U.S. Foreign Relations 1775-1789 MaryA.6iunta Editor J. Dane Hartgrove Associate Editor Norman A. Graebner PeterP.Hill Lawrence S. Kaplan Consulting Editors Published in cooperation with the National Historical Publications and Records Commission by Scholarly Resources Inc. A Scholarly Resources Inc. Imprint Wilmington. Delaware
Preface Acknowledgments Editorial Methodology Textual Devices and Abbreviations Presidents of the Congress Historical Background xin xiv xv xvi xvii xix Part One: Wartime Diplomacy I. BEGINNINGS OF U.S. DIPLOMACY Benjamin Franklin to C. W. F. Dumas Committee of Secret Correspondence: Instructions to Silas Deane Committee of Secret Correspondence: Instructions to William Bingham December 9, 1775 2 March 3, 1776 5 June 3, 1776 7 II. FRENCH AID PRIOR TO FORMAL TREATIES Achard de Bonvouloir to Comte de Guines Continental Congress: Instructions to Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee as Commissioners to France Thomas Story's Report from Arthur Lee to Benjamin Franklin and Robert Morris Committee of Secret Correspondence: Decision to Keep French Assistance Secret Committee for Foreign Affairs to the American Commissioners December 28, 1775 10 September 24, 1776 13 October 1, 1776 14 October 1, 1776 15 May 2, 1777 15 III. THE PROBLEMS FACING FRANCE : Considerations on the Affairs of the English Colonies in America Joseph Matthias Gerard de Rayneval: Reflections on the Situation in America March 12, 1776 18 1776 24 vu
IV. NEGOTIATING TREATIES WITH FRANCE Benjamin Franklin to Committee of Secret Correspondence Louis XVI: Answer to the American Commissioners Committee of Secret Correspondence American Commissioners: Memorandum for : Memorandum for the American Commissioners Committee of Secret Correspondence Committee for Foreign Affairs Committee for Foreign Affairs American Commissioners: Memorial for and Conde d'aranda Committee for Foreign Affairs Conrad Alexandre Gerard: Report of a Conference with the American Commissioners Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane to the President of Congress Committee for Foreign Affairs December 23, 1776 January 4, 1777 January 5, 1777 January 13, 7777 January 17, 7777 March 1, 7777 March 1, 7777 March 12, 7777 May 25, 7777 September 8, 7777 September 25, 1777 December 4, 1777 December 8, 1777 December 18, 1777 January 9, 1778 February 8, 1778 February 28, 1778 30 30 31 32 34 35 37 38 42 44 45 48 48 50 52 59 60 V. NEGOTIATIONS WITH SPAIN Arthur Lee to Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane John Jay: Notes of a Conference with Conde de Floridablanca March 16, 1777 62 May 11, 1780 64
Continental Congress: Instructions John Jay Robert R. Livingston to John Jay to February 15, 27, 1781 1782 IX 66 67 VI. EARLY PEACE EFFORTS Carlisle Commission to the President and Members of Congress President of Congress to Carlisle Commission to to June 9, 1778 70 June 17, 1778 72 August 7, 1780 74 19, 1781 75 VII. NEGOTIATING THE TREATY OF PEACE Continental Congress: Instructions to the American Peace Commissioners to Benjamin Franklin to Robert R. Livingston Lord Shelburne to Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin to Lord Shelburne Benjamin Franklin to John Jay Benjamin Franklin to John Adams Richard Oswald to Lord Shelburne : Verbal Response to Thomas Grenville Richard Oswald to Lord Shelburne Lord Shelburne to Richard Oswald Richard Oswald: Minutes of His Conversations with Benjamin Franklin and John Jay Richard Oswald to Lord Shelburne Richard Oswald's Revised Commission Richard Oswald to Thomas Townshend Benjamin Franklin to Robert R. Livingston Lord Shelburne: Notes of Verbal Instructions for Henry Strachey for the Peace Negotiations John Adams to Robert RV Livingston John Adams: Journal John Adams to Robert R. Livingston June 15, 1781 78 March 23, 1782 March 30, 1782 6, 1782 18, 1782 22, 1782 May 8, 1782 June 9, 1782 79 81 82 83 84 85 85 June 21, 1782 87 July 10, 7782 88 July 27, 7752 91 August 7, 1782 91 August 21, 1782 99 September 19, 1782 100 October 2, 1782 102 October 14, 1782 105 October 20, 7782 107 October 31, 7782 109 November 3, 7782 111 November 11, 7782 112
