Populism: Problems & Politics
APK Populist were farmers based grass-roots movement Moved West with the land grants Railroads moved West with land grants too Fight over land & prices with railroads 2
Importance Populists supported as way to increase crop prices and back paper currency. A. the gold standard B. bimetallism C. tin D. Greenbacks 3
A Populist President? William Jennings Bryan Ran as a Populist President in 1896 on platform of Free Silver Tried to attract Industrial workers to no avail. Big business opposes his run, You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold -- W.J. Bryan CFU: Who ran as a Populist Presidental nominee? Pair Share: Why would big business now support the Populist party? 4
1892 Presidential Campaign End the hands-off agenda of the U.S. Government Government ownership of the railroads (West) Finance Reform (Eastern Banks) Enforce Sherman Anti-Trust Act against cartels & Monopolies Bi-metalism Australian Ballot (secret ballot) Direct election of Senators (not by State Legislature) CFU: What was the Populist view of the government? Who should own the railroads Pair Share: If the Populist don t like the Government why should they take over the RR? 5
Election of 1892 Defeat Won millions of votes out West, not on the East. Decide to join forces with the Democratic Party to get their agenda passed. CFU: Who would the Populists have to convince of their agenda? Pair Share: Why do you believe the Populists would have more support in the West? 6
Populist Party & Free Silver Why? What? Populists believed that this would solve nearly all of the farmer s problems They wanted to use both silver and gold coins, thus increasing the amount of money in the country All money would be worth less, a situation that was bad for creditors (big banks) good for debtors (farmers) CFU: What is free silver? Pair Share: What is the effect of having money based on precious medals? 7
Silver or Gold? Populist main concern was which metal to use for nation s monetary system: bimetallism (gold and silver) or gold alone. ratio of 16 units of silver to one of gold This has fluctuated over the years, but the standard remains between 14:1 and16:1 CFU: What is bimetallism? Pair Share: Why do you think gold is worth more than silver?
Who are they really???? Populists were not folk heroes The were coming up with new ideas to return America to its agrarian past (negative reform) Populism represented a class movement that was based on racism, anti-semitism and sectionalism, but not nationalism They turned to the city only for labor support CFU: Are the Populist a fringe group or a mainstream group? Pair Share: Is there a way that the Populist would have ever won the office of President?
The Wizard of Oz Written by Active Populist L. Frank Baum Most things in the book represent something important to the populist movement 10
The Wizard of Oz Basic Symbols: Ruby Slippers - In the book, were actually Silver Slippers (magic of Free Silver) Yellow Brick Road - Gold many dangers for regular people (like Dorothy) Oz - Abbreviation for Ounce (way gold is measured) 11
The Wizard of Oz Characters: Dorothy - Everyman Scarecrow - Farmers Tin Man - Industrial Workers 12
The Wizard of Oz Characters: Lion - William Jennings Byran (a pacifist) Toto Temperance Activists (allies of the Populists) Wizard - President of the United States 13
The Wizard of Oz Places: Emerald City Good Witches of North & South - Washington D.C. (in the book, the color came from Green Glasses that everyone wore, a trick) - Directions where Populists had friends (Midwest and South) 14
Importance Populists supported as way to increase crop prices and back paper currency. A. the gold standard B. bimetallism C. tin D. Greenbacks 15
Closure Who was the leader of the Populist movement? A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Boss Tweed C. Andrew Carnegie D. William Jennings Bryan 16
Closure William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the gold standard because it would A. eliminate paper money and switch the country to gold coins. B. allow bankers and businessmen to use either gold or paper money. C. limit supply and access to money for workers and farmers. D. increase the supply of paper money, making it almost worthless. 17
Closure Which group most strongly supported free coinage of silver? A. factory workers. B. farmers. C. retired people. D. Southern bankers. 18
Closure During the 1896 presidential campaign, Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan A. alienated African American voters. B. captured the Populist nomination. C. gained the support of the northern states. D. ran on a gold-standard platform. 19