University of Ulm International Summer Program European Integration Germany An Introduction Kai Kohler, Monday, June 27, 2005 University of Ulm, International Summer Program 2005, June 1 - July 29, 2005 Germany p. 1/2
Germany An Introduction Basic Facts Economic Facts Political System Germany p. 2/2
Map of Germany Germany p. 3/2
Germany p. 4/2 Germany Some Basic Facts Founding member of the European Union Largest country in the EU in terms of income and population World Champion in terms of exports German exports are about 10 percent of total world trade > about the same figure as compared with the USA At the eastern border of the old EU (15) and at the center of the new EU (25)
Map of Europe Germany p. 5/2 Seite 1 von
Germany p. 6/2 Some basic Facts Area: 357 000 sq km, slightly smaller than Montana Climate: warm in summer, snow in winter Population: about 82 mill. people GDP total: bill. US $ 2271 GDP per capita: US $ 28 000 Working time: about 20 percent below US-levels Natural resources: not very much
Germany p. 7/2 Basic Facts, continued Capital: Berlin (formerly divided) 16 states: 5 East, 10 West, Berlin National holiday: October 3 (1990) German (formal) unification National sport: Soccer we call it Fußball > football Next year s FIFA World Championship will be in Germany, this year s Confed Cup is in Germany
The German States Seite 1 Germany p. 8/2
Germany p. 9/2 Key Economic Data Annual economic growth: recently about 1 percent Unemployment: about 10 percent West Germany: 8 percent, East Germany 18 percent Inflation: less than 2 percent Trade balance: surplus above 4 percent of GDP Fiscal budget: deficit above 3 percent of GDP Public debt: above 60 percent of GDP averages since 2001
Germany in the World income population total per capita bill. US $ US $ millions Germany 2271 28 000 82 EU-15 10105 27 000 379 EU-25 11046 25 000 456 USA 10990 38 000 293 Japan 3582 28 000 127 World 51500 8 000 6400 figures for 2003, Purchasing Power Parities Source: World Factbook www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ Germany p. 10/2
Germany p. 11/2 The Development of the Poplulation 400 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 Germany USA Japan EU-15 in millions
The Development of real GDP 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 Germany USA Japan EU-15 GDP total, bill. US $, Purchasing Power Parities 1996 Source: Penn World Tables Germany p. 12/2
Germany p. 13/2 German Economic Growth: A long-run View 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 index of real GDP, index 1913 =100 Source: Maddison
Germany p. 14/2 GDP: A Logarithmic Scale 1600 800 400 200 100 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 index of real GDP, log. scale
Germany p. 15/2 Germany: Trend growth 1600 800 400 200 100 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 index of real GDP trend logarithmic scale
Germany p. 16/2 German Economic Growth in the 20th Century Trend growth of about 3 % per year This implies a doubling of income in 25 years This implies an increase from 100 to 1 600 in 100 years Despite two devastating world wars Fast recovery after World War II Slowdown of growth since the nineties
Germany p. 17/2 GDP Growth: A Comparison with the USA 1600 800 400 200 100 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 Germany USA index of real GDP, index 1913 =100, log scale
Germany p. 18/2 A Comparison with the USA Similar growth trend in the 20th century 3 percent annual growth 1900 2000 Higher growth rates after World War II until the eighties > catching-up Slower growth since the eighties > widening of the gap Reasons: working time, labor market problems income gap: about 1/3 working time gap: about 20 percent employment gap: about 10 percentage points
Germany p. 19/2 Productivity Growth.12.08.04.00 -.04 -.08 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 Germany USA growth rate of GDP per worker, Purchasing Power Parities 1996
Germany p. 20/2 Productivity Growth Differences.12.08.04.00 -.04 -.08 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00.12.08.04.00 -.04 -.08 Germany USA difference growth rate of GDP per worker, Purchasing Power Parities 1996
Germany p. 21/2 Political System Chief of State: President Horst Köhler former IMF Managing Director Head of Government: Chancellor Gerhard Schröder Vice Chancellor: Joschka Fischer Minister of Foreign Affairs Parliaments Bundestag: Federal parliament, dominated by SPD/Greens coalition Bundesrat: The representation of the states dominated by CDU/Liberals coalitions
Germany p. 22/2 Political Parties Social Democrats (SPD) Alliance 90/Greens head of Federal Government Christian Democrats (CDU) leader: Angela Merkel together with FDP heads of most state governments Liberal Democrats (FDP) others (some of them) Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), popular in East Germany National Democrats (NPD, others), not very popular