1. The invention of movable type printing, production of silk, and reverence for ancestors are all characteristics associated with civilizations in A) India B) China C) Greece D) West Africa 2. The Chinese belief that China was the Middle Kingdom is an example of A) extraterritoriality B) ethnocentrism C) filial piety D) the Mandate of Heaven 3. Which region was the birthplace of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism? A) Africa B) Asia C) Europe D) South America 4. Mandate of Heaven, production of silk, and reverence for ancestors are all characteristics associated with civilizations in A) India B) China C) Greece D) West Africa 5. The Golden Age of India's Gupta Empire is known for its A) development of gunpowder B) sea trade routes to Europe C) acceptance of Christianity as an official religion D) advancements in mathematics and medicine 6. Historically, the Huang He has also been known as the "River of Sorrows" because A) frozen ports have made trade difficult B) cataracts have made transportation impossible C) floods have destroyed crops and villages D) burials have taken place at the sacred waters 7. Which belief system was the basis of the civil service exams given during the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties? A) legalism B) Daoism C) Buddhism D) Confucianism 8. Which society practiced direct democracy? A) ancient Athens B) dynastic China C) Gupta Empire D) early Egypt 9. Trade along the Silk Roads and the trans-saharan trade routes resulted in A) elimination of all traditional beliefs B) a movement toward decolonization C) the Columbian exchange D) cultural diffusion between different societies 10. Oracle bones, Daoism, and the Mandate of Heaven are all associated with early civilizations in A) Egypt B) Russia C) India D) China 11. Which statement about China is a fact rather than an opinion? A) Flooding was the worst disaster to affect ancient Chinese civilizations. B) The Mandate of Heaven was an idea developed in ancient China. C) Early Chinese civilizations were the most important civilizations in the world. D) Dynastic governments were highly effective in China. 12. Which culture is credited with the development of gunpowder, the abacus, and the compass? A) Chinese B) Persian C) Indian D) Japanese 13. Which geographic factor directly influenced the early interactions between China and Korea? A) location B) monsoons C) arid climate D) tropical savannas 14. A major reason for Zheng He s voyages during the 15th century was to A) promote trade and collect tribute B) establish colonies in Africa and India C) seal off China s borders from foreign influence D) prove the world was round 15. Which factor most influenced a person s social position in early Indian societies? A) education B) birth C) geographic location D) individual achievement
Base your answers to questions 16and 17on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 16.Which conclusion about the Indian economy during the Mughal period can best be supported using the information shown on this map? A) Cinnamon and pepper were the major products of Kashmir. B) Most textile-related goods were produced north of the Deccan Sultanate. C) Diamonds and gold were mined in the Bengal region. D) Many tropical products were raised near Delhi. 17.Based on this map, in which area did Europeans locate most of their trading bases? A) banks of the Ganges River B) banks of the Indus River C) coast of the Arabian Sea D) Bay of Bengal region 18. The terms Brahma, dharma, and moksha are most closely associated with which religion? A) Judaism B) Islam C) Hinduism D) animism 19. Which term is most closely associated with Hellenism under Alexander the Great? A) cultural diffusion B) pacifism C) theocracy D) natural rights
20. Base your answer to the following question on the wood block print below and on your knowledge of social studies. During which period of Japanese history did the changes shown in this wood block print occur? A) Heian court B) Tokugawa shogunate C) Meiji Restoration D) United States occupation
21. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which group of people ruled much of Asia during the period shown on this map? A) Mongol B) Indian C) Japanese D) European 22. Confucianism had a strong impact on the development of China mainly because this philosophy A) established a basic structure for military rule B) provided a basis for social order C) contained the framework for a communist government D) stressed the importance of the individual 23. Which source of information is considered a primary source? A) travel diary of Ibn Battuta B) modern novel about the Golden Age of Islam C) textbook on the history of North Africa D) dictionary of English words adapted from Arabic 24. A similarity between Bantu migrations in Africa and migrations of the ancient Aryans into South Asia is that both moved A) across the Atlantic Ocean B) from rural lands to urban areas C) in search of additional food sources D) for religious freedom 25. Which civilization first developed a civil service system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured porcelain? A) Aztec B) Chinese C) Japanese D) Roman 26. Before the use of the Silk Road, how did geography affect early China? A) The mountains and deserts in western and southwestern China slowed the exchange of ideas. B) The northwestern region provided many fertile areas suitable for farming. C) The three major river systems provided barriers against invasion. D) The lack of deep-water ports on the eastern coast prevented China from developing trade with other nations. 27. The caste system in India and the feudal system in Europe were similar in that both A) provided structure for society B) developed concepts of natural rights C) established totalitarian governments D) promoted peace and prosperity
28. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The technology of papermaking traveled from China to Baghdad along the A) Saharan caravan trails B) Trans-Siberian Railway C) Silk Roads D) Suez Canal 29. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. A. Maurya B. Gupta C. Delhi sultanate A) Empires of India B) Latin American Civilizations C) Empires of the Fertile Crescent D) Dynasties of China 30. Which quotation from the teachings of Confucius is most similar to the Golden Rule from Judeo-Christian teaching? A) If a ruler is upright, all will go well without orders. B) By nature, men are pretty much alike. It is learning and practice that set them apart. C) While a father or mother is alive, a son should not travel far. D) Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself. 31. One reason early civilizations developed in China, Egypt, and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in Mesopotamia is because A) vast mineral deposits existed for manufacturing B) climate and geography favored agriculture C) rivers contributed to nomadic lifestyles D) natural barriers provided protection from invasions 32. In which region did China s earliest civilizations develop? A) Gobi Desert B) Himalaya Mountains C) Yellow River Valley D) Tibetan Plateau 33. The use of the Silk Road in Asia and caravan routes in northern Africa and southwestern Asia encouraged A) self-sufficiency B) cultural isolation C) ethnocentrism D) cultural diffusion 34. Which geographic feature served as a barrier to political unity and encouraged the rise of independent city-states in ancient Greece? A) broad plains B) mountain ranges C) navigable rivers D) numerous ports
35. Traditional Chinese values emphasized that the best society was one in which people A) received equal treatment B) tried to improve their status in life C) carried out their assigned tasks and duties D) shared political power with the emperor 36. What was the primary cultural focus of the city-state of Athens A) allowed universal suffrage B) developed matriarchal societies C) promoted art and literature D) established plantation agriculture 37. The creation of independent city-states in ancient Greece can be most directly attributed to the A) diverse ethnic groups in the region B) large number of different languages C) rugged mountainous terrain D) practice of oligarchy 38. One way in which filial piety in Confucian China and citizenship in ancient Athens are similar is that both A) emphasized duties and responsibilities in society B) encouraged the development of advanced technology C) promoted respect for the physical environment D) required that legalist principles be followed 39. What was one of the most important contributions of the Greek city-state of Athens? A) development of direct democracy B) diffusion of a monotheistic belief system C) promotion of the equality of all humans D) creation of a writing system using hieroglyphics 40. Which geographic factor contributed to the formation of independent city-states in ancient Greece? A) tropical rainforests B) fertile farmland C) navigable rivers D) mountainous topography 41. Base your answer to the following question on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.... We give our obedience to those whom we put in positions of authority, and we obey the laws themselves, especially those which are for the protection of the oppressed, and those unwritten laws which it is an acknowledged shame to break.... - Pericles, quoted in History of the A) civic values B) artistic creativity C) military strengths D) commercial success Peloponnesian War In this quotation, Pericles is praising Athenian 42. One way in which the ancient city-state of Athens and the Gupta Empire are similar is that both A) allowed universal suffrage B) developed matriarchal societies C) promoted art and literature D) established plantation agriculture 43. Which description accurately identifies Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle? A) rulers of the Roman Republic B) artists of the Italian Renaissance C) religious leaders of the Protestant Reformation D) philosophers of ancient Greece 44. What effect did the geography of ancient Greece have on its early development? A) The mountainous terrain led to the creation of independent city-states. B) A lack of natural seaports limited communication. C) An inland location hindered trade and colonization. D) Abundant natural resources encouraged selfsufficiency.
