Migratory movements statistics u 2002
Edition: Eustat Euskal Estatistika Erakundea Basque Statistics Institute Date: VI-2005 Publication: Eustat Euskal Estatistika Erakundea Basque Statistics Institute Donostia-San Sebastián, 1-01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz Internet: www.eustat.es Administration of the Basque Country
MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS STATISTICS Migratory Movements Statistics give a year-by-year picture of shifts involving a change in habitual place of residence produced in the geographical area of the A.C. of the Basque Country. Eustat has produced these statistics annually since 1988, providing analysis of the recent evolution of the migratory phenomenon in our Community. GROSS GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY 162,218 changes in habitual place of residence were counted during 2002 in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. Almost half the registered movements, 79,335, corresponded to intra-municipal migrations taking place within the same municipality. Internal or intra-community mobility, which is to say changes of residence where the origin and destination were different municipalities of the A.C. of the Basque Country totalled 37,186 movements. 25,967 external or extra-community immigrations were registered, meaning those whose origin was outside the Community and whose destination was the A.C. of the Basque Country. Finally, there were 19,730 external or extra-community emigrations, which were changes of residence whose origin was a municipality of the Community and whose destination was outside of it. In short, 7.7% of the population of the A.C. of the Basque Country made a change of residence during 2002; in 72% of cases this was intra-community mobility, compared to the 28% caused by extracommunity mobility. INTER-REGIONAL MOBILITY 2002 saw 37,186 changes of habitual place of residence between municipalities of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and other State communities as well as those overseas. External geographical mobility involved 22 out of each thousand inhabitants of the A.C. of the Basque Country during 2002. The population affected by this varied for each one of the three provinces, with Álava registering the smallest number of external movements, but with the greatest incidence on its population, 29 ; it was followed by Bizkaia, with 23 and Gipuzkoa, where 16 of the population made some kind of extra-community migration. As for evolution over recent years, Álava has traditionally been the province most affected by external mobility. This external or extra-community mobility that took place in the A.C. of the Basque Country was minor when compared with the average of the autonomous communities of the Spanish state (where 34 per thousand inhabitants moved), or figures registered in the various regions of the countries of Central and Northern Europe. In only three of the countries with data available on inter-regional migrations, Portugal, Italy and Finland, the average of mobility between regions was below the figure of 21 inhabitants registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country. Conversely, the incidence of migration between regions was 1
outstanding in countries such as: the Netherlands (41 ), United Kingdom (36 ), Sweden (33 ), Germany (31 ), Belgium (31 ) or France (23 ). 1. Incidence of inter-regional migration in European countries. Averages by country (per 1,000 inhabitants) Portugal Italy Finland A.C. of the Basque Country France Spain Belgium Germany Sweden United Kingdom Netherlands 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Sources: EUROSTAT. Regions, statistical yearbook 1999. INE. Migrations 2001. NET MIGRATION RATE The trend of the net migration rate, which is to say the difference between the rates of immigration and emigration calculated for one year and with reference to the population mean for that year- changed course in our Community at the beginning of the eighties. Table 1 shows in detail how, over a thirtyyear period, from the sixties onwards, the A.C. of the Basque Country experienced a steep fall in the net migration rate, becoming a community that produced emigrants, rather than one that took in immigrants. However, in 2000 the figures for migration became positive once more. The value of this rate centres on its allowing the comparison of data relating to the various spatial units of the study, independent of their population size. In this sense, despite the fluctuations observed in its migratory growth rate, the most pronounced decreases were in Álava and Bizkaia. However, Álava kept its positive balance, thus being the only province to continuously register favourable migratory results. 2
