MEXICO S EXPERIENCE WITH STATISTICS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE SICREMI Ernesto Rodríguez Chávez Centro de Estudios Migratorios, INM CEAM Meeting, Washington, DC January 26, 2010
CONTEXT: MEXICO ORIGIN, TRANSIT AND DESTINATION OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ORIGIN 660 560,000 incidents of Repatriation of Mexicans 400,000 Temporary Mex. workers 220,000 Permanent migrants to US 2008 TRANSIT 170,000 events DESTINATION 21 millon registered tourists and visitors 40,000 60,000 Guatemalan border workers 16,000 Mexican emigration to the US CA held by INM and US, plus those who managed to enter the US Immigrants Source: Estimates from the Center for Migration Studies, INM, based on figures from INM, U.S. Border Patrol and National Survey of Occupation and Employment, 2008
Population censuses 1990 and 2000 SOURCES OF STATISTICS WITH INFORMATION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN MEXICO - On microdata - Record of population born abroad and flows for last 5 years, not including nationality.. (Difficulties in measuring immigration based on those born abroad given the dual Mexico-US nationality ) Household surveys with microdata ENADID National survey of the demographic dynamics [1992, 1997, (2006) ] stock and flow over last 5 years ENOE (National survey of occupations and employment) quarterly [2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 ] stock and flow
SOURCES OF STATISTICS WITH INFORMATION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN MEXICO EMIF Survey of international migration on Northern border EMIF NORTH (annual since 1999) Southern border EMIF SUR (annual since 2004) - Measures and describes labor flows through those borders Administrative records produced from migration management (INM) Were not created for statistical purposes, do not necessarily reflect the migration processes in the country.
BASIC PROBLEMS: 1. In terms of international migration, the surveys are more geared towards gathering statistical information on totals, origin, and nature of Mexican emigration, and on remittances and how they are used. 2. Lack of computerized and disaggregated statistics on immigrants. 3. Absence of databases of individual records in most of immigration processes.
BASIC PROBLEMS: 4. Lack of differentiated information in National Censuses and Surveys on people born abroad but holding Mexican nationality. 5. Complexity of current migration laws and poor management practices that adversely affect the accuracy and quality of statistics. 6. Non-homologation of statistics with concepts and series most often used by international organizations. 7. Lack of information to handle a great deal of requests from international organizations for immigration statistics: OECD and ILO.
Work strategy Transformation of record types and forms and reconstruction of statistics from previous years where possible Moving from data collection to generating statistics from databases with individual electronic records 1.- Reformulating concepts used in migration statistics. - Clear, explicit, and in accordance with national and international requirements. 2. Redesigning the data collection processes and systems to get computerized individual records. 3.- Creating the organizational structure and the necessary physical, technological, and human infrastructure. 4.- Transform the dissemination of migration statistics
PRODUCTO: BOLETÍN MENSUAL DE ESTADÍSTICAS MIGRATORIAS INM, 2009 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE MIGRACIÓN Section: I. Record of entries of Foreigners and Mexicans II. Documentation and legal stay in Mexico III. Foreigners accommodated (kept) and returned IV. Protection Groups for migrants V. Repatriation of Mexicans from the USA Breakdown of information Federal entity, point of detention, quality and nature of migration Entry by air by continent and country of nationality Federal entity Continent and country of nationality (FM3, FM2, immigrant, refugees) Continent, country of nationality, gender, nature of migration and age groups (regularization program) Immigration form for local visitor Immigration form for border worker Federal entity (kept and returned) Continent and country of nationality (kept and returned) Age group and status of travel companion (returned) Federal entity and type of resolution (returned) Continent, country of nationality and type of resolution (returned) Protection measures for migrants by Beta Group Measures by regional delegation and Beta Group Federal entity and point of repatriation Age and Gender Groups Status of travel companion (minors)
II. Documentación y legal estancia en México INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE MIGRACIÓN Immigrant FM2 issued 2' 1,478 1,755 1,804 Immigrant Forms Issued for Local Visitor (FMVL) for Guatemala and Belize Immigration Forms Issues for Border Worker (FMTF) for Guatemala 1,484 5,741 16,509 3,978 1,502 2,047 Refugees 5 1 13 Regularization Program 3' 106 190 275 15,416 84,858 17,017 66 2,015 FM2 Issued = New formal immigrants
2.3.1 FM2 (immigrant) visas issued by the INM,, by continent and country of nationality, 2009 Continent / Country of Nationality January February March April May June July August Total Total 1,478 1,421 2,162 1,949 1,755 2,274 2,573 1,804 15,416 Americas 1,029 1 000 1,486 1,387 1,235 1,668 1,908 1,320 11,033 North America 234 261 313 319 253 319 322 270 2,291 Canada 38 39 56 72 48 62 46 28 United States 196 222 257 247 205 257 276 242 1,902 389 Central America 218 322 403 388 359 550 625 352 3,217 Belize 5 4 10 3 7 5 6 18 58 Costa Rica 8 3 13 13 21 6 17 9 90 El Salvador 33 52 67 68 63 86 91 62 522 Guatemala 75 118 143 129 121 245 293 138 1,262
Recommendations to advance the SICREMI project 1. Consolidate a technical group for timely follow up on statistics on international migration generated by the member countries of the OAS, to guide national correspondents. 2. Create accurate methodological and conceptual frames of reference for preparing statistics in accordance with the dynamics of the international movement of people in the region, particularly on international migration. 3. Promote the use and development of administrative records on international migration, through consultation mechanisms that exist in the region on the subject matter.
Recommendations to advance the SICREMI project 4. Promote the development of electronic systems for administrative records of individuals, so databases can be created with detailed, reliable information on the international movement of people in the region. 5. Encourage complementarity among neighboring countries in information from migration records, especially on entry-exit flows. 6. Increase training and exchanges of experience in order to expand, improve and standardize the generation and dissemination of statistics on international migration in a timely and reliable manner. CP23573E