimate accoring to such moe as the Unite States in Congress assemble shall from time to time irect an appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be lai an levie by the authority an irection of the legislatures of the several states within the time agree upon by the Unite States in Congress assemble. Article 9. The Unite States in Congress assemble shall have the sole an exclusive right an power of etermining on peace an war, except in the cases mentione in the sixth article; of sening an receiving ambassaors; [of] entering into treaties an alliances... ; of granting letters of marque an reprisal in times of peace; [of] appointing courts for the trial of piracies an felonies committe on the high seas.... The Unite States in Congress assemble shall also be the last resort on appeal in all isputes an ifferences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning bounary, jurisiction, or any other cause whatever.... The Unite States in Congress assemble shall also have the sole an exclusive right an power of regulating the alloy [comparative purity] an value of coin struck by their own authority or by that of the respective states; fixing the stanar of weights an measures throughout the Unite States; regulating the trae an managing all affairs with the Inians, [who are] not members of any of the states, provie that the legislative right of any state within its own limits be not infringe or violate; establishing an regulating post offices from one state to another, throughout all the Unite States, an exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same as may be requisite to efray the expenses of the sai office; appointing all officers of the lan forces in the service of the Unite States, except regimental officers; appointing all the officers of the naval forces an commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the Unite States; making rules for the government an regulation of the sai lan an naval forces an irecting their operations. The Unite States in Congress assemble shall have authority to appoint a committee to sit in the recess [intermission] of Congress, to be enominate [name] A Committee of the States, an to consist of one elegate from each state; an to appoint such other committees an civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the Unite States uner their irection; to appoint one of their number to presie, provie that no person be allowe to serve in the office of presient more than one year in any term of three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raise for the service of the Unite States, an to appropriate an apply the same for efraying the public expenses; to borrow money or emit [print an circulate] bills on the creit of the Unite States, transmitting every half year to the respective states an account of the sums of money so borrowe or emitte; to buil an equip a navy; to agree upon the number of lan forces an to make requisitions from each state for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such state; which requisition (continue) 8 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
shall be bining, an thereupon the legislature of each state shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men an clothe, arm, an equip them in a solier-like manner, at the expense of the Unite States an the officers an men so clothe, arme, an equippe shall march to the place appointe, an within the time agree on by the Unite States in Congress assemble.... The Unite States in Congress assemble shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque an reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums an expenses necessary for the efense an welfare of the Unite States, or [of] any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the creit of the Unite States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or purchase, or the number of lan or sea forces to be raise, nor appoint a commaner in chief of the army or navy unless nine states assent to the same; nor shall a question on any other point, except for ajourning from ay to ay, be etermine unless by the votes of a majority of the Unite States in Congress assemble. The Congress of the Unite States shall have power to ajourn to any time within the year an to any place within the Unite States so that no perio of ajournment be for a longer uration than the space of six months, an shall publish the journal of their proceeings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations as in their jugment require secrecy; an the yeas an nays of the elegates of each state on any question shall be entere on the journal when it is esire by any elegate; an the elegates of a state, or [of] any of them, at his or their request shall be furnishe with a transcript [copy] of the sai journal, except such parts as are above excepte, to lay before the legislatures of the several states. Article 10. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorize to execute in the recess of Congress such of the powers of Congress as the Unite States in Congress assemble, by the consent of nine states, shall from time to time think expeient [necessary] to vest [furnish] them with; provie that no power be elegate to the sai Committee for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confeeration, the voice of nine states in the Congress of the Unite States assemble is requisite. Article 11. Canaa acceing [agreeing] to this Confeeration, an joining in the measures of the Unite States, shall be amitte into, an entitle to all the avantages of, this union: but no other colony shall be amitte into the same, unless such amission be agree to by nine states. Article 12. All bills of creit emitte, monies borrowe, an ebts contracte by, or uner, the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the Unite States, in pursuance [carrying out] of the present Confeeration, shall be eeme an consiere as a charge against the Unite States, for payment an satisfaction whereof the sai Unite States an the public faith are hereby solemnly plege. Article 13. Every state shall abie by the eterminations [ecisions] of the Unite States in Congress assemble on all questions which by this Confeeration are submitte to them. An the Articles of this Confeeration shall be inviolably observe by every state, an the union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration (continue) LESSON 1 9
