Reconstruction Reconstruction Plans: Chapter 14, Section 1 Political ideas and major events shape how people form governments. Northern politicians disagreed on how to bring the Southern states back into the Union.
Reconstruction Debate Main idea: Differences over how Reconstruction after the Civil War should be carried out divided the government. Tired, ragged Confederate soldiers returned home to ruined land and devastation...
Destruction in the South Union was saved...but South was destroyed Cities/plantations ruined Roads/bridges/railroads destroyed (Thanks a lot, Sherman!) 258,000+ dead Rebels, with thousands injured South needed rebuilding, everyone knew it, but how?? RECONSTRUCTION (the period of rebuilding following the Civil War, and the plans for it)
Lincoln s Plan Lincoln created the 1st plan for accepting South back into Union: The Ten Percent Plan When 10% of voters of a state took a loyalty oath, that state could be readmitted (created a new government, and accept the changes [banned slavery] to the Constitution) Hoped to encourage pro-union Southerners to run state governments, and offered amnesty to all but the Confederate leaders, who gave loyalty to Union 1864, LA, AK, TN accepted Lincoln s plan Radical Republicans disliked, favored a more extreme
The Radicals Plan Led by Thaddeus Stevens, and declaring that South must be broken up and relaid Congress voted to deny seats to representatives from any state reconstructed under Lincoln s plan (LA, AK, TN) and started a new, more harsh, plan Wade-Davis Bill: 1) MOST white males in a state had to swear loyalty to Union, 2) only those who didn t fight (as rebels) would be allowed to vote, 3) former Confederates barred from public office 4) all new state constitutions must end slavery Lincoln REFUSED to sign bill into law
The Freedmen s Bureau 1865,Congress/president set up new government agency to help former slaves (freedmen) Helped them adjust to freedom Distributed food/clothing Medical services Set up schools/universities Helped them to acquire land or paid work Also helped pro-union Southerners
Charlotte Forten 1st African American schoolteacher (from the North) to go south to teach former slaves Taught for two years as a part of The Port Royal Experiment Kept a journal of years teaching, expressing her commitment and feelings as a young African American woman growing up in a mostly white country After teaching, lived in DC working to support civil
1. What difficulties would African Americans face in the South following the Civil War? 2. How did Northerners views differ about how to bring Southern states back into the Union? 3. What was Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan?
Lincoln is Assassinated Main idea: After Lincoln was assassinated, Johnson became presidents and announced his plan of Restoration. Shot by John Wilkes Booth, a proconfederate actor, at Ford s Theater on April 14, 1865 Booth fled, but was tracked down and shot when he refused
A Nation Mourns News of Lincoln s death shocked the nation African Americans mourned their champion for freedom Northerners grieved for Union savior Thousands of people lined the route of his 1,700 mile funeral train, lit by candles/bonfires, and punctuated by cannon fire and bell tolls His 2nd Inaugural Address was read at the cemetery as a reminder of peace and forgiveness, but unfortunately a harsher tactic would be used in regards to the Confederacy as time progresses
A New President VP Andrew Johnson took over after Lincoln Southern (from TN), but pro-union As a candidate, he attacked southern leaders, calling them traitors Radical Republicans were pleased with Johnson/ideas Expected him/his plan to be harsher than Lincoln/10% His Reconstruction plan: most Southerners would be granted amnesty after swearing loyalty, Confederates could be pardoned after appeal to president (wanted to humiliate the wealthy), allowed only
The Thirteenth Amendment Before reentering the Union, a state had to denounce secession and end slavery Had to ratify Thirteenth Amendment (abolished slavery in ALL states) By end of 1865, all had...except Texas
1. What barriers did the freedmen face during the first stages of the Port Royal Experiment? 2. How did President Johnson s plan for Reconstruction differ from that of the Radical Republicans? 3. What did the Thirteenth Amendment provide? 4. What was the Freedmen s Bureau and what was its goal? 5. How did Lincoln s Ten Percent Plan compare to the WadeDavis Bill?