84 th Annual Meeting of the Transport Research Board National Academies January 9-13, 2005 Washington, DC REBUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: Jelena Pantelic Senior Operations Officer Policy Unit, The Corporate Secretariat,
INFRASTRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTION Major original task of the 60-year old International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Infrastructure development assists with NEW THREATS * HIV / AIDS and OLD PROBLEMS * health *Education *transport of goods
DISASTERS Disproportionately affect the poor Cause loss of development gains in developing countries *** Kill tens of thousands of people
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI 2004 December 2004 12 COUNTRIES IN ASIA AND AFRICA Almost 150,000 dead
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI 2004
RECENT EARTHQUAKES 2003 December 2003 Bam, Iran Almost 50,000 dead Photo Source: Reuters
RECENT EARTHQUAKE 2003 May 2003 Boumerdes, Algeria Almost 3,000 dead Photo Source: Michel Sandrin
DISASTERS Disproportionately affect the poor Cause loss of development gains in developing countries *** Reducing vulnerability is a growing challenge
NATURAL DISASTERS * Seven times more lives lost in 2003 than in 2002 due to * Earthquakes, * Heat waves, * Tornadoes (Munich Re, 2004)
RECENT DISASTER TRENDS (1) * Between 1960s and 1990s global catastrophes increased five-fold and damage grew by the factor of 9 (Munich Re, 1999) * In the last decade average no. of people affected by disasters grew from 147 to 211 million (WDR, 2001)
RECENT DISASTER TRENDS (2) * Annual GDP losses: 2 to 15% *Average annual disaster losses in 1990s about US$63 billion *Annual disaster losses to infrastructure in 1990 s in Asia alone about $12 billion or about 2/3 total annual lending of the Bank
In 2001 Earthquakes alone affected over 19 million people * More than in any other year of the previous decade * Earthquakes accounted for over one half of the year s disaster-related death toll * 97 percent of all disaster-related deaths in 2001 occurred in developing countries (Source: WDR, 2001 and 2002)
POVERTY AND EARTHQUAKES * Gap between Haves and Have-nots increasing * Poverty at the root of hazard vulnerability * The POOR those living on $1-a-day (Source: UN)
South Asia South Asia Middle East and North Africa Middle East and North Africa Latin America and Caribbean Latin America and Caribbean Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia East Asia and Pacific East Asia and Pacific Africa Africa 8,558 8,558 2,383 2,383 9,016 9,016 4,384 4,384 9,154 9,154 7,288 7,288 - - 2,000 2,000 4,000 4,000 6,000 6,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 Funding ($m) Funding ($m) IBRD activity * More than $40 billion in lending over last 20 years (Source: HMF, Infrastructure Anchor )
INFRASTRUCTURE Many and diverse: * roads, tunnels, bridges, railways * airports, harbors, canals * dams, irrigation networks, water pipes, water purification plants * sewers, water treatment plants, solid waste dumps * power plants, power lines and distribution networks * oil and gas pipelines * telephone exchanges and networks * (Source: Prud homme, 2004)
ABSENCE OR DESTRUCTION OF OF INFRASTRUCTURE JEOPARDIZES * Social and economic growth and * Accumulation of financial wealth
DISASTERS present OPPORTUNITIES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT * Raised awareness and political commitment of decision makers regarding vulnerability reduction * Chance to establish disaster-resistant infrastructure systems * Increased availability of resources (not as a rule)
DISASTERS present CHALLENGES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT * Competition for resources (sectorally, nationally, internationally) * Danger of diverting development funds to rebuilding * Need to enforce codes (building and planning)
POST-DISASTER INFRASTRUCTURE REBUILDING presents technical CHALLENGES * Use of state-of-the-art technologies and techniques -early warning systems - building in the vulnerable coastal and flood zones - implementing seismically-resistant techniques
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * MAP OF INDONESIA Areas of earthquake and tsunami impact (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * Sumatra shore damage after tsunami (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * Sumatra Overall damage to a village due to earthquake: Roads Power Water supply Housing (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * INDONESIA, SUMATRA Bridge collapse Damage to roads (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * INDONESIA, SUMATRA Damage in Aceh Province (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * INDONESIA, SUMATRA Flooded Banda Aceh (Source: AP, 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * SRI LANKA Map of tsunami damage (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 Damage to boats (Source: AP 2005)
EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI, 2004 * SRI LANKA Galle BEFORE tsunami (Source: Wire services, 2004 and 2005)