TABLE 1: EVOLUTION OF THE NET MIGRATION RATE ( ) Year A.C. of the Basque Country Araba/Alava Bizkaia Gipuzkoa 1988-4,7 0,3-5,5-5,4 1989-3,5 3,5-4,9-4,1 1990-2,3 2,5-3,4-2,3 1991-1,2 2,7-2,3-1,0 1992-2,2 1,8-3,3-2,0 1993-2,1 2,6-2,9-2,8 1994-2,5 1,6-3,6-2,5 1995-2,3 2,4-3,4-2,2 1996-1,5 6,4-2,7-2,6 1997-0,8 3,3-2,0-0,5 1998-1,1 1,1-2,0-0,4 1999-0,6 1,5-1,5 0,1 2000 1,2 5,1 0,7 0,4 2001 3,4 8,1 2,9 2,2 2002 2,9 6,6 2,7 1,8 Sources: INE. Migrations (1965-1985) Eustat. Migratory Movements Statistics (1988 and subsequent) The net migration rate of the A.C. of the Basque Country, which stood at 2,9 in 2002, was five points below the average for the autonomous communities as a whole. Lower, negative rates could be seen in the cases of the community of Extremadura as well as the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Rates for other autonomous communities ranged from the 2.0 of Castile and Leon to the 21.4 for the Valencian Community. 3
2. Net migration rate by autonomous community 2002. (per 1,000 inhabitants) Ceuta and Melilla Extremadura Navarre Castile and León Asturias Galicia A.C of the Basque Country Aragón Cantabria Andalucía Catalonia Castile-La Mancha Canary Islands Balearic Islands Murcia Rioja (La) Madrid Community. Valencian -15,0-10,0-5,0 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 Source: INE. Migrations 2002. (*) Data relating to other Autonomous Communities does not include emigrations abroad. 3. Incidence of migratory balance by autonomous community. 2002 Galicia Cantabria Asturias A.C of the Basque Country La Rioja Navarre Castile and León Aragón Catalonia Madrid Balearic Islands Castile-La Mancha Extremadura Community Valencian Andalucía Murcia Ceuta and Melilla Canary Islands >=1,01 (6) 0,51/1,00 (4) 0/0,50 (5) <=-0,01 (3) 4
Source: INE. Migrations 2002. (*) Data relating to other Autonomous Communities does not include emigrations abroad. MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND BALANCE The total migratory balance expresses the difference between in-flows and out-flows due to change of residence within our Community The total migratory balance for the A.C. of the Basque Country in 2002 was 6,237, which is to say that there were 6,237 more people coming to the A.C. of the Basque Country than leaving. The balance had been consistently negative from 1988 onwards: between then and 1991 it gradually diminished by almost 75%. However, this decrease slowed down in the following years and in 2000 the pattern in the A.C. of the Basque Country changed. TABLE 2. EVOLUTION MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND BALANCES Emigrations Immigrations Migratory balance Year Total Variation index (1988=100) Total Variation index (1988=100) Total 1988 18.103 100 8.014 100-10.089 1989 17.633 97 10.120 126-7.513 1990 15.771 87 10.930 136-4.841 1991 14.751 81 12.140 151-2.611 1992 13.668 76 9.006 112-4.662 1993 14.096 78 9.554 119-4.542 1994 16.179 89 10.809 135-5.370 1995 16.130 89 11.316 141-4.814 1996 14.356 79 11.299 141-3.057 1997 14.234 79 12.496 156-1.738 1998 16.585 92 14.372 179-2.213 1999 17.291 96 16.103 201-1.188 2000 17.462 96 20.022 250 2.560 2001 18.696 103 25.775 322 7.079 2002 19.730 109 25.967 324 6.237 Until 1991 the gradual diminishing of the balances were due to both the positive results of immigration and emigration, given that emigration lost momentum at the same time that immigration was on the rise. Conversely, after 1992 there was an annual increase in the number of both out-flows and in-flows for our Community, which went on until 1996, when the trend to converge re-established itself. Over the fifteen years under analysis, the volume of immigration increased by 224%, while emigration increased by a mere 9% overall. 5
4. Evolution of the migratory balance by Province 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0-2.000-4.000-6.000-8.000-10.000-12.000 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 A.C. Basque Country Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa By province, Bizkaia, which gained 3,425 people, had the highest migratory balance, which increased by 7.6% in relation to the previous year. Álava, which gained 2,710 people through migration, increased its positive balance by 17% in relation to the previous year. As for Gipuzkoa, it gained 103 people. In the three provinces the external or extra-community component was the definitive element the total migratory balance. 6