Base your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the illustration below and your knowledge of social studies. 45. Which leader is most closely associated with the accomplishment shown by the illustration? A) Charlemagne B) Mansa Musa C) Alexander the Great D) Suleiman the Magnificent 46. Which concept is most closely related to the main idea of the illustration? A) isolation B) cultural diffusion C) armed conflict D) urbanization 47. Which statement most likely represents the view of a citizen of ancient Athens visiting Sparta? A) "The government and society in Sparta are so strict. The people have little voice in government." B) "I feel as though I have never left home. Everything here is the same as it is in Athens." C) "This society allows for more freedom of expression than I have ever experienced in Athens." D) "I have never heard of a society like Sparta that believes in only one God." 48. What was one effect of Alexander the Great s conquests? A) expansion of Hellenistic culture B) formation of the Christian church C) decreased importance of the Silk Roads D) increased support of the Mayan leaders 49. One effect of rugged, mountainous geography on the civilization of ancient Greece was the development of A) absolute monarchies B) separate, independent city-states C) extensive trade with the Persians D) belief in one God 50. Olympic games, the poems of Homer, and Hellenistic culture are associated with which ancient civilization? A) Egyptian B) Greek C) Roman D) Phoenician 51. In a comparison of the ancient cities of Athens and Sparta, Sparta placed more emphasis on A) education B) military service C) family order D) human rights
52. An important factor that prevented the ancient Greek city-states from uniting to form a single nation was the A) lack of a common language B) size of the desert regions C) mountainous topography of the region D) cold, hostile climate 53. An important factor that prevented the ancient Greek city-states from uniting to form a single nation was the A) lack of a common language B) size of the desert regions C) mountainous topography of the region D) cold, hostile climate 54. Alexander the Greats conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the A) spread of Hellenic culture B) adoption of a feudal system C) establishment of representative democracy D) spread of Islamic culture throughout Europe 55. Which ancient civilization established the basis of Western democracy? A) Phoenician B) Egyptian C) Sumerian D) Greek 56. Which was a major characteristic of democracy in ancient Athens? A) All adult male citizens were eligible to vote. B) All residents were given voting rights. C) Women were allowed to vote in major elections. D) Slaves were permitted to vote in major elections. 57. Important long-term contributions of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations are primarily found in the area of A) military technology B) religious doctrine C) economic policy and planning D) government and law 58. The ancient Athenians are credited with A) inventing and using the wheel B) eliminating slavery C) establishing governments that had democratic elements D) inventing the printing press 59. "... for the administration is in the hands of the many and not of the few... an Athenian citizen does not neglect the state because he takes care of his own household... We alone regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs not as a harmless but as a useless character..." Pericles, 431 B.C. Which type of political system does this quotation suggest that people of ancient Athens valued? A) monarchy B) aristocracy C) democracy D) autocracy 60. Which characteristic was common to the Golden Age of Greece and the Italian Renaissance? A) A strong military led to national unity. B) Written constitutions led to the establishment of democratic governments. C) Prosperity led to the creation of many works of art. D) Political instability led directly to the formation of unified nation-states. 61. "Let me say that our system of government does not copy the institutions of our neighbors. It is more the case of our being a model to others than of our imitating anyone else. Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands, not of a minority, but of the whole people." Which early society is most likely described in this quotation? A) Spartan B) Babylonian C) Athenian D) Egyptian 62. The Twelve Tables were the written laws of A) ancient Greece B) the Byzantine Empire C) Mesopotamia D) ancient Rome
