Nonpermanent movement AP Human Geography Unit 2b: Migration Guided Reading/Study Guide Mr. Stepek Rubenstein p 78 85 (Introduction/Why Do People Migrate?) 1. We will discuss the chart below in class. The terms used in the two textbooks relating to the types of movement that are less than permanent are often confusing and contradictory. Skip to #2. Description Rubenstein de Blij All movement mobility Shorter periods away from called what? circulation cyclic movement home: creates what?: activity space college, nomadism seasonal mobility periodic Longer periods away from military service, migrant home: labor, transhumance periodic snowbirds cyclic? 2. Permanent movement to a new location is called. a. Term for the migration FROM a place. b. Term for the migration TO a place. c. The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants. d. If the # of immigrants exceeds the # of emigrants the location has. e. If the # of emigrants exceeds the # of immigrants the location has. 3. Into what three thematic groups can E.G. Ravenstein s migration laws be organized. a.. b.. c.. 4. REASONS: Of the three factors in the chart below, why do most people migrate?. 5. Define push/pull factors and give examples of each for the above three categories. Factor Definition: Push Definition: Pull Economic Examples What countries have been especially prominent destinations for economic migrants? What population concept is this related to (lecture)? Cultural Environmental What are the two main historical reasons for forced international migration? What is a refugee? (de Blij p 101 102 for rest of box) How do Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) differ from refugees? What status do refugees seek? What does the UNHCR help with once violence subsides in the refugees homeland? What physical factor is the biggest reason for environmental migration? In the form of what (lecture)? What type of govt. was a pull factor that attracted many Eastern Europeans beginning in the late 1940s? What iconic structure symbolized the restriction of emigration from the communist East to the democratic West? What types of environments are pull factors?
6. What are intervening obstacles/opportunities a. Historically intervening obstacles have been what? b. In modern times, intervening obstacles tend to come in what form? c. (de Blij p 89) What do we call a migration pattern that is interrupted into a series of stages rather than a long unbroken route (it has been interrupted by intervening obstacles/opportunities)? 7. DISTANCE: What are the two E.G. Ravenstein Laws of Migration relating to the distance of migration? a. b. 8. Complete the following chart, defining and categorizing the different types of migration distances: Internal Type Definition Subtype Definition/Examples International 9. On your demographic transition chart, fill in the row labeled Zelinsky s Migration Transition. Describe the typical migration pattern found in each of the first four stages based on the info found on Rubenstein p 84. 10. CHARACTERISTICS: What are the two main patterns (a & b below) that Ravenstein found in the traits of migrants. a. i. Why? ii. How is this supported by historical migration patterns to the U.S.? iii. How has this changed in recent years? iv. (lecture) How is this being affected by the changing roles of women (lecture)? b. i. How is this supported by immigrant demographics? ii. How is this supported by statistics on what immigrants are NOT? Rubenstein p 85 92 (Key Issue 2: Where are Migrants Distributed?) 11. What % of global population are international migrants? 12. According to figure 3-5 on page 84 of Rubenstein: Three largest migrant flows (interpret flow line map): to to to Therefore, most migration flow is from countries of what level of development to what level of development? to 13. What country has more foreign-born residents than any other? a. What other MDCs have higher rates of net in-migration than the US because of their lower overall population size? b. What group of nations has the highest rate of in-migration? Why?
14. Read Rubenstein pgs 86 90 to familiarize yourself with the historical immigration waves into the U.S. We will be covering this in more detail through an in-class activity but it would be wise to become familiar with the material. Rubenstein p 90: Unauthorized Immigration to the United States/Destination of Immigrants within the U.S. 15. What terms are used to describe immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally? a. How many unauthorized immigrants were estimated to be in the US in 2008? b. What are the major source areas of unauthorized immigrants (provide area and percentage)? _ c. At what rate are unauthorized immigrants employed? i. In what fields are most unauthorized immigrants employed? ii. In what fields are they least likely to be employed? 16. What is chain migration? Rubenstein p 92 95 (Key Issue #3: Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles?) This skips around so read first then complete. 17. What are the two major difficulties faced by immigrants once they reach their destination? a. _ b. _ 18. US Quota Laws will be discussed under the activity #14. But what are the priorities set by the US government for granting entrance visas? a. b. c. 19. Define brain drain (lecture) What is brain gain? 20. (skip to Rubenstein p 94 95 U.S. Attitudes Towards Immigrants ) Why did some Americans have intense opposition to immigrations from Southern and Eastern Europe in the early 1900s? a. What has there been more recent hostility to immigration in places like California? 21. (Rubenstein p 92 93) What are guest workers? a. Where is the use of guest workers especially prevalent? b. What role do guest workers fulfill for their host countries? c. How does the economy of the guest worker s home country benefit? d. (de Blij p 79) What are the payments sent to the home country called? e. (Rubenstein p 95) Describe a typical guest worker in Europe. f. How does the guest worker arrangement change from what was originally expected by the host country and worker? g. How does the guest worker population often fill an economic void in European cities? h. What have gained support in Europe because of guest worker policies? i. (lecture) What term describes their views?