5. Migratory balances by Province according to type. 2002 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0-1.000 A.C of the Basque. Country Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Internal External Total At district level, sixteen of the twenty districts that make up the A.C. of the Basque Country had positive migratory balances. Bearing in mind the weight of the balance in relation to population size, the outstanding districts were Estribaciones del Gorbea (3%), Plentzia-Mungia (2.2%) and Rioja Alavesa (1.4%). In each of these the internal aspect had a greater incidence than the migratory balance. The four districts with a negative balance were: Donostia-San Sebastián, Alto Deba, Goierri and Bajo Deba, with a negative balance that ranged from 0.13% and 0.34% of the total population. Of the 250 municipalities that make up the A.C. of the Basque Country, 76 had negative migratory balances during 2002, 167 had positive ones and the remaining 7 remained unchanged. 7
6. Incidence of total migratory balance by municipality. 2002 >=2,51 (48) 0/2,50 (125) -2,50/-0,01 (70) <=-2,51 (7) Until 1997 the three capitals stood out for the patterns of their respective migratory balances; on the one hand there was Vitoria-Gasteiz and Donostia-San Sebastián with a positive evolution and on the other was Bilbao, whose result was negative. In 2002, Vitoria and Bilbao had positive migratory balances. 8
7. Evolution of migratory balance in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0-500 -1000-1500 -2000-2500 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bilbao Vitoria-Gasteiz Donostia-San Sebastián In absolute values, the municipality of Vitoria-Gasteiz had the most positive migratory balance and gained 2,044 inhabitants, followed by Bilbao with a balance of 1,273 inhabitants, Irún, whose balance was 628 inhabitants, Durango with a balance of 349 people, Arrigorriaga whose balance was 330 people, and Mungia with a balance of 277 inhabitants. Conversely, Basauri had the most negative migratory balance in the Community and lost 514 inhabitants, Sestao (-486) inhabitants, Barakaldo (-472 inhabitants), Portugalete (-454), Errenteria (- 318 inhabitants), Santurtzi (-261 inhabitants), Pasaia (-199 inhabitants), Eibar (-194 inhabitants) and Ermua with -180 inhabitants. GROSS EMIGRATION RATE The number of emigrations to other autonomous communities or abroad that originated in the A.C. of the Basque Country in 2002 was 19,730, or 1,034 more emigrations than in 2001, which meant an increase of 5.5% in relation to the previous year. The emigration rate, which is to say the number of emigrations per thousand inhabitants in the A.C. of the Basque Country, which was 9,4 in 2002, increased by 0.5 with regard to the previous year and, excluding emigrations abroad, came to 9.1%, just over three points below the overall average of the autonomous communities. Castile-La Mancha, Madrid, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands and Ceuta- Melilla, which were above the average, bettered the A.C. of the Basque Country with rates that ranged from 14 to 37. 9
8. Gross emigration rate by Autonomous Community. 2002 Catalonia Galicia Andalucía Community Valencian Asturias A.C. of the Basque Country Aragón Cantabria Canary Islands Murcia Extremadura Navarre Castile and León Castile-La Mancha Madrid Rioja (La) Balearic Islands Ceuta and Melilla 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Source: INE. Migrations 2002. (*) Data relating to other Autonomous Communities does not include emigrations abroad. Gipuzkoa was the province in our Community with the smallest number of emigrations per thousand inhabitants, 8, in Bizkaia it was 10 and in Álava the number of emigrations per thousand inhabitants stood at 11. INCIDENCE OF IMMIGRATION The number of people coming from other autonomous communities or from abroad who established residence in the A.C. of the Basque Country reached the figure of 25,967 in 2002, which made 192 more immigrations than the previous year, increasing by 0.74% in relation to 2001. In 2002 the number of immigrations into the A.C. of the Basque Country was 12.3 per thousand inhabitants, standing 9 points below the overall average of the autonomous communities. Those that were above average, Castile-La Mancha, Ceuta-Melilla, the Canary Islands, the Valencian Community, Murcia, La Rioja, Madrid and the Balearic Islands, surpassed the A.C. of the Basque Country with figures that ranged between 24 and 37. 10
