SSUSH18A thru E A New President and A New Deal

SSUSH18A thru E A New President and A New Deal

Who was FDR? 1882: Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born into a Wealthy New York Family. He grew up in an atmosphere of privileged society. He attended an Episcopal Boarding School in Massachusetts. He learned to speak German & French during trips to Europe. 1903: He graduated from Harvard University in Mass. 1904 1907: He attended Columbia University Law School. 1907: He passed the New York State Bar (Licensed Attorney). 1905: He married his 5 th Cousin Eleanor Roosevelt. Her Uncle, Teddy Roosevelt, gave away the Bride.

Who was FDR? 1910-1913: He served in the New York State Senate. He Opposed the Bosses of Tammany Hall. 1913-1919: He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He Founded the United States Naval Reserve. 1920: He ran for Vice-President against Pres. Warren G. Harding s Election. 1921: He contracted Polio, which resulted in Paralysis. 1926: Purchased Resort in Warm Springs, Ga. Spent years using Hydrotherapy. 1929-1932: He served as the Governor of New York.

Becoming President 1932: Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for President. I Pledge You, I Pledge Myself to a New Deal. This is more than a Political Campaign. It is a Call to Arms! He called for abandoning the Gold Standard, reducing the value of the dollar to fight the recession. He also felt to Repeal Prohibition meant bringing in needed Tax Revenues. Although FDR won the Presidential Election by a landslide: 4,000 had Banks Collapsed and 1/4 were Unemployed During his inauguration, FDR stated: Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself

The First New Deal President Roosevelt s first Hundred Days were focused on a Strategy of Immediate Relief. He established a Brain Trust of academic advisors made up of Columbia and Harvard Professors and Alumni. These advisors adopted ideologies ranging from: President Theodore Roosevelt s New Nationalism Supporting Business & Government Cooperation President Woodrow Wilson s New Freedom Supporting Trust Busting to Restore Competition The first thing the President needed to fix was the Banking Problem. He declared a Banking Holiday (closing all banks) and met with Congress.

The First New Deal A New President and A New Deal 9 May 1933 Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act. Reopening Banks considered to be economically sound by the Federal Reserve. 12 May 1933 Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). Restricting Agricultural Production by paying farmers Subsidies not to plant some crops or slaughter excess livestock. 18 May 1933 Congress established the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Federally Owned Corporation to provide Flood Control, Hydroelectric Power, Navigation Regulations, and Economic Development. 16 June 1933 Congress created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC). Federally Owned Corporation to provide Government Insurance on Bank Deposits and Investments.

The First New Deal 16 Jun 1933 Congress passed the National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA). An attempt to Suspend Anti-Trust Laws, Raise Prices, Stimulate Economy 1935: U.S. Supreme Court declared the act Unconstitutional 6 Jun 1934 Congress created the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). To Regulate the Stock Market and Prevent Trader Fraud Creating New Jobs 1933-1934: Civil Works Administration (CWA) Provide Men with Jobs instead of Handouts Boost Morale of Unemployed Americans Mostly Unemployed & Unskilled Mean Improved Sewers and Roadways Built Schools, Playgrounds, & Airports

Creating New Jobs 1933-1942: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) A Rural Public Works Relief Program Unemployed and Unmarried Men Hired mostly Unskilled Laborers Living in Camps with Cot, Uniforms, Food Conservation Projects (National Parks) 1933-1943: Public Works Administration (PWA) Large Scale Government Construction Agency Built Dams, Bridges, Hospitals, and City halls 1935-1943: Works Projects Administration (WPA) Urban Public Works Relief Program Mostly Unemployed & Unskilled Men Construction of Roads, Parks, & Schools

The 21 st Amendment 5 Dec 1933 Ratified by State Conventions Rejected by the Deep South (NC, SC, GA) Repealed 18 th Amendment on Prohibition Gave Power to the States to establish their own laws on alcohol. Political Opposition to the New Deal Left Wing Liberals or Radicals New Deal Programs Didn t do enough to help the poor Wanted Government to do more by Expanding Programs Wanted to shift Economic Power from Rich to Middle Class Americans Right Wing Conservatives Too many Regulations on Businesses Expanded Government Controls threatened States Rights Opposed President s Deficit Spending to pay for New Deal Abandoned Balanced Budget by Borrow Money for programs

Political Opposition to the New Deal Louisiana Senator Huey Long was a Champion for the Poor A Fiery Orator who appealed to the American Public He attacked the Power, Greed, & Corruption of the Rich His Supporters formed Share the Wealth Clubs Father Charles Coughlin was Impatient with Reforms A Popular Catholic Priest with a Radio Talk Show He called for Heavier Taxes on the Wealthy He formed the National Union for Social Justice Dr. Francis Townsend (Former Health Care Official) Proposed a Pension System for Elderly (Over 60) People could Retire and Free up Jobs for Unemployed Anticipated Program would Increase Public Spending

The Second New Deal A New President and A New Deal Political Opposition to the New Deal Aug 1934 Business Leaders and Politicians formed the American Liberty League to oppose the New Deal Proposed to Teach the Legislature on how to Legislate Laws Teach the Necessity of Respecting People s Rights and their Property Foster the Right for People to Work, Earn, Save, and Own Property May 1935 The U.S. Supreme Court declared the NIRA Unconstitutional. First The term Fair Competition wasn t adequately defined in the law Second Giving power & authority to the President was Unconstitutional July 1935 Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act Guaranteed Employees the right to Organize Trade Unions Provided for Collective Bargaining (Negotiations) between Employees and Businesses concerning better Working Conditions and Wages

The Second New Deal A New President and A New Deal The New Act stimulated workers in various industries to create the Committee for Industrial Organization: Set out to organize workers unions in Industries where they did not yet exist Laid the Foundation for Creating the AFL - CIO Aug 1935 Congress Passed the Social Security Act Establishing the Social Security Administration Providing Benefits to Retirees and Aged Individuals Providing Welfare Payments to Families with Children Providing Temporary Income to the Unemployed Jan 1936 U.S. Supreme Court Declared the AAA Unconstitutional First The Law Levied Taxes on Food Processors and Gave Subsidies to Food Producers Second Regulation of Agriculture was deemed a States Rights Issue

Two Political Mistakes A New President and A New Deal Early 1937 Judicial Procedures Reform Bill Commonly known as the Court Packing Plan Presidential Proposal to increase the number of Justices in the Supreme Court Effort to get better rulings on New Deal Acts The Court Backed Down & the bill was set aside Late 1937 President Roosevelt ordered spending cutbacks in PWA & WPA Intended to help Balance the Federal Budget Resulted in sudden surge of Unemployment Approximately 2 Million lost their jobs President s Reputation and Support damaged

The Last New Deal Reforms July 1937 Farm Security Administration (FSA) Stressed need for Rural Rehabilitation Dedicated to Improve Lifestyle of Sharecroppers Helped Poor Farmers buy land with Government Loans Sep 1937 National Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall Act) Subsidies paid to Public Housing Agencies (LHA s) Improved Living Conditions for Low Income Families 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act (FSLA) Provided for maximum 44 hour, Seven-day Workweek Established National Minimum Wage (Cost of Living) Guaranteed Time-and-a-Half for Overtime (Some Jobs) Prohibited Employment of Minors (In Most Professions)