22. (Rubenstein p 93) Between what two groups of immigrants is it sometimes hard to distinguish? a. Why is this distinction important? b. Detail below the special policies that the U.S. has regarding immigration from the following countries: Cuba (See de Blij p 98 as well) What is the wet foot-dry foot policy (google)? Haiti Vietnam Rubenstein p 95 97, 99 100 (Key Issue #4: Why do People Migrate Within a Country?) 23. Trace the settlement/internal migration patterns found throughout the history of the US Era Colonial Settlement Early Settlement of Interior Description of settlement and/or migration, time period and push-pull factors if applicable Migration to California Why did settlers originally passover the Greta Plains? Settlement of the Great Plains Urbanization (p 99) Great Migration (lecture) Suburbanization (p. 99) What is counterurbanization? Recent Growth of the South (lecture) What modern invention has made the South more livable?
de Blij (Ch 3 Migration) As you read Chapter 3 in de Blij, you will note that much of the information is redundant (repeats) information you detailed or summarized above. Please read the chapter in its entirety and complete the following items for information not covered by Rubenstein. 24. (de Blij p 88) What is the gravity model? 25. Discuss the following push/pull factors: Factor Description (including significant examples) Legal Status Power Relationships Political circumstances What must you have to legally move to a new country? If you are caught in a country without documentation, what are you subject to? List some examples of ethnic stereotypes that perpetuate migration streams. What three migration streams are examples of how repressive governments can create migration streams? What two civil wars during the 1990s created huge migration streams? Describe. Armed Conflict and Civil War Environmental Conditions Describe the immigration stream that changed the demographics of the U.S. and Canada in the 1840s? What environmental crisis completely changed the demographics of New Orleans? Culture and Traditions Describe the internal migration stream within South Asia in the late 1940s? Technological Advances Economic Opportunities Reconnection of Cultural Groups What phenomenon is caused by kinship links and chain migration? What are islands of development? Where were islands of development located in West Africa? From what areas did it draw migrants? What migration flow centered on the reconnection of cultural groups has had enormous consequences? Briefly summarize. Conflict & War What ethnic group was moved westward at the end of WWII?
26. GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS. (de Blij) Based on the figures 3.11, 3.13 and the related text on pages 93 97. Identify the major routes of human migration between 1500 and 1950. # Description (who moved from where to where? Why? What effect did it have?) # Description (who moved from where to where? Why? What effect did it have?) 1 5 2 6 Where are the Chinese a significant minority? 3 7 4 8 What was Russification? 27. (de Blij p 102 107) Major Regions of Dislocation. Please note details. This information may need updating based on current events. Please google where indicated. Kurds. In what country are the majority of the Kurds? Who has provided the Kurds with a safe zone in response to threats from the Baghdad govt.? (google) What two threats/enemies do the Kurds have now? North Africa and Southwest Asia Afghanistan (s/be Central or South Asia) Who invaded Afghanistan in 1979? Was this invasion successful? What government took control in 1996? What ideology did they believe in? How were they involved in the September 11 th attacks? Syria (google) Sudan. Describe the ethnic divisions in the former Sudan (make sure to include Darfur). Africa Southeast Asia What is genocide? Democratic Republic of Congo. What created the instability? How many people have died since 1998? (google) Who are the Rohingya? Europe Other Regions The collapse of what country caused the largest refugee crisis in Europe since WWII? What is the only country in the Western Hemisphere to have an IDP/refugee problem? Why?