9. Incidence of immigration by Autonomous Community. 2002 (per 1,000 inhabitants) Galicia Asturias Extremadura A.C of the Basque Country Andalucía Aragón Navarre Catalonia Castile and León Cantabria Castile-La Mancha Ceuta and Melilla Canary Islands Community Valencian. Murcia Rioja (La) Madrid Balearic Islands 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Source: INE. Migrations 2001. Álava was the province in our Community with the greatest number of immigrations per thousand inhabitants, 18.8, followed by Bizkaia with 1.8 immigrations per thousand inhabitants and Gipuzkoa with 8.8 immigrations per thousand inhabitants. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS If we look at the age distribution of migrants, both intra-community and extra-community, we can see a great similarity between each migration group, except in the most senior age groups. The most numerous group corresponds in both cases to young people aged between 20 and 34, especially in the case of migrations taking place internally, with a percentage of 47%, 1 point higher than immigrations and 6 points more than extra-community emigrations. The following group in terms of importance was the group aged 35 to 49, accounting for 24% of internal migrants, 23% of emigrants and 21% of immigrants. The average age of emigrants was 38.5, which was three years higher than that of immigrants, which stood at 34.3. 11
10. Migrations by class and age group. 2002 % 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Inmigrations Emigrations Internal Migrations 0-19 years 20-34 years 35-49 years 50-64 years >=65 years The pattern of migratory balances by age group was similar across the three provinces. The most positive balance was among the young adult population (aged between 20 and 35), whereas the only age bracket to show negative balances was that of adults nearing retirement age (between 55 and 65). If the pattern of migratory balances by age group was similar in all three provinces, the incidence in Álava was considerably more positive even among those age groups where the balance was negative. If we look at the level of education, the least qualified accounted for 49% in immigrations and 51.2% in emigrations; the highest levels represented 16.8% in emigrations and 18.5% in immigrations. Another major element to consider in the analysis of migration is the place of birth of migrants, which does not necessarily coincide with their place of origin. Among immigrants, 50.2% were born in a foreign country, outnumbering those born in the A.C. of the Basque Country, which were 20.6% in 2002; just under 10% were born in neighbouring provinces (2.7% in Burgos, 2% in Cantabria, 2.3% in Navarre and 1.5% in La Rioja) and 8% were born in the Community of Castile and Leon. 12
11. Migrations by type and Autonomous Community of birth. 2002 Andalucía-Extremadura Cantabria Castile and León Catalonia/Community.Valencian Galicia Madrid Navarre A.C. of the Basque Country Inmigrations Emigrations Rioja (La) Other A.C Overseas 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % As for emigrants, one in two were born in the A.C. of the Basque Country and 11.5% in a province of Castile and Leon. ORIGIN AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY PROVINCE Bizkaia received 56% of the immigrations registered in the Community while giving rise to 58% of the emigrations. Gipuzkoa, which in 2002 attracted nearly one in four in-flows to the A.C. of the Basque Country, also registered one in four out-flows. Álava admitted 21% of immigrations and 16% of emigrations. The most frequent destination of internal migrations was within the same Province: in Bizkaia, the destination for 84% of departures was the same Province; in Gipuzkoa this occurred in 71% of cases, while in Álava this only happened in 51% of occasions. ORIGIN AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS BY DISTRICT AND MUNICIPALITY The three districts to register the greatest number of immigrations, emigrations and internal migrations were, logically, the ones that contained the capitals of each one of the Provinces. The Llanada Alavesa, Donostia-San Sebastián and Greater Bilbao concentrated three quarters of external movements (immigration/emigration) and 62% of internal movements. Furthermore, the three municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants absorbed 48% of immigration, 42% of emigration and almost one in four of internal migrations. If we look at the incidence of each type of migration on the population of each one of the districts, we can see that, regarding external migrations, Rioja Alavesa and Valles Alaveses registered the greatest 13