63. All citizens in ancient Athens had the right to attend the Assembly, where they could meet in open discussion and cast votes. This situation is an example of A) direct democracy B) totalitarianism C) parliamentary democracy D) absolutism 64. The Golden Age of Greece and the Golden Age of Islam were similar in that both were times when A) advances in science and technology occurred B) trade and commerce declined C) democratic governments were developed D) the religious ideas of western Europe were accepted 65. Why did the ancient city-states of Athens and Sparta develop different political systems? A) The Byzantine Empire dictated government policies. B) Foreign travelers introduced new philosophies. C) The mountainous topography resulted in the isolation of these city-states. D) For over three centuries, civil wars raged in these city-states. 66. Which ancient civilization is associated with the poets Horace and Virgil? A) Babylonian B) Greek C) Phoenician D) Roman 67. One explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire and of the Han dynasty is that they both A) refused the aid of foreign mercenaries B) grew too large to govern their territories effectively C) banned long-distance trade causing economic strain D) required devotion to a single religion 68. Which geographic feature was central in helping the Romans unify their empire? A) Alps B) Tiber River C) Mediterranean Sea D) Great Rift Valley 69. One reason the Justinian Code was significant was that it A) became the foundation of the modern legal systems of many Western countries B) established the basis for the development of the Code of Hammurabi C) incorporated laws from all over Asia and Europe D) led to the protection of inalienable rights in Roman territories 70. Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were known for A) developing decentralized political structures B) having governments dominated by a merchant class C) using examinations to select officials D) having long periods of stable government 71. At the height of its power, which ancient civilization controlled the entire coastal region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea? A) Phoenician B) Persian C) Roman D) Carthaginian 72. What was one reason for the decline of both the Han dynasty and the western Roman Empire? A) outbreak of war between religious groups B) inability to force back foreign invaders C) efforts of the middle class to gain power D) lack of a common currency 73. Which condition characterized Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and China after the fall of the Manchu dynasty? A) weak centralized authority and interference from outsiders B) renewed interest in artistic pursuits such as painting and sculpture C) democratic rule and a coordinated economic policy D) increased construction of roads, bridges, and other public works 74. The ancient Romans' most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of A) economics B) poetry C) drama D) law
75. How did the geography of the Italian peninsula influence the development of the Roman Empire? A) The unnavigable rivers in the northern part of the peninsula protected the Romans from their neighbors. B) The harsh climate prevented agricultural production on the Italian peninsula. C) The lengthy, rugged seacoast encouraged frequent invasions of the Italian peninsula. D) The location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region. 76. The Twelve Tables were the written laws of A) ancient Babylonia B) the Mauryan Empire C) the British Empire D) ancient Rome 77. Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? A) Babylonian B) Greek C) Phoenician D) Roman 78. The golden ages of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires can be attributed in part to A) cultural isolation B) stable governments C) command economies D) distinct social classes 79. One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of A) the concept of zero B) the process of making silk C) a republican form of government D) the printing press 80. The Pillars of Emperor Asoka of the Mauryan Empire and the Code of Hammurabi of Babylon are most similar to the A) ziggurats of Sumeria B) map projections of Mercator C) Great Sphinx of the Egyptians D) Twelve Tables of the Romans 81. Roman women could own property. Roman women could make wills leaving their property to whomever they chose. A valid conclusion drawn from these facts is that Roman women A) had the right to vote B) enjoyed some legal rights C) were equal to men D) could hold political offices 82. The Twelve Tables, Justinian s Code, and the English Bill of Rights are similar in that each addresses the issue of A) social mobility B) economic development C) the individual and the state D) the importance of religion 83. One way in which the Twelve Tables and Justinian s Code were similar is that both provided A) a standardized system of laws B) a means of achieving social equality C) the freedom to pursue their own religion D) the right to a public education 84. China under the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both grew wealthy because they A) developed extensive trade networks B) created classless societies C) encouraged democratic ideals D) established free-market economies 85. One way in which the Twelve Tables, the Justinian Code, and the Napoleonic Code were similar is that they A) emphasized social equality B) provided a written set of laws C) established democratic governments D) proposed economic goals 86. The importance of the Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code is that they A) established legal principles B) instituted democratic governments C) provided religious freedom D) promoted equality for all classes
