Modern Day Slavery: An Overview Banu Demiralp April 17, 2012 Janna Lipman
Who are the slaves? www.notforsale.org
The Authorities The United States: The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 (P.L. 106 386) Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2003 (H.R. 2620) TVPRA of 2005 (H.R. 972) TVPRA of 2008 (H.R. 7311) TVPRA of 2011 currently open International: The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000) Palermo Protocol
Modern Day Slavery Definition When one person, using violence or the threat of violence, completely controls another person, exploits them economically AND they cannot walk away.
Human Trafficking Definition Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons By means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or Of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2000)
3 Elements of Trafficking Process Action Particular Means For the Purpose of Recruiting OR Harboring OR Moving OR Obtaining a Person Force OR Fraud OR Coercion Involuntary Servitude OR Debt Bondage OR Slavery OR Sexual Exploitation
Types of Human Trafficking
Modern Day Slavery Statistics 27 30 million trafficked throughout the World 80% women 50% children 600,000 800,000 annually $32 billion profit US Department of State TIP Report 6,017 Prosecutions in 2010 Overall 3,619 Convictions in 2010 100,000 victims of child sex trafficking in US annually (NCMEC) Department of Justice (DOJ) investigated 2,515 cases 755 were found to be actual trafficking cases 83% of victims were US citizens 92 international child trafficking victims in 2010
The Profit
Where Where in the World? in the World? CIA, The Protection Project
Where in the World? CIA, The Protection Project
Cocoa Farms CNN's Chocolate Child Slaves
Anka Rising Anka is the Turkish word for the mythological bird the phoenix. Incorporated August 2011 Focuses on : Engaging and educating the private sector about the issues of Modern day slavery Working with the private sector to encourage and advise them as they develop or refine corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs to include slavery as a line item Working with the private sector to develop corporate policy on Modern day Slavery
Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate conscience Corporate citizenship Social footprint Corporate self regulation integrated into a business model (Wiki) Work that creates value inside and outside of a company by aligning business goals with social and environmental needs (Business Earth).
Where are the slaves? Credit: ILO Credit: ILO Credit: UN
Goods Commonly Produced with Slave Labor Change.org Abolishhumantrafficking.com http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/pd F/2011TVPRA.pdf
Statistics by Sector: Child Labor Not all work done by children is child labor. ILO: Child labor deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. Stats: 60% in Agriculture, 25.5% Services, 7% in industry (rest not defined).
Worst Forms of Child Labor (Article 3 of ILO Convention 182) (a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict; (b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances; (c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; (d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.
Calculating Slavery Footprint http://slaveryfootprint.org/
Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling Trafficking A crime against person Involves forced labor or sex trafficking Transportation not required Smuggling debt may be used as means of control Confiscation of documentation Smuggling A crime against borders Illegal border crossing Transportation only Gateway to trafficking
Questions Where do you think this is happening in the DC Metro area? Or the US? Do you think you have ever encountered a human trafficking victim?
Trafficking in the U.S. In ethnic communities In suburbs In rural areas with agricultural workers In major cities Child trafficking concentrated in 13 cities including DC area, NY, California, Nevada, Texas, Atlanta, Ohio
Identifying Victims: Challenges Lack of public awareness Lack of understanding or multiple definitions Victims that do not self identify Human trafficking is a hidden crime Victims cannot or will not leave a trafficking situation for many reasons Polaris Project
Victims Mindsets & Barriers to Self Identification Captivity/Confinement: Frequent accompaniment, guarded; isolation Threats of Violence & Reprisal Against Loved Ones: misinformation and false promises; debt bondage and sense of obligation Distrust of Authority/Learned Loyalty: Language and social barriers/unfamiliarity; no personal ID or documents Fear: Shame, self blame; hopelessness, resignation Polaris Project
Trafficking Indicators Is the victim in possession of identification and travel documents; if not, who has control of the documents? Was the victim coached on what to say to law enforcement and immigration officials? Was the victim recruited for one purpose and forced to engage in some other job? Is the victim s salary being garnished to pay off a smuggling fee? (Paying off a smuggling fee alone is not considered trafficking.) Was the victim forced to perform sexual acts? Does the victim have freedom of movement? Has the victim or family been threatened with harm if the victim attempts to escape? Has the victim been threatened with deportation or law enforcement action? Has the victim been harmed or deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care or other life necessities? Can the victim freely contact friends or family? Is the victim a juvenile engaged in commercial sex? Is the victim allowed to socialize or attend religious services? www.dhs.gov/humantrafficking
Resources Resources National Human Trafficking Resource Center (Hotline): 1.888.373.7888 Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2011/) Department of Homeland Security (http://www.dhs.gov/humantrafficking
Not For Sale Campaign www.notforsale.org
Contact Us Janna Lipman, Executive Dir. jlipman@ankarising.org Banu Demiralp, President bdemiralp@ankarising.org www.ankarising.org Telephone: 703.232.1470