Migration, Mobility and Integration in the European Labour Market Lorenzo Corsini
Content of the lecture We provide some insight on -The degree of differentials on some key labourmarket variables across the EU -The flow of migrant and immigrant -The key facts on European mobility -The key issues in the EU labourmarket integration
One and two direction Migration Mobilityand migrationmayemerge astwodistinct, though related, ways. In onecase, peoplefrom onearea moveto another one, butthe reverse isnottrue(i.e. peoplefrom Poland moveto Germany butpeoplefrom Germany do notmoveto Poland). Thisemergesasa consequences of disparity in economic prosperity. In the other cases, mobility among two countries happenin bothdirection(polishmoveto Germany and Germansmoveto Poland). Thiswouldbe a consequence of strong integration.
Bulgaria Malta Romania Lithuania Latvia Turkey Slovakia Hungary Croatia Estonia Czech Republic Poland Portugal Slovenia Greece Italy Spain Ireland Finland Denmark France Belgium Iceland Sweden Austria Japan United Kingdom Germany Norway Netherlands United States Luxembourg Switzerland 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Average net monthly earning in Italian Purchasing Power, 2015 Source: Eurostat
Iceland Czech Republic Germany Malta Norway United Kingdom United States Hungary Romania Netherlands Austria Denmark Poland Luxembourg Estonia Sweden Bulgaria Belgium Ireland Lithuania Slovenia European Union Finland Latvia Slovakia France Turkey Portugal Italy Cyprus Croatia Spain Greece.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 Unemployment Rate in Europe, 2016 Source: Eurostat
Iceland Slovakia Norway Slovenia Czech Republic Finland Sweden Belgium Netherlands Austria Denmark Malta Hungary Luxembourg France Switzerland Ireland Germany Croatia Poland European Union Italy United Kingdom Cyprus Macedonia Portugal Greece Spain Estonia Latvia Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Serbia Turkey.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 Gini Index in Europe 2015. Source: Eurostat
Some stylized facts Wagesand incomelargelydifferswithinthe EU members. Eastern countries show much lower wages Unemploymentrateslargelydifferswithinthe EU members. Southern countries have higher unemployment rates The degree of inequality is quite different across EU Eastern and southern countries have larger inequality but this trend is not always confirmed.
Different Kind of Mobility Long term mobility: people that move their residence to work and live in another country. Cross bordermobility: peoplethatlive in a country but cross border to work into another. WorkerPosting: peoplethatlive and work in a country but are temporarily assigned in another one.
Some data on total mobility Source: European Commission, Mobility Report 2016
Top country of destination - 2014
Share of total population Poland Lithuania Turkey Bulgaria Romania Latvia Croatia Slovenia Hungary Slovakia Portugal Estonia Finland Czech Republic Greece France Italy Netherlands Sweden Denmark Malta Spain Germany United Kingdom Norway Iceland Austria Belgium Ireland Cyprus Switzerland 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 Stock of migrants from EU in 2016. Source: Eurostat 0.18 Stock migrants from EU
Emigration Rates European Commission, Mobility Report 2016
Education of intra-movers European Commission, Mobility Report 2016
European Employment Services - EURES EURES provides support services to jobseekers and employers through a human network composed by staff working in the participating organisations. EURES organisations provide in particular information to jobseekers on individual employment opportunities.
Providing or referring to general information on living and working conditions as well as on relevant administrative procedures regarding employment in the country of destination; Providing assistance with the drawing up of job applications and CVs to ensure conformity with the European technical standards and formats.
EURES - information on job vacancies
Real Integration? 2016 2006 Polish 704000 326596 Italian 557000 540000 French 111650 102000 Foreigners in Germany from selected countries
Real Integration? From country to Germany Poland 704000 5366 From Germany to country Italian 557000 36000 French 111650 88000 Foreigners in Germany from selected countries
Extra EU mobility