Base your answers to questions 87 and 88 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 87. Based on the information provided by this map, which body of water was most likely the center of Roman trade? A) Red Sea B) Black Sea C) Atlantic Ocean D) Mediterranean Sea 88. Which statement is best supported by the information on this map? A) The Roman Empire extended over three continents. B) Rivers kept invaders out of the Roman Empire. C) Alexandria served as the eastern capital of the Roman Empire. D) Carthage was eventually destroyed by the Romans. 89. One way in which the Twelve Tables of Rome, the Code of Hammurabi, and the Justinian Code were similar is that they established A) trade agreements with neighboring countries B) tolerance for the different religions of their people C) written legal systems D) social class equality 90. One way in which the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar is that both A) governed large areas around the Mediterranean Sea B) created democratic societies in which people elected their government officials C) developed a social system in which great equality existed D) promoted unity and communication by building a strong system of roads
91. An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was A) a renewed interest in education and the arts B) a period of disorder and weak central government C) an increase in trade and manufacturing D) the growth of cities and dominance by the middle class 92. The political system of the ancient Roman Empire was characterized by A) a strong central government B) rule by a coalition of emperors and religious leaders C) universal suffrage in national elections D) strict adherence to constitutional principles 93. Which of these ancient civilizations had the most influence on the Western concepts of civil and natural law? A) Rome B) China C) Aztec D) Mesopotamia 94. A major impact of ancient Greece and Rome on Western civilization was that A) the Greeks and Romans succeeded in achieving a classless society, which was later copied in Western Europe B) Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired and copied in the 18th and 19th centuries C) Greece and Rome transmitted Islamic philosophy to the areas they conquered D) Greek and Latin are still widely spoken in universities throughout the West 95. A major reason for the decline of the Roman Empire was A) a series of military defeats in Africa B) political corruption and the instability of the government C) the abolition of slavery throughout the Empire D) continued acceptance of traditional religions 96. A major effect of the decline of the Roman Empire was that western Europe A) came under the control of the Muslims B) was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire C) returned to a republican form of government D) entered a period of chaos and disorder 97. A major contribution of the Roman Empire to Western society was the development of A) gunpowder B) the principles of revolutionary socialism C) monotheism D) an effective legal system 98. The Code of Hammurabi of Sumeria, the Twelve Tables of Rome, and the Justinian Code of the Byzantine Empire were similar in that they A) provided a basis for behavior for medieval knights and Japanese samurai B) are legal systems developed to create order for the society C) are documents that maintained the position of the upper classes D) became examples of religious doctrine for other societies 99. The cultures in North Africa are more closely associated with Middle Eastern cultures than with the cultures of the rest of Africa mainly because A) the geography of Africa has limited contact between North Africa and the rest of Africa B) only North Africa was part of the Roman Empire C) most of the people of North Africa have emigrated from Asia D) sub-saharan Africa has been subject to European imperialism 100. Which technological innovation was essential to stimulate the expansion of the gold-salt trade in West Africa? A) lateen sail B) iron cannons C) camel caravans D) moveable type
101. The Bantu migration is most closely associated with the spread of A) bureaucratic governments B) agricultural skills C) the diamond trade D) the principles of Sharia 102. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all able to achieve golden ages in part because of their A) reliance on sugar plantation in the Niger delta B) control of trans-saharan trade routes C) discovery of oil reserves in the Gulf of Guinea D) ability to use the natural harbors on the Atlantic Ocean coast 103. The kingdoms of Ghana and Mali became prosperous and powerful because of A) their participation in the gold and salt trade B) the military protection provided to them by the Egyptians C) their dependence on legalism to enforce social control D) the tax revenue they collected from Christian missionaries 104. The Bantu migrations in Africa (500 B.C. A.D. 1500) had the greatest impact on the development of modern African A) languages B) market systems C) transportation systems D) architecture 105. The trans-saharan trade carried out by West African civilizations was primarily based on an exchange of A) gold and salt B) ivory and silk C) silver and tea D) hardwoods and animal skins 106...."One theory is that there were waves of migration, one moving through the east of Africa and another making its way through the centre of the continent. In Zambia, there is evidence of at least three routes of migration from the great lakes, from the Congo forest and from Angola."