Immigration Unit Vocabulary 1. Old Immigrants: Immigrants from Northern European countries. 36 2. New Immigrants: Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. 3. Steerage: An area near the base/rudder/engine room of the ship. Tickets in steerage were the cheapest on the ship. 4. Ellis Island: Point of legal entry on the Eastern Coast of the United States. New York 5. Angel Island: Point of legal entry on the Western Coast of the United States. California 6. Benevolent Societies: Aid organizations that offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment and death. 1
Immigration A new wave of industrialization in the late 1800's brought large numbers of immigrants to U.S. shores. 2
A New Wave of Immigration 2 Old Immigrants Northern Europeans (England, Ireland,Scotland,Germany) 1 New Immigrants- Southern and Eastern European (Italy,Czechoslovakia,Greece,Hungary, Poland, Russia) 3
7.Push Factors: Forces driving immigrants away from their country of origin. Examples: disease, famine, lack of jobs, war Vocabulary 36 8. Pull Factors: Forces which drew immigrants towards the United States. Examples: Employment opportunities, freedom, family & friends 9. Tenement: Immigrant housing, usually in large urban (city) areas. Overcrowded, forcing multiple family members to live in cramped, dirty conditions. 10. Sweatshops: Factories that employed immigrants. Working conditions were poor and unhealthy. 4
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Irish Potato Famine In Ireland, the Great Famine was a period of mass starvation, disease and emigration between 1845 and 1852. The cause of famine was a potato disease commonly known as potato blight. 6
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Push left country of origin due to persecution. pull USA 1st Amendment freedom religion 8
11. Nativist opposed new immigrants. Believed that they would refuse to learn American customs and would harm American society. 12. Nationality belonging to a certain country by birth or naturalization. 13. Neighborhood an area or region that people live and associate or connect themselves with. 14. Passport a government issued document establishing citizenship allowing a person to legally leave/enter their country as well as those abroad. First issued in 1920. 15. Detain to keep in custody/prevent from leaving own 16. Prejudice hatred directed toward a particular religious, racial or national group. 17. Chinese Exclusion Act banned Chinese people from immigrating to the U.S. for ten years 1882 1892. 36 9
Steerage Sleeping Quarters 10
Immigration Unit.notebook November 30, 2016 Voyage to America: Ellis Island/Angel Island Immigrants in 1st and 2nd class cabins did not have to go through extensive processing at Ellis Island/Angel Island. Steerage passengers remained at the bottom of the ship and had to undergo thorough inspections upon arrival. 11
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Immigrant Life in America Adjusting to life in America meant learning the English language, finding a place to live, getting a job Tenement Living: Immigrant housing. Crowded, poorly built apartment buildings. Tenements on the lower east side of Manhattan (early 1900's) Sweatshops: Factories and workshops where immigrants (men, women and children) worked long hours in unhealthy conditions. Sweatshop in Brooklyn (early 1900's) 13
Tenements 14
Jacob Riis wrote: How the other Half Lives which exposed the horrible conditions of tenement living. 15
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Opposition to Immigration Begins Fear that new Immigrants would take jobs away from old Immigrants by working for lower pay. Nativists opposed new immigrants. Believed that they would refuse to learn American customs and would harm American society. Chinese Exclusion Act - banned Chinese people from immigrating to the U.S. for ten years 1882-1892. 17
"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" 18