The Foreign-Born Population of Southeastern Pennsylvania. By Randy Capps

The Foreign-Born Population of Southeastern Pennsylvania By Randy Capps Philadelphia June 15 th, 2016

Acknowledgments Ariel Ruiz at MPI analyzed the data and wrote the slides for this presentation. James Bachmeier at Temple University, Philadelphia, provided data on the legal status for the foreignborn population, and Jennifer Van Hook, Director of the Pennsylvania State University s Population Research Institute, advised on the methodology. Grantmakers Concerned with Immigrants and Refugees (GCIR) provided funding to support the research.

Today s presentation Defining the Southeastern Pennsylvania region Demographic trends in the region Education and English skills of immigrant and U.S.-born populations Economic integration of immigrant and U.S.-born populations

The six-county Southeastern 1. Chester County (Oxford, West Chester) Pennsylvania region 2. Berks County (Reading) 3. Montgomery County (King of Prussia, Pottstown) 4. Bucks County (Doylestown, Levittown) 5. Philadelphia County (Philadelphia) 2 1 3 6 4 5 6. Delaware County (Chester, Wayne)

Percent Foreign Born of Total Population (%) Counties in the region have higher foreignborn population shares than the state Foreign-Born Share of Total Population in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, (%), 2010-2014 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 - Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-2014 American Community Survey (ACS), pooled.

Foreign-Born Share of Total Population (%) The foreign-born share of the region s population doubled from 1990 to 2014 Foreign-Born Share of Total Population in the Southeastern PA Region, PA, and the US, (%), 1990-2014 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Southeastern PA Region Pennsylvania United States Source: MPI tabulation of data from the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census, and single year American Community Survey (ACS) from 2005-2014.

Latino and Asian populations grew more rapidly than white or black populations Population Growth in the Southeastern PA Region, PA, and the US, by Selected Race/Ethnic Groups, (%), 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2010, and 2010 to 2014 Population Growth (%) 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2014 Southeastern PA Region Latino 66 69 13 Asian 77 60 14 African American 8 7 1 White -3-4 -1 Pennsylvania Latino 78 83 16 Asian 70 59 14 African American 13 10 3 White -1-2 -2 United States Latino 62 44 9 Asian 50 44 13 African American 16 12 4 White 3 1 0 Source: MPI tabulation of 1990 and 2000 Census, and 2010 and 2014 ACS data.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population (%) Over half of the foreign born in the region entered before 2000 Foreign-Born Population in the Southeastern PA Region, PA, and the US, by Year of Entry, (%), 2010-14 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 - Southeastern PA Region Pennsylvania United States Before 1990 1990 to 1999 2000 to 2009 Since 2010 Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Almost two-thirds of the region s newcomers are from Asia or Europe Foreign-Born Population in the Southeastern PA Region and the United States, by Region of Birth, (%), 2010-14 Southeastern PA Region United States Asia, 40% Asia, 29% Latin America, 29% Europe/Canada /Oceania, 22% Latin America, 52% Europe/Canada / Oceania, 15% Africa, 9% Africa, 4% Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Immigrant population concentrations and origins vary greatly by county Top Origin Countries of the Foreign-Born Population in the Southeastern PA Region and Percent in Individual Counties, 2010-14 Top 10 Countries SE PA Region Estimate Berks County (%) Bucks County (%) Chester County (%) Delaware County (%) Montgomery County (%) Philadelphia County (%) All Countries 451,000 7 11 10 11 18 42 India 44,000 1 20 15 12 25 27 China 39,000 2 7 9 8 20 54 Mexico 36,000 19 7 37 3 19 16 Vietnam 23,000 5 5 3 14 14 59 Korea 21,000 1 14 4 12 48 21 Dominican Republic 19,000 38 2 0 2 1 58 Ukraine 15,000 0 31 3 3 14 48 Philippines 12,000 5 14 9 10 26 37 Jamaica 11,000 3 3 3 14 13 64 Haiti 10,000 11 6 3 11 8 60 Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Liberian refugees make up 24% of recent refugees in region, only 9% in Pennsylvania Refugee Arrivals in Selected Cities* in the Southeastern PA Region and Pennsylvania, by Nationality, (%), FY2002-2015 Southeastern PA Region Pennsylvania Bhutan, 1,393 (16%) Burma, 1,213 (14%) Burma, 3,772 (13%) Iraq, 2,717 (10%) Liberia, 2,456 (9%) Liberia, 2,049 (24%) Iraq, 1,157 (13%) Bhutan, 9,339 (33%) Somalia, 1,559 (6%) Other, 2,310 (26%) Ukraine, 601 (7%) Other, 8,174 (29%) Note: The selected cities included in the Southeastern Pennsylvania region are: Bensalem, Bristol, Collingdale, Darby, Devon, Levittown, Morrisville, Philadelphia, Reading, Upper Darby, Warminster, Yeadon. Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of Admissions. Data extracted from the Worldwide Refugee Admissions Processing System (WRAPS).

82% of the region s immigrants are lawfully present Foreign-Born Population in the Southeastern PA Region, by Legal Status, (%), 2009-13 DACA* 12% Expanded DACA 2% Naturalized U.S. Citizens, 223,000 (48%) Unauthorized Immigrants, 86,000 (18%) Ineligible 62% DAPA 24% Other Legal Non-Citizens, 161,000 (34%) Note: Immigrant share eligible for DACA includes immigrants eligible for the original version of the program as defined in 2012. Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) data by Colin Hammar and James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research Institute.

