THE PRACTICE OF CRIMINAL LAW UNDER THE CPLR AND RELATED CIVIL PROCEDURE STATUTES SIXTH EDITION 2013 Honorable Edward M. Davidowitz
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... About the Author... xi xv CHAPTER ONE SERVICE OF PROCESS [1.0] I. Introduction... 3 [1.1] II. Personal Jurisdiction over Individuals, Business Enterprises and Government Agencies... 3 [1.2] A. Miscellaneous Provisions... 3 [1.3] 1. Qualifications of Process Servers... 3 [1.4] 2. Authority to Issue... 3 [1.5] 3. Witness Fees and Expenses... 4 [1.6] 4. Attendance Requirements... 4 [1.7] 5. Unknown Parties... 5 [1.8] B. Method of Service on Individuals... 6 [1.9] 1. Service on Natural Persons... 6 [1.10] 2. Service Within the State on an Infant, Incompetent or Conservatee... 7 [1.11] C. Method of Service on Business Enterprises... 8 [1.12] 1. Partnerships... 8 [1.13] 2. Domestic or Foreign Corporations... 8 [1.14] 3. Unincorporated Associations and Labor Organizations... 10 [1.15] 4. Limited Liability Companies... 10 [1.16] D. Method of Service on Nonresidents (Individuals and Business Enterprises)... 11 [1.17] E. Method of Service on Government Agencies... 12 [1.18] 1. The State... 13 [1.19] 2. New York City and Other Cities... 14 [1.20] 3. County... 14 [1.21] 4. Town and Village... 14 [1.22] 5. School District or Other District... 14 [1.23] 6. Court, Board or Commission... 14 [1.24] F. Service by Mail... 14 [1.25] G. Method of Service on Foreign Nationals... 15 [1.26] H. Method of Service of Summonses... 16 CHAPTER TWO MOTION PRACTICE [2.0] I. Introduction... 19 [2.1] II. Motions in Supreme and Criminal Courts... 19 [2.2] III. Service and Form of Motion Papers... 20 v
[2.3] A. Form and Content of Motion Papers, Affidavits and Exhibits... 20 [2.4] B. Procedural Requirements... 22 [2.5] IV. Mistakes, Omissions and Extensions... 28 [2.6] V. Orders and Motions Relating to Orders and Parties... 29 [2.7] VI. Motions to Quash or Modify Subpoenas... 33 CHAPTER THREE PROCEDURES FOR THE DISCLOSURE AND RELEASE OF DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS OF COURTS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES [3.0] I. Disclosure and Release of Government Agency Records Pursuant to New York Law... 37 [3.1] A. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law... 37 [3.2] B. Banking Law... 38 [3.3] C. Civil Rights Law... 38 [3.4] D. Correction Law... 43 [3.5] E. County Law... 44 [3.6] F. Domestic Relations Law... 45 [3.7] G. Education Law... 45 [3.8] H. Energy Law... 47 [3.9] I. Executive Law... 48 [3.10] J. Family Court Act... 49 [3.11] K. General Business Law... 52 [3.12] L. Insurance Law... 53 [3.13] M. Judiciary Law... 53 [3.14] N. Labor Law... 54 [3.15] O. Mental Hygiene Law... 55 [3.16] P. Military Law... 58 [3.17] Q. Police Department Regulations... 58 [3.18] R. Public Health Law... 59 [3.19] S. Public Housing Law... 64 [3.20] T. Public Officers Law... 65 [3.21] U. Real Property Transfer Tax Law (N.Y.C. Admin. Code 11-2115)... 68 [3.22] V. Social Services Law... 68 [3.23] W. State Technology Law... 72 [3.24] X. Tax Law... 72 [3.25] Y. Vehicle and Traffic Law and Highway Safety... 73 [3.26] Z. Workers Compensation Law... 74 vi
[3.27] II. Disclosure and Release of Government Agency Records Pursuant to Federal Law... 74 [3.28] A. Criminal History Information... 74 [3.29] B. Department of Justice... 75 [3.30] C. Department of Health and Human Services... 75 [3.31] D. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act... 76 [3.32] E. Food and Drug Administration... 76 [3.33] F. Internal Revenue Service... 76 [3.34] G. Food Stamp Program... 77 [3.35] H. Public Health Service... 77 [3.36] I. Social Security Administration (SSA)... 77 [3.37] J. Records Maintained on Individuals... 78 CHAPTER FOUR RULES FOR DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE IN CIVIL ACTIONS [4.0] I. Scope of Disclosure... 81 [4.1] II. Procedural Requirements for the Production of Evidence... 85 CHAPTER FIVE CONTEMPT PROVISIONS AND SANCTIONS [5.0] I. Failure to Comply with Subpoena... 89 [5.1] II. Failure to Obey Disclosure Order... 90 [5.2] III. Costs and Sanctions... 91 CHAPTER SIX RULES OF EVIDENCE [6.0] I. Introduction... 95 [6.1] II. Privileged Communications... 96 [6.2] A. Statutory Privileges... 96 [6.3] 1. CPLR Article 45... 96 [6.4] a. Attorneys and Clients... 97 [6.5] b. Physicians, Dentists, Chiropractors, Podiatrists, Nurses and Their Patients... 102 [6.6] c. Clergy-Parishioner... 107 [6.7] d. Psychologist-Patient... 108 [6.8] e. Spouses... 109 [6.9] f. Social Workers... 110 [6.10] g. Library Records... 111 [6.11] 2. Banking Law... 112 [6.12] 3. Secrets of State and Other Official Information... 112 vii
