Wednesday, February 8 th Midterm #1: February 13-16 in the Testing Center Monday and Tuesday: No late fee Wednesday: $5 late fee Thursday: $7 late fee and test must be in hand by 11 am The Review Room will be closed during test week Evaluation of Draft of Essay 1 due in labs this week
The American Revolution 2 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The American Revolution 3 Outline What led to the Revolutionary War? Prospects at the outset The Revolutionary War Early success (Boston) Difficult defeats (New York) Turning point (Saratoga) The end is near (Yorktown) Washington and his legacy
The American Revolution 4 What Led to the Revolutionary War? Colonists were accustomed to colonial government with some power in the colonial legislature. The interests of the colonists conflicted with the interests of the British Crown taxes, trade restrictions and land policy. An educated elite molded public opinion for independence e.g. Franklin, Sam and John Adams, Paine, Jefferson
The American Revolution 5 Prospects What would the prospects for colonial victory have looked like in June of 1775? British advantages: Military Economic Many loyalists British disadvantages: Distance from political control center Geography Colonial commitment to independence ( patriots )
The American Revolution 6 iclicker Question The main reason the Continental Congress appointed George Washington Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in 1775 was because A. of his victories as an officer in the French and Indian War. B. he was a Southerner leading an army in the North. C. Nathanael Greene did not want the job.
The American Revolution 7 War War preceded the Declaration by over a year: Lexington and Concord (April 1775) Washington appointed commander in chief, June 1775; arrived in Boston, July 1775 Washington s strategy: tire the British
The American Revolution 8 War Early success Siege of Boston, 1775-1776 Dorchester Heights, March 1776 General Howe evacuated Boston
The American Revolution 9 Difficult Defeats Washington s army moved to defend New York City, April 1776 Defeated by British, August 1776 Daring night escape, October 1776 Further defeats at White Plains (October 1776) and Fort Washington (November) Escaped through New Jersey; withdrew across Delaware River into Pennsylvania (December)
The American Revolution 10
The American Revolution 11 Difficult Defeats Conditions of Washington s army, December 1776 In rags; hungry, cold, and sick Force had dwindled from 20,000 to less than 5,000 Outlook was bleak
The American Revolution 12 A timely victory Washington crosses the Delaware Victory at Trenton, December 26, 1776
The American Revolution 13 Video: Prospects, Fall 1776
The American Revolution 14 Turning point Many other failures but the Continental Army persisted Turning point: victory at Saratoga, September and October, 1777 General Horatio Gates defeated General Burgoyne Convinced the French that the Americans could win the war; entered in 1778
The American Revolution 15 The end is near Final important battle at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781 British under Cornwallis were surrounded and under siege by American and French forces Surrendered, October 1781
The American Revolution 16 The end is near Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown
The American Revolution 17 The United States Treaty of Paris, 1783, recognized the independence of the United States 25,000 American Revolutionaries died during service in the war.
The American Revolution 18 George Washington - Leader Appointment as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army A political choice Limited military experience
The American Revolution 19 George Washington - Leader Exemplary character ohenry Lee: First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen, he was second to none in humble and enduring scenes of private life. Pious, just, humane, temperate, and sincere; uniform, dignified, and commanding; his example was as edifying to all around him as were the effects of that example lasting.... Correct throughout, vice shuddered in his presence and virtue always felt his fostering hand. The purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues.... Such was the man for whom our nation mourns.
The American Revolution 20 George Washington - Leader Commanded deep loyalty and devotion
The American Revolution 21 Video: Appeal to the Troops Consider the devotion of Washington to his troops and their reciprocated devotion to him.
The American Revolution 22 George Washington - Leader Deferred to civilian authority Supported the supremacy of the Continental Congress
The American Revolution 23 Video: Washington at Newburgh The needs of the Continental Army were neglect by the Continental Congress. In response, a group of officers secretly planned to march on Philadelphia and take over the government. Washington learned of the conspiracy and confronted these men.
The American Revolution 24 George Washington - Leader Deferred to civilian authority Supported the supremacy of the Continental Congress After winning the war, resigned his commission
If he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world. ~ King George III, upon hearing of Washington's impending retirement as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army (1783)
The American Revolution 26 George Washington - Leader Deferred to civilian authority Supported the supremacy of the Continental Congress After winning the war, resigned his commission Surrendered power after two terms as president
The American Revolution 27 George Washington - Symbol Father of His Country Father of all liberty Lafayette An icon
Places The American Revolution 28
Icon of Virtue The American Revolution 29