number of immigrations in relation to the size of their population, and were the only districts where inflows were over 3.6% and 2.4% respectively. The municipalities that stood out with in-flows of more than 3% of their population were located in the Southern part of the aforementioned districts of Álava bordering on Burgos and La Rioja, Leza, Oyón, Ribera Baja and Yécora/Iekora. As regards out-flows, the districts of Valles Alaveses and Rioja Alavesa had the highest number of emigrations in relation to the population size, exceeding 1% in both cases. 12. Incidence of immigration in destination municipalities. 2002 >=1,75 (32) 0,75/1,74 (103) 0,50/0,74 (51) <=0,49 (64) 14
13. Incidence of emigration in municipalities of origin. 2002 (percentages of the municipal population) >=1,00 (50) 0,50/0,99 (95) 0,25/0,49 (54) <=0,24 (51) 15
14. Incidence of internal migration in the municipalities of origin. 2002 (percentages of the municipal population) >=3,00 (78) 2,00/2,99 (90) 1,25/1,99 (60) <=1,24 (22) 16
15. Incidence of internal migration in the destination municipalities. 2002 (percentages of municipal population) >=5,00 (45) 2,50/4,99 (91) 1,25/2,49 (80) <=1,24 (34) The districts that held a strong attraction for intra-community migrations were Valles Alaveses, Montaña Alavesa, Estribaciones del Gorbea and Plentzia-Mungia, with an incidence of over 3% of the population. There were municipalities which attracted over 7% of their population: In Álava the municipality of Alegría-Dulantzi; in Bizkaia, Plentzia and Maruri/Jatabe; and in Gipuzkoa, Altzaga, and Irura. From the point of view of origin, out-flows due to internal migration exceeded 2% of the population in the districts of Valles Alaveses, Montaña Alavesa, Estribaciones del Gorbea, Plentzia-Mungia and Tolosa. There was an incidence of more than 5% in the municipalities of LaPuebla Labarca and Berriz. ORIGIN AND DESTINATION OF EXTRA-COMMUNITY MIGRATIONS The autonomous communities which contributed more to the population of the A.C. of the Basque Country than they received from it were the Canary Islands, Murcia, and Aragon, as well as the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, which gave a balance of 38 people. 2002 saw a positive balance of 9,890 people with overseas countries. The autonomous communities which were most attractive for emigrants from the A.C. of the Basque Country were, in order: Castile and León, Cantabria, Madrid and Navarre. Among the four of them, they received one in two people who left our Community. 17
Immigration of foreign nationals came to 12,184 in 2002, 7.3% more than the previous year, and accounted for 47% of the total number of in-flows into our Community. From 1988 onwards we have seen a notable increase in the number of entries of immigrants of a foreign nationality registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country. In absolute values, in-flows went from around 500 to more than 12,000 in 2002, which is to say that immigrations of foreign nationals multiplied by 24 in fourteen years. It should be taken into account that a number of the foreign immigrants came from other autonomous communities. In 2002, this occurred in 3,389 cases. 16. Migrations by type and Autonomous Community of origin or destination. 2002 Andalucía-Extremadura Cantabria Castile and León Catalonia/Valencian Community Galicia Madrid Navarre Rioja (La) Other A.C. Inmigrations Emigrations Overseas 0 10 20 30 40 50 % Bearing in mind the relationship between immigration-emigration and the origin or destination overseas, we see that emigration abroad was virtually non-existent, whereas immigrations came to 40.2% of the total. As regards provinces, Madrid, along with provinces from the surrounding area- Burgos, Cantabria, Navarre and La Rioja- registered a higher number of movements than the rest, receiving 26.7% of immigrations and giving rise to 47.6% of emigrations, remaining constant over recent years. 18
Error! 17. Immigrations by province of origin. 2002. (in percentages) >=4,01 (4) 2,01/4,00 (3) 1,01/2,00 (11) <=1,00 (31) 19