... Source: BBC, The Story of Africa: Early History This passage about the early history of Africa describes migrations associated with which group of people? A) Phoenicians B) Bantu C) Moors D) Babylonians 107. The primary reason the Bantu-speaking people of West Africa migrated southward and eastward between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1500 was to A) flee warfare B) seek religious freedom C) establish a colonial empire D) find land for farming and grazing 108. The Bantu cleared the land, then fertilized it with ashes. When the land could no longer support their families, the Bantu moved further south. By 1110 B.C., the Bantu had spread their rich culture throughout central and southern Africa. Which agricultural technique is described in this passage? A) irrigation B) terrace farming C) slash-and-burn D) crop rotation 109. One way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali are similar is that they A) established their wealth through trade B) improved their military strength with the use of gunpowder C) opened trade routes to the Americas D) adopted Christianity as their major religion 110. The economies of the western African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai relied on A) industrial growth B) shipbuilding C) textile production D) trans-saharan trade routes
Base your answers to questions 111 and 112 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 111. Which statement about the civilizations of Africa before 1901 can best be inferred by the information on the map? A) Christianity and Islam played a minor role in the development of African civilizations. B) Most African civilizations existed for only a few years. C) Very little interaction occurred between these civilizations. D) African civilizations were located in a variety of physical environments. 112. Which civilization was located at the mouth of the Niger River? A) Ghana B) Congo C) Benin D) Ashanti
113. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The routes shown on the map illustrate the A) spread of Christianity B) shift in European population C) expansion of apartheid D) pattern of the Bantu migrations 114. The West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai experienced economic prosperity because they all A) controlled vast reserves of oil and gold B) traded with many other nations C) maintained highly structured feudal systems D) solved tribal conflicts within their empires 115. Which term best completes the partial outline below? I. Rise of Civilizations of Ghana and Mali A. B. Spread of Islam C. Development of centers of learning A) Use of gunpowder B) Trade of gold and salt C) Development of Hammurabi's Code D) Distribution of the printing press
116. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 118. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. What is a valid conclusion that can be reached by studying this map? A) Africans had centralized governments during the age of European feudalism. B) African kingdoms did not exist before the Europeans arrived in Africa. C) African civilizations existed only in southern Africa. D) Africa's civilizations established many trade routes to India. 117. One conclusion that can be reached from the evidence about Mansa Musa s rule of Mali is that A) Christianity was a dominant religion in Africa in ancient times B) complex civilizations existed in West Africa before the arrival of Europeans C) trade was not necessary for a civilization to survive D) the slave trade originated in West Africa Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map? A) Songhai was the only inhabited area of Africa. B) The Sahara Desert blocked Songhai's trade with other parts of Africa. C) Songhai traded exclusively with central and eastern Africa. D) Rivers and overland trade routes helped Songhai become powerful. 119. A similarity between the ancient western African kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai is that these kingdoms A) limited the power of their rulers B) practiced Christianity C) established economies based on trade D) isolated themselves from contact with other cultures
120. One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they A) were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers B) had no contact with the rest of the world C) followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers D) developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and salt Classical Civilizations