John Adams to Robert R. Livingston Thomas Townshend to Richard Oswald Benjamin Franklin to Henry Strachey to Thomas Townshend John Adams: Journal American Peace Commissioners to Robert R. Livingston to Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin to to Principal Articles of the Preliminaries of the Peace Made by Great Britain, France, and Spain Robert R. Livingston to the American Peace Commissioners John Adams to Robert R. Livingston Benjamin Franklin to David Hartley to the American Peace Commissioners November 18, November 19, November 29, November 29, November 30, Contents 1782 114 7782 116 7782 118 7782 118 7782 119 December 14, 7782 121 December 15, 7782 123 December 17, 7782 124 December 21, 7782 125 January 20, 126 March 25, 128 June 27, 130 August 16, 778.? 132 August 29, 132 Part Two: Postwar Diplomacy I. ANGLO-AMERICAN COMMERCE Alleyne Fitzherbert to Lord Grantham Alleyne Fitzherbert to Lord Grantham Charles James Fox to David Hartley Charles James Fox to Benjamin Franklin David Hartley to Charles James Fox Charles James Fox to David Hartley David Hartley to Charles James Fox David Hartley to Charles James Fox John Jay: Report on Instructions for a Minister to Great Britain John Adams: Memorial to the British Ministry February March June June July 22, 13, 10, 19, 27, 10, 18, 17, February 5, 1785 June 2, 1785 June 17, 1785 August 25, 1785 135 136 137 139 139 141 144 146 147 148 152 158 November 30, 1785 164
Lord Carmarthen to John Adams John Adams to Lord Carmarthen XI February 28, 1786 165 May 18, 1786 167 II. POSTWAR DIPLOMACY WITH FRANCE Benjamin Franklin to John Jay: Memoir on Franco-American Commerce Charles Alexandre de Calonne to Marquis de Lafayette to Congress Thomas Jefferson to to Comte de Moustier Comte de Moustier to March 16, 169 May 26, 7785 169 January 9, 1784 172 March 12, 1784 173 October 1, 7785 175 18, 7786 181 June 20, 7788 182 June 23, 7788 184 July 5, 7788 185 III. POSTWAR DIPLOMACY WITH SPAIN Conde de Floridablanca to Don Diego de Gardoqui Francisco Rendon to Don Jose de Galvez Francisco Rendon to Don Jose de Galvez Charles Thomson: Report on John Jay's Commission to Negotiate a Treaty with Spain Don Diego de Gardoqui to John Jay John Jay to the President of Congress IV. OTHER DIPLOMATIC FRONTS Francis Dana to John Adams Francis Dana to Robert R. Livingston Francis Dana to John Adams Francis Dana to Robert R. Livingston V. THE BARBARY POWERS Francisco Chiappe to Benjamin Franklin Conde de Floridablanca to William Carmichael October 2, 1784 189 October 12, 1784 193 February 12, 1785 196 July 20, 1785 197 May 25, 1786 198 August 3, 1786 201 January 25, 1787 208 March 5, 1787 210 September8, 1781 212 November 18, 1782 214 March 16, 216 25, 217 November 3, 1784 224 November 24, 1784 224
Alcaid Driss to William Carmichael John Jay to the American Commissioners in Europe Monsieur Soulanges to the Directors of Commerce of the Province of Languedoc Richard O'Bryen to Thomas Jefferson Thomas Barclay to John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Emperor of Morocco to the President of Congress Thomas Barclay to John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Contents December 23, 1784 224 March 11, 1785 225 July 14, 1785 228 7785 229 7786 230 August 24, February 16, 10, 1786 231 June 28, 1786 233 September 18, 1786 234 VI. THE FAR EAST TRADE Daniel Parker and Others to John Green Samuel Shaw to John Jay VII. RELATIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS James Madison to Thomas Jefferson Frangois Barbe de Marbois to Frangois Barbe de Marbois to January 25, 1784 238 May 19, 1785 241 October 11, 1784 246 October 14, 1784 248 February 22, 1785 251 VIII. TOWARD FEDERAL DIPLOMACY - Gomte de Montmorin Thomas Jefferson to John Adams Thomas Jefferson to James Madison Comte de Moustier to to Comte de Moustier Thomas Jefferson to George Washington Biographical Directory Selected Identifications and Definitions Index 10, 1787 June 10, 1787 October 20, 1787 November 13, 1787 December 20, 1787 May 29, 1788 June 23, 1788 December 4, 1788 252 254 259 262 263 266 267 268 273 291 299