18. Emigration by destination province. 2002 (in percentages) 23,4 a 31 (7) 15,6 a 23,4 (4) 7,8 a 15,6 (15) 0 a 7,8 (23) RETURN MIGRATIONS 20.7% of out-flows from our Community were return migrations, which we understand as those whose destination is the province of birth. Álava was the province with the highest incidence of this type of emigration, 24.71% compared to 19.4% for Bizkaia. The most important birthplaces to which people returned were the communities of Castile and León, Galicia and Cantabria, accounting for five out of ten return emigrations originating in the A.C. of the Basque Country. 20
% 19. Type of migration by category 2002 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 Inmigrations 2 Emigrations 3 Internal Migrations Return Other category Of the external immigrations registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country, 10% were return immigrations, meaning that their destination was the same as the place of birth. Gipuzkoa, as has been the case since 1988, was the province with the highest percentage of return immigration, coming to 12.7% in 2002, followed by Bizkaia with 10% and Álava with 7.4%. Of the municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants, the most significant were Donostia-San Sebastian, Barakaldo, Bermeo and Eibar as municipalities where over one in seven immigrants were returning ones. Return immigrants, moving back from other communities to the municipality in which they were born, came principally from the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Cantabria and Rioja. MIGRATIONS OF FOREIGNERS Immigrations by foreign nationals totalled 12,184 in 2002, 7.3% more than the previous year accounting for 47% of the total number of in-flows into our Community. Nearly six out of ten had the nationality of an American country, fundamentally Colombia and Ecuador. Just under 20% corresponded to foreigners with African nationalities, especially Moroccan; almost 20% were divided between those with nationalities of a European country, mainly Portugal, and the remaining 4% were of an Asian nationality, chiefly Chinese. 21
% 20. Evolution of migrations of foreiners by type of migration (%) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Inmigrations Emigrations Since these statistics began in 1988 a substantial increase has been seen in the volume of in-flows of foreign nationals registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country. In absolute terms, numbers went from around 500 in-flows to over 12,000 in 2002, which is to say that in-flows of foreign nationals multiplied by 24 in fourteen years. It should be taken into account that a number of the foreign immigrants came from other autonomous communities. In 2002, this occurred in 3,389 cases. 21. Inmigrations of foreigners by nationality. 2002 21. Emigrations of foreigners by nationality. 2002 Europe América Asia Africa Oceanía Europe América Asia Africa Oceanía As regards emigrations, 1.933 foreigners left, representing 9.8% of the total number of emigrations. Five out of ten had an American nationality (chiefly Central and South American). Two out of ten had a European nationality, almost two were African and nearly one was Asian. 22
22. Evolution of immigrations of foreigners by nationality 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 Europe América 0 Asia 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Africa Oceanía Oceanía Africa Asia América Europe As regards the nationality of immigrants, and as part of general upward trend, the greatest increases corresponded to countries within Europe, which increased by 35.6% with regard to the previous year. Although to a lesser extent, a similar thing happened with African immigrants, with a 14.8% increase. 23
23. Evolution of emigrations of foreigners by nationality 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 Oceanía Africa 0 Asia 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Europa América Europe América Asia Africa Oceanía SIZE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION As had been the case in previous years, 47.9 immigrations were absorbed by municipalities over 100,000 inhabitants, 36.2% by those with between 10,001 and 100,000 inhabitants and the remaining 15.9% by those with less than 10,000 inhabitants. As regards the most popular size of destination municipality, we can see that immigrants coming from Navarre and La Rioja were especially inclined to establish residence in municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants. Those coming from Andalucia, Cantabria and Galicia preferred to move to intermediate sized municipalities with between 10,001and 100,000 inhabitants. 24