[6.13] B. Judicial Privilege... 112 [6.14] C. Common Law Privileges... 112 [6.15] 1. Parent-Child... 113 [6.16] 2. Public Officers... 115 [6.17] 3. Common Interest... 117 [6.18] 4. Executive-Legislative... 118 [6.19] 5. Personal Privacy... 119 [6.20] 6. Scholar-Researcher... 119 [6.21] 7. Academic Records and Materials... 120 [6.22] 8. Labor Union Leaders... 120 [6.23] 9. Trade Secrets... 121 [6.24] 10. Secrecy of the Vote... 121 [6.25] 11. Other Privileges... 121 [6.26] III. Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule... 123 [6.27] A. Public and Government Records and Laws... 124 [6.28] 1. CPLR Rules of Evidence... 124 [6.29] 2. Other Statutory Rules of Evidence... 130 [6.30] a. Agriculture and Markets Law... 130 [6.31] b. Arts and Cultural Affairs Law... 131 [6.32] c. Banking Law... 131 [6.33] d. Business Corporation Law... 132 [6.34] e. Common Law... 133 [6.35] f. County Law... 133 [6.36] g. Education Law... 133 [6.37] h. Election Law... 134 [6.38] i. Environmental Conservation Law... 134 [6.39] j. Executive Law... 134 [6.40] k. Federal Law... 135 [6.41] l. General Business Law... 135 [6.42] m. General City Law... 135 [6.43] n. Judiciary Law... 136 [6.44] o. Labor Law... 136 [6.45] p. Legislative Law... 136 [6.46] q. Multiple Dwelling Law... 136 [6.47] r. Municipal Home Rule Law... 137 [6.48] s. Not-for-Profit Corporation Law... 137 [6.49] t. Public Health Law... 137 [6.50] u. Public Housing Law... 138 [6.51] v. Public Lands Law... 138 [6.52] w. Public Officers Law... 138 [6.53] x. Public Service Law... 138 [6.54] y. Rapid Transit Law... 138 viii
[6.55] z. Real Property Actions & Proceedings Law... 139 [6.56] z.1. Real Property Law... 139 [6.57] z.2. Second Class Cities Law... 140 [6.58] z.3. Social Services Law... 140 [6.59] z.4. State Technology Law... 140 [6.60] z.5. Surrogate s Court Procedure Act... 141 [6.61] z.6. Tax Law... 142 [6.62] z.7. Town Law... 142 [6.63] z.8. Transportation Law... 142 [6.64] z.9. Uniform Commercial Code... 142 [6.65] z.10. United States Code... 143 [6.66] z.11. Village Law... 143 [6.67] B. Business Records, Publications and Legal Instruments; CPLR Rules of Evidence... 144 CHAPTER SEVEN RULES RELATING GENERALLY TO THE COMPETENCY, QUALIFICATIONS, NATURE AND STATUS OF WITNESSES AND JUDICIAL NOTICE [7.0] I. Expert Witnesses... 161 [7.1] II. Impeachment of Witnesses and Use of Depositions... 161 [7.2] III. Competency of Witnesses... 162 [7.3] IV. Judicial Notice of Law... 164 [7.4] V. Miscellaneous Provisions... 165 CHAPTER EIGHT SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS [8.0] I. Article 78 Proceedings... 171 [8.1] A. Introduction... 171 [8.2] B. Procedures for Commencing an Article 78 Proceeding... 172 [8.3] II. Habeas Corpus Proceedings... 174 [8.4] A. Petition and Writ... 174 [8.5] B. The Proceedings... 177 [8.6] 1. Procedures for Compliance... 177 [8.7] 2. The Hearing... 178 Table of Authorities... 181 ix
ABOUT THE AUTHOR HONORABLE EDWARD M. DAVIDOWITZ Edward Davidowitz was a Justice of the Supreme Court for the criminal branch of the Bronx County Supreme Court. He is currently serving as a Judicial Hearing Officer in that court. Judge Davidowitz was admitted to the bar in 1959 after earning his J.D. from Cornell Law School. Prior to his court appointments, Judge Davidowitz was an assistant district attorney for six years, worked in private practice for eleven years and served in various capacities in the Office of the Special Prosecutor for the Investigation of the New York City Criminal Justice System. He is a member of the New York State Bar Association, The Association of the Bar of the City of New York and a former member of its Council on Judicial Administration, Council on Criminal Justice, Committee on Criminal Advocacy, Committee on Criminal Law, Committee on Criminal Justice Operations and Budget, and Committee on Criminal Courts. He is also the author of The Practice of Criminal Law Under the CPLR and Related Civil Procedure Statutes, Fifth Edition (NYSBA 2009; Supplement 2011). xv