at any time hereafter be mae in any of them; unless such alteration be agree to in a Congress of the Unite States an be afterwar confirme by the legislatures of every state.... KNOW YE that we the unersigne elegates, by virtue of the power an authority to us given for that purpose, o by these presents, in the name an in behalf of our respective constituents [resients in the istricts represente], fully an entirely ratify an confirm each an every of the sai Articles of Confeeration an Perpetual Union, an all an singular the matters an things therein containe: An we o further solemnly plight [plege] an engage the faith of our respective constituents that they shall abie by the eterminations of the Unite States in Congress assemble on all questions which by the sai Confeeration are submitte to them. An that the Articles thereof shall be inviolably observe by the states we respectively represent, an that the union shall be perpetual. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hans in Congress. Done at Philaelphia in the state of Pennsylvania the ninth ay of July in the Year of Our Lor one thousan seven hunre an seventy-eight, an in the thir year of the inepenence of America. [Signe by representatives of the 13 states.] 10 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
FOUNDING DOCUMENTS TREASURE HUNT DIRECTIONS: Locate each of the following quotations in the ocument hanouts. In the space provie, place the letter of the ocument in which each quotation is foun. Then on a separate sheet of paper, write the quotation s meaning in your own wors. The four ocuments are: a. Magna Carta b. The Mayflower Compact c. The English Bill of Rights. The Articles of Confeeration 1. The pretene power of suspening of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal. 2. The free inhabitants of each of these states... shall be entitle to all privileges an immunities of free citizens in the several states. 3. The Unite States in Congress assemble shall also be the last resort on appeal in all isputes an ifferences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning bounary, jurisiction, or any other cause whatever. 4. No scutage nor ai shall be impose in our kingom, unless by the common council of our kingom. 5. To none will we sell, to none will we eny, to none will we elay right or justice. 6.... enact, constitute, an frame such just an equal laws, orinances, acts, constitutions, an offices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet an convenient for the general goo of the colony. 7. No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any state except such number only as shall be eeme necessary by the Unite States in Congress assemble. 8. The men in our kingom have an hol the aforesai liberties, rights, an concessions, well an in peace, freely an quietly, fully an entirely, to them an their heirs. 9.... That the English Church shall be free. 10.... having unertaken for the glory of Go, an avancement of the Christian faith.... 11.... Done at Philaelphia in the state of Pennsylvania. 12. The freeom of speech an ebates or proceeings in Parliament ought not to be impeache or questione in any court or place out of Parliament. LESSON 1 11
13. For reress of all grievances an for the amening, strengthening, an preserving of the laws, Parliament ought to be hel frequently. 14. Nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be mae in any of them; unless such alteration be agree to in a Congress of the Unite States an be afterwar confirme by the legislatures of every state. 15.... o by these presents solemnly an mutually in the presence of Go, an one of another, covenant an combine ourselves together into a civil boy politic for our better orering an preservation, an furtherance of the ens aforesai. 16. That... raising or keeping a staning army within the kingom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law. 17. Freeom of speech an ebate in Congress shall not be impeache or questione in any court or place out of Congress. 18. No bailiff... shall put any man to his law upon his own simple affirmation, without creible witnesses prouce for that purpose. 19. Excessive bail ought not to be require, nor excessive fines impose, nor cruel an unusual punishment inflicte. 20. Levying money for or to the use of the crown by pretense of prerogative without grant of Parliament... is illegal. 21. No state shall be represente in Congress by less than two... members. 22. Each state retains its sovereignty, freeom, an inepenence, an every power, jurisiction, an right which is not by this confeeration expressly elegate to the Unite States in Congress assemble. 23. It is the right of the subjects to petition the king, an all commitments an prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. 24. Full faith an creit shall be given in each of these states. 25. Congress... shall have the sole an exclusive right an power of etermining on peace an war. 12 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES
ANSWER KEY FOR FOUNDING DOCUMENTS TREASURE HUNT c a a b a a b 1. The English Bill of Rights: Cancellation of laws without consent of the legislature is not legal. 2. The Articles of Confeeration: Free citizens enjoy privileges of other states. 3. The Articles of Confeeration: Congress is the final authority on problems arising between states. 4. Magna Carta: There will be no taxation without approval from the legislature. 5. Magna Carta: All citizens have the same rights an privileges of justice. 6. The Mayflower Compact: Laws will be passe for the general goo. 7. The Articles of Confeeration: Congress must approve war vessels kept by states in time of peace. 8. Magna Carta: All citizens an their escenants have the liste rights. 9. Magna Carta: Freeom of Religion is require. 10. The Mayflower Compact: The agreement was mae for Go an the Christian faith. c c b c 11. The Articles of Confeeration: The agreement was mae in Philaelphia, Pennsylvania. 12. The English Bill of Rights: Only the legislature may question anything sai uring one of its sessions. 13. The English Bill of Rights: The legislature shoul meet regularly in orer to make an review laws. 14. The Articles of Confeeration: Only the legislature may alter the ocument, an then every state must approve it. 15. The Mayflower Compact: Those present agree to combine into one political unit for the protection of all. 16. The English Bill of Rights: No army may be organize uring peace time without legislative authorization. 17. The Articles of Confeeration: Only the legislature may question anything sai uring one of its sessions. (See number 12.) LESSON 1 13
a c c c 18. Magna Carta: Anyone accuse of a crime must be allowe to have witnesses in his behalf. 19. The English Bill of Rights: No unreasonable bail or punishment will be allowe. 20. The English Bill of Rights: Taxation without authority of the legislature is against the law. 21. The Articles of Confeeration: All states are allowe a minimum of two members to the legislature. 22. The Articles of Confeeration: Each state is inepenent, an states have all rights not specifically given to the feeral government. 23. The English Bill of Rights: There will be no criminal charges file for complaints against the government. 24. The Articles of Confeeration: All states must recognize laws an court ecisions mae by the other states. 25. The Articles of Confeeration: Only the legislative boy may eclare war. 14 SIMULATIONS AND CASE STUDIES