CO.6 Chapter 5 Population Geography Population Population geography Distribution of humankind Emigration Immigration Demography Specific group characteristics World Population What s the world population? Pop clocks How much is a million? Stack of $1 million dollars in $1,000 bills = 4.3 inches How much is a billion? Stack of $1 billion dollars in $1,000 bills = 358 feet Fig. 6.16 Distribution and Density Population 6.3 billion Major concentrations East Asia South Asia Europe from the Atlantic to Ural mountains Southeast Asia Eastern United States and Canada 1
Population Density Arithmetic density Number of people per unit of area Physiological density Density of population per unit cropland Carrying capacity Measure of the productivity of land Factors Influencing Population Distribution Climate Low density High density Topography and soils Flat areas = easier cultivation Accessibility to water Fertile soils History Domestication of plants and animals Demarcation of cultural and political territories World Population Growth Crude birth rate Crude death rate Natural increase Natural decrease Projections Fig. 6.15 Population Doubling Time Fertility rate Total fertility rate Replacement rate Zero population growth Doubling time 2
Population Pyramids Age and sex structure of population Dependency ratio Proportion of population of working age Demographic Transition Model Stage one Crude birth/death rate high Fragile population Stage two Lower death rates Infant mortality rate Natural increase high Stage three Indicative of richer developed countries Higher standards of living/education 3
Fig. 6.17 Demographic Transition Model Infant mortality rate Life Expectancy Antibiotics/immunization Rapid increase throughout world New Influences on Birth Rates Family planning programs Contraceptive technology Role of mass media 4
Population Control Obstacles Manufacture/distribution expense Religion Low female status Preference of male children Birth Control Programs One family/one child policies Female infanticide Social compensation fees Sterilization Loss of status Termination healthcare/food coupons Free birth control Increased literacy World Death Rates Infectious diseases HIV/AIDS SARS Degenerative diseases Obesity Tobacco use Epidemiology Epidemiological transition Overpopulation? Malthusian theory Pessimistic perspective Thomas Malthus Preventive checks Positive checks Cornucopians Optimistic perspective Jean Antoine Condorcet Demographic Patterns Sex ratios Effects of Ultrasound, amniocentesis Male status Aging Increased median age Rich countries Sustaining economic growth Medical needs Poor countries Young populations Changing social needs 5
Push factor Drive away people Pull factor Attract people Migration chains Migration Migration of Peoples Prehistoric Europe to the Americas African diaspora Europe to Asia & Oceania Europe to Africa Indian Overseas Chinese 6
Migration Today 2002 = 175 million living outside country of birth Characteristics Many poor, uneducated, unskilled Enterprising, working age looking for opportunity Many also highly educated and skilled Refugees 1951 Geneva convention Asylum International Migration Increased apprehension in receiving countries Compassion fatigue Immigrants are scapegoats when unemployment rises Emigration Importance of remittances Mexico = 3 rd largest source of foreign exchange International Migration Europe as a destination 16 million immigrants 7-10 percent of host country population Problems = religion, education Contributions = entrepreneurs Migration of Asians 4-5 million work abroad Remittances important Loss to home communities Migration to the US and Canada US Largest migration flow to US 10% US population foreign born Immigration quotas restrict immigration Implications Hispanics as proportion of US population Canada 18.4 percent population foreign born 94 percent live in metro areas 7