Year 12 Active Revision Pack Unit 1: TOPIC: Civil Rights in the USA
Civil Rights 1: Signs of change by 1955 Start simple Timeline task (Chapter 1-3 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Then shade over in different colours events to do with WW2/ Presidential Action/ Legal challenges to the constitution/ Direct action Date Description 1896 Plessy V Ferguson 1909 NAACP founded 1941 US enters WW1, Roosevelt establishes FEPC 1943 William L Dawson elected to congress 1944 Smith V Allwright 1945 end of Ww2. Adam Clayton Powell elected to congress Truman becomes president 1946 Presidential Committee on Civil Rights established 1946 Morgan V Virginia 1947 To Secure These Rights is published 1947 NAACP boycott of New Orleans Department Store Journey of Reconciliation by CORE 1948 Truman re-elected 1949 William Haist becomes a Federal Judge
1950 Sweatt V Painter 1951 Committee on Government Contract Compliance established 1951 NAACP protest over school closures in Louisiana 1953 NAACP boycott a segregated school in Lafayette Baton Rouge bus boycott organised by UDL 1954 Brown V Board of Education of Topeka 1954 White Citizens Councils formed 1955 Brown V Board of Education (II) Emmet Till lynched 1956 Southern Manifesto signed NAACP banned from Alabama
Take it further plan essay answers on this unit To what extent had life improved for Black Americans in the years 1945-55? Overall suggested line of argument: Life had only improved to a small extent. There was only limited progress in solving the problem of segregation, the violence continued, new employment opportunities and voting rights were not readily available and whilst there was de-jure change in the areas of transport and education, de-facto change was lacking Factor Agree (improvement) Disagree (lack of improvement) Segregation Overall POINT Violence Employment Transport Voting Rights
What caused seeds of change to develop between 1945 and 1955? (Causation) Factor Impact of WW2 EVIDENCE to support this cause EXPLAIN explicitly HOW it caused change (what impact did it have?/ how does it connect with other causes? Overall POINT how crucial was it? Presidential Action Civil Rights Organisations Work of the Supreme Court Direct Action
Section 2: MLK and Peaceful Protest The Early Southern Campaigns 1955-1962 Start simple Timeline task (Chapter 6 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Then shade over in different colours events to do with Direct Action/ Legal challenges to the constitution/ Protests that involve MLK Date/ Event Description How successful? (Give yes and no arguments) 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott Browder V Gayle 1956 Little Rock Campaign 1957 Greensboro Sit Ins 1960 Freedom Rides 1961 The Albany Movement 1961-62 James Meredith and University of Mississippi 1962
The Later Southern Campaigns 1963-1965 Start simple Timeline task (Chapter 7 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Date/ Event Description How successful? (Give yes and no arguments) Birmingham 1963 March on Washington 1963 Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964 Selma 1965
Take it further plan essay answers on this unit Why had America experienced a Civil Rights Revolution by 1968? Factor Presidential Action EVIDENCE to support this cause EXPLAIN explicitly HOW it caused change (what impact did it have?/ how does it connect with other causes? Overall POINT how crucial was it? What role did it play? Role of Congress Work of the Supreme Court MLK Peaceful Protest and Mass Activism White reaction
Martin Luther King s Last Campaigns Start simple Timeline task (Chapter 8 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Event and date 1965 Moynihan Report Description 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement 1968 Memphis Worker s Strike 1968 MLK Assassinated
Start simple LEGISLATION Timeline task (Chapter 9 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Legislation What did it do? Which President? 1964 Civil Rights Act 1965 Voting Rights Act 1968 Civil Rights Act (Fair Housing Act)
Take it further plan essay answers on this unit How important was Martin Luther King to the Civil Rights Movement? Aspect of his role Organiser of campaigns Important Not important (limitations) Overall point Tactics and Philosophy Speeches and marches Inspiration Relationship with the government
Why were Martin Luther King s campaigns less successful in the north than they had been in the south? Factor Incorrect Tactics EVIDENCE to support this cause EXPLAIN explicitly HOW it caused change (what impact did it have?/ how does it connect with other causes? Overall POINT how crucial was it? What role did it play? Lack of support from black Americans Increased violence Lack of local and national government support
How far do you agree that the actions of the Federal Government were a result of the actions of the Civil Rights Protestors? Factor Agree Disagree Overall POINT Response to white violence New Legislation Changing view of congress Leadership of Supreme Court
How far do you agree that opposition to the Civil Rights Movement did more to help the movement than to hinder it? Factor Agree Disagree Overall POINT Local police Presidential Opposition Opposition from Congress The FBI Opposition from State and Local government Public Opinion
How successful had peaceful protest been by 1968? Factor Successful Not successful Overall POINT Education Transport Public places Voting rights Employment Housing
Who was Malcolm X and what was the Nation of Islam? Malcom X Background Nation of Islam key info Malcolm X s Beliefs His break with Nation of Islam
Divisions within the Civil Rights Movement and emergence of Black Panthers Start simple timeline task (Chapter 14 of red book) Add key information to explain each development on the timeline below Date and Event Description (why? Impact?) 1965 Watts Riots in LA 1966 Shooting of James Meredith 1966 Black Panther Party founded and 10 point programme published BPP Patrol the Pigs campaign launched 1966 James Farmer resigns as leader of CORE 1966 SNCC embrace self-defence and expel white members 1966 NAACP and NU walk out of talks with SCLC and SNCC 1967 Huey P Newton arrested for murder Free Huey campaign 1968 SNCC embrace use of revolutionary violence 1968 CORE expels white members 1968 BPP launch survival programmes 1968 Eldridge Cleaver stands as Presidential Candidate 1977 BPP disbanded
Why did the Civil Rights Movement become fragmented after 1966? Factor Methods EVIDENCE to support this cause EXPLAIN explicitly HOW it caused change (what impact did it have?/ how does it connect with other causes? Overall POINT how crucial was it? What role did it play? Collaboration Effectiveness of legal change Integration Personalities Vietnam
How far is it accurate to say that Black Power achieved nothing for the American people? Factor Agree Disagree Overall POINT Influenced King Political and economic achievements Gave sense of community for African Americans Media Portrayal Problems with violence Lack of aims
How far had the status of Hispanic Americans improved by the late 1960s? Factor Improvement No Improvement Living Conditions Segregation and Land Education and employment Political representation and voting Police Treatment
How far had the status of Native Americans improved by the late 1960s? Factor Improvement No Improvement Land Living Standards Little Improvement Pride