24. Immigrations by Autonomous Community of origin and size of destination municipality. 2002 Andalucía-Extremadura Cantabria Castile and León Catalonia/Valencian Comunity Galicia Madrid Navarre Rioja (La) A.C. of the Basque Country Overseas 0 10 20 30 40 50 % >100.000 10.001-100.000 <=10.000 Total As regards the place of origin, 41.6% of emigrations came from municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants, 44% from municipalities of between 10,001and 100,000 inhabitants and 14.3% came from municipalities of less than 10,000 inhabitants. Emigrations whose destination was Navarre or La Rioja had their origin chiefly in municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, whereas those whose destinations were communities such as Castile and León, Catalonia, the Valencian Community and Madrid were from municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Those who had Cantabria as their destination mainly came from intermediate sized municipalities with between 10,001and 100,000 inhabitants. 25
25. Emigrations by destination Autonomous Community and size of municipality of origin. 2002 Andalucía-Extremadura Cantabria Castile and León Catalonia/Valencian Community Galicia Madrid Navarre Rioja (La) A.C. of the Basque Country Overseas 0 5 10 15 20 25 % >100.000 10.001-100.000 <=10.000 Total INTRA-MUNICIPAL MIGRATIONS In 2000 the almost constant growth in the number of changes of residence within the same municipality registered in recent years in the municipalities in our community came to a halt, beginning again in 2001. In all three provinces over the decade the number of intra-municipal migrations more than doubled in relation to 1988. In 2002, 79,335 changes of residence were registered in the A.C. of the Basque Country, which is to say 5,570 intra-municipal migrations more than the previous year, representing a variation of 7.5%. More than four out of ten took place in the capitals and Bilbao alone accounted for 21% of them. 26
26. Incidence of intra-municipal migration by municipality >=3,75 (43) 2,50/3,74 (78) 1,25/2,49 (55) <=1,24 (74) The amount of intra-municipal migrations in each one of the capitals showed important differences in relation to their respective provinces; while Donostia-San Sebastián, for example, registered 30.9% of the changes of residence for Gipuzkoa, and Bilbao did so for 39.5% of those in Bizkaia, Vitoria- Gasteiz accounted for 82.7% of the intra-municipal migrations that took place in Álava. In the three capitals the municipal districts with the highest percentages of the population who stayed in the same district despite changing residence were: district I of Bilbao (Deusto, Ibarrekolanda, San Ignacio) with 67%, district VII of Donostia-San Sebastián (Alza, Bidebieta, Herrera) with 61% and district I of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Historical Centre) with 46%. On the other hand, in district VI (Rural area) of Vitoria-Gasteiz only 15% of residents changing residence remained. The least repeated in Donostia-San Sebastián was district II (Centre), with 23%. 27
27. Intra-municipal migrations by age groups and municipalities (>10.000 inhabitants) 2002 % 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bilbao Donostia-San Sebastian Vitoria-Gasteiz 0-19 años 20-34 años 35-49 años 50-64 años >=65 años As regards age, those aged 20 to 34 were the most numerous among those changing residence in municipalities of over 100,000 inhabitants, with percentages ranging from 34% in Donostia-San Sebastián to 45% in Vitoria-Gasteiz. The next most important group of people included those aged 35 to 49. 28. Intra-municipal migrations by place of birth and municipality (>100.000 inhabitants) 2002 % 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bilbao Donostia-San Sebastian Vitoria Araba Alava Bizkaia Guipuzcoa Other provinces If we look at the birthplace of those who registered a change of residence in municipalities of more than 100,000 inhabitants during 2002, as well as those born in the province itself, Vitoria-Gasteiz stands out for the percentage of people born outside of the Community (34%). Vitoria-Gasteiz also had higher percentages of people born in the other provinces of the Community than the other two capitals. 28