Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896) Section 1 Reconstruction Plans
If you were President Lincoln, how would you have treated the South after it lost the Civil War? A. I would have punished the South severely. B. I would have forgiven the states and allowed them to rejoin the Union immediately. C. I would have allowed the southern states to rejoin the Union as soon as they denounced slavery. A. A B. B C. C D. I would have allowed the states to rejoin the Union but not given them representation in government for a certain amount of time. D. D
Q i u e s t o n How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War?
Reconstruction Debate The Union was saved Now the challenge was reuniting and rebuilding the country The Southern states needed to be readmitted The Southern economy and society also needed to be rebuilt Americans disagreed on how this should happen The period of rebuilding is called Reconstruction Also refers to the various plans for readmitting the Southern states to the Union
Lincoln s Plan December 1863, during the Civil War Lincoln introduced the Ten Percent Plan When 10% of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government And adopt a new constitution that banned slavery Lincoln believed that punishing the South would serve no purpose and would only delay healing the torn nation
Lincoln s Plan Continued Lincoln offered amnesty (a pardon) To all white Southerners who were willing to swear loyalty to the Union Except Confederate leaders 1864-3 states under Union occupation (Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee) set up governments under the plan But the Congress refused to seat the states representatives
The Radicals Plan Some Republicans saw Lincoln s plan too forgiving They favored a more radical approach and were called the Radical Republicans Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens said that Southern institutions must be broken up and relaid, or all our blood and treasure have been spent in vain Congress was controlled by the Radical Republicans and voted to deny seats to representatives from any state that was readmitted under Lincoln s plan
July 1864- Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill To rejoin the Union, a state had to meet several requirements 1. A majority of the state s white males had to swear loyalty to the Union 2. Only white males who swore they had not fought against the Union could vote for delegates to a state constitutional convention 3. New state constitutions had to ban slavery The bill would also ban former Confederates from holding public office Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln s Response Lincoln refused to sign the Wade- Davis Bill But he wanted state governments to form quickly Lincoln wanted order restored in the South as soon as possible Lincoln would have to compromise with the Radical Republicans
Which of the following was a provision of the Wade-Thomas Bill? A. African American males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union. B. Former Confederates could not hold public office. C. Confederate states could be admitted to the Union even if they kept slavery. A. A B. B C. C D. Half of all delegates to a constitutional convention had to be formerly enslaved people. D. D
The Freedmen s Bureau March 1865- Lincoln and Congress set up the Freedmen s Bureau The bureau helped African Americans adjust to freedom It provided food, clothing, and medical services Also helped freed people acquire land or find work for fair wages Also set up schools and gave aid to new African American institutions of higher learning Including Atlanta University, Howard University, and Fisk University
April 14 th, 1865 President Lincoln attended a play at Ford s Theatre in Washington, D.C. John Wilkes Booth entered the private box and shot Lincoln in the head Lincoln died hours later Vice President Andrew Johnson became president John soon revealed his plan for Reconstruction (Called- Restoration)
Restoration Johnson s plan would grant amnesty to most Southerners once they swore loyalty to the Union High-ranking Confederates could be pardoned only by appealing to the president This showed that Johnson wanted to humiliate the leaders who he believed had tricked the South s people into seceding Johnson said only loyal, pardoned whites could vote for delegates to the state constitutional conventions Johnson stated white men alone must manage the South Johnson opposed equal rights for African Americans
Restoration Continued States had to denounce secession and ban slavery before reentering the Union States also had to ratify the 13 th amendment (Abolished slavery in the US) By the end of 1865 all former confederate states had new governments and were ready to rejoin the Union Except Texas
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish? A. It welcomed former Confederate states back into the Union. B. It made secession illegal. C. It pardoned Confederate leaders. D. It abolished slavery throughout the Union. A. A B. B C. C D. D
Q i u e s t o n How did plans to unify the nation differ after the Civil War? -Lincoln wanted to avoid punishing to promote healing, so he offered amnesty to all white Southerners except Confederate leaders -Radical Republicans favored harsher measures that would break up and rebuild the South s institutions and ban former Confederates from holding office -Johnson wanted to pardon most Southerners but humiliate Confederate leaders
Chapter 17 Section 1 Quiz
The period after the Civil War is know as Rebuilding. A. True B. False
The Ten Percent Plan required 10 percent of the voters of a state to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy. A. True B. False
In 1864 the Union army occupied Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. A. True B. False
The Wade-Davis Bill countered the Ten Percent Plan. A. True B. False
Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play. A. True B. False
The period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War was called A. amnesty. B. war spoils. C. Reconstruction. D. Civil War Rebuilding.
What is the name of the decree that required a majority of the white males in a state to swear loyalty to the Union? A. Ten Percent Plan B. Wade-Davis Bill C. Reconstruction Bill D. Freedmen's Bureau
African Americans were helped to make the transition to freedom by the A. Wade-Davis Plan. B. Ten Percent Plan. C. Reconstruction Act. D. Freedmen's Bureau.
President Abraham Lincoln was A. the White House. B. Ford's Theater. C. Samuel Mudd's house. D. William Petersen's house. shot at
The person who was president after Lincoln was A. Andrew Johnson. B. Daniel Webster. C. John C. Calhoun. D. Andrew Jackson.