37% of unauthorized immigrants in the region may qualify for DACA or DAPA Estimates of Populations Eligible for DAPA and DACA Programs in the Southeastern PA Region and Individual Counties, 2009-13 County Immediately Eligible for DACA under the Original 2012 Program Immediately Eligible for DACA with 2014 Program Expansions Potentially Eligible for DAPA Program Total Population Eligible for DACA or DAPA Unauthorized Immigrant Population Potential Deferred Action Population as Share of Total Unauthorized Population (%) SE PA Region 10,000 12,000 21,000 32,000 86,000 37 Berks County 1,000 1,000 3,000 4,000 7,000 51 Bucks County 1,000 1,000 2,000 3,000 8,000 34 Chester County 1,000 2,000 4,000 5,000 13,000 41 Delaware County 1,000 1,000 2,000 4,000 8,000 43 Montgomery County 2,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 14,000 38 Philadelphia County 3,000 4,000 8,000 12,000 36,000 33 Note: Percentages were calculated from unrounded estimates and may not match percentages calculated from rounded estimates. Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 SIPP data by Hammar and Bachmeier of Temple University and Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research Institute.

The region s unauthorized population comes from diverse origins Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the Southeastern PA Region, by Country of Origin, (%), 2009-13 Mexico 28% Other 37% India 7% China 5% Guatemala 5% Korea 4% Dominican Republic 3% Vietnam 3% Costa Rica 3% Brazil 3% Ecuador 2% Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) data by Colin Hammar and James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research Institute.

Percent of Population without a High School Diploma (%) Foreign-born adults are less likely to complete high school, with the pattern varying by county Population Ages 25 and Older without a High School Diploma in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 40 35 30 25 20 15 10-5 U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Population with a Bachelor s Degree or More (%) But immigrants are more likely than the U.S. born to be college graduates (except in Berks County) Populations Ages 25 and Older with a Bachelor s Degree or More Education in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 60 50 40 30 20 10 - U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population without a High School Diploma (%) Mexican, Vietnamese, Dominican-born adults are the most likely to lack a high-school education Foreign-Born Population Ages 25 and Older without a High-School Diploma in the Southeastern PA Region, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2010-14 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 U.S. Born in Region: 10% - Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population with a Bachelor's Degree or More (%) Adults born in Asian countries and Ukraine are the most likely to have a college degree Population Ages 25 and Older with a Bachelor s Degree or More Education in the Southeastern PA Region, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2010-14 80 70 60 50 40 U.S. Born in Region: 34% 30 20 10 - Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population who are Limited English Proficient (%) More than 30% of newcomers are Limited English Proficient (LEP) Foreign-Born Population Ages 5 and Older Speaking English Less than Very Well in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Note: Persons who report speaking English less than very well in the ACS are considered to be limited English proficient. Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population who is Limited English Proficient (%) Limited English proficiency (LEP) is common among many newcomer groups Foreign-Born Population Ages 5 and Older Speaking English Less than Very Well in the Southeastern PA Region, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2010-14 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 - Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Population (%) The foreign born are more likely to be in young, working ages (25-44) than the U.S. born Age Distributions of U.S.-Born and Foreign-Born Populations in the Southeastern PA Region, (%), 2010-14 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 18 18 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 54 55 and Older U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Immigrants are more likely to work in manufacturing, professional services, accommodations and construction Employed Population Ages 16 and Over in the Southeastern PA Region, by Industry of Employment and Nativity, (%), 2010-14 Educational, Health, and Social Services Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Transportation and Warehousing Manufacturing Percent of Employed Population (%) - 5 10 15 20 25 30 Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodations, and Food Service Information and Communications, Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Rental Construction Public Administration U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Median Household Income ($) Immigrants have slightly lower incomes than the U.S.-born Median Household Income in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Population with Incomes Below the Federal Poverty Level (%) Poverty rates are higher for immigrants than the U.S. born except in Philadelphia County Population with Incomes Below the Federal Poverty Level in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Foreign-Born Population with Incomes Below the Federal Poverty Level (%) Foreign-Born Population with Incomes Below the Federal Poverty Level in the Southeastern PA Region, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2010-14 40 35 30 25 Poverty rates also vary widely by origins 20 15 U.S. Born in Region: 14% 10-5 Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Percent of Population who is Uninsured (%) Immigrants are at least 3 times as likely to be uninsured, except in Philadelphia Population without Health Insurance in the Southeastern PA Region Counties, PA, and the US, by Nativity, (%), 2010-14 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: MPI analysis of data from 2010-14 ACS, pooled.

Conclusions about immigrants in the Southeastern PA region The foreign-born population of the region has more than doubled since 1990, representing 11% of the total population in 2014. 82% of the foreign-born population has some form of legal status including naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, and refugees. Almost 40% of unauthorized immigrants in the region could qualify for DACA or DAPA. 12% qualify for the existing DACA program. Immigrants, whether or not they are lawfully present, are diverse. Almost 2/3 of all immigrants come from Asia and Europe with a smaller percentage (<30%) from Latin America. Some are well-educated, affluent, and professionally employed while others are poorer, less educated, and employed in service jobs. There is no single story about immigrants in the region!

For More Information Randy Capps Director of Research, U.S. Programs, MPI rcapps@migrationpolicy.org For additional information and to receive updates: www.migrationpolicy.org For interactive data tools on U.S. and International migration data, visit: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub For a recent review of the data on U.S. refuge populations, see: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/integration-outcomes-usrefugees-successes-and-challenges