Centre No. Candidate No. Surname Signature Paper Reference(s) 4370/1F London Examinations IGCSE Geography Foundation Tier Paper 1F Thursday 15 November 2007 Morning Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials required for examination Ruler, pencil and pen Paper Reference 4 3 7 0 1 F Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B. In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided. Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). Some parts of questions must also be answered with a cross in a box ( ). Initial(s) Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Question Number Blank Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 Section B 7 8 9 Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g.. There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 110. There are 32 pages in this question paper. Any pages are indicated. Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. 2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer s Log. No. M29186RA W850/U4370/57570 5/5/5/2/2/ *M29186RA0132* Total Turn over
SECTION A Answer ALL six questions in this section. 1. Water (a) Study Figure 1 which shows one type of waterfall. River Hard rock 1... 2... River Boulders Figure 1 3... (i) Fill in the spaces 1, 2 and 3 by choosing from the following words: undercutting plunge pool softer rock. (ii) What is meant by the term hard rock? (iii) Why did the hard rock cause a waterfall to form? (3) 2 *M29186RA0232*
(iv) Explain how feature 3 shown in Figure 1 was formed. (3) (v) Why does undercutting occur where shown in Figure 1? (b) Waterfalls can create both benefits and problems. Describe: 1. one benefit............ 2. one problem............. (4) (Total 15 marks) Q1 *M29186RA0332* 3 Turn over
2. Hazards (a) Study Figure 2 which shows the area of India affected by a cyclone (tropical storm) in October 1999. N Delhi CYCLONE IMPACT ON ORISSA BANGLADESH 12 million people homeless INDIA Orissa Calcutta B A Bay of Bengal Ganges Delta tens of thousands of people dead or missing 80% of coconut trees and sugar crop lost Warm sea $2.5 billion damage to roads, railways, power lines and telecommunications 0 500 km Indian Ocean A B 150 mph winds 7m high storm surge hit low coast Cyclone loses strength Track of cyclone Figure 2 (i) State the impact of this cyclone in the state of Orissa on: 1. the people 2. the economy. (4) 4 *M29186RA0432*
(ii) Suggest why the storm lost strength as it crossed the state of Orissa. (iii) What is a storm surge? (b) (i) Give one name, other than cyclone, by which tropical storms are known. (ii) When are tropical storms most common in the Northern Hemisphere? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box. June and July when sea temperatures are warming April and May when sea temperatures are cool September and October when sea temperatures are warmest (iii) Give two types of weather that occur with the arrival of a tropical storm. 1... 2... *M29186RA0532* 5 Turn over
(c) Referring to examples, give two reasons why the impact of tropical storms is greater in some areas of the world than others. 1............ 2............ (4) Q2 (Total 15 marks) 6 *M29186RA0632*
3. Production (a) Study Figure 3 which shows Kia Motors new research and development (R&D) centre close to Paris, France. Figure 3 (i) Give one example of the work done in an R&D centre. (ii) To which sector of employment does R&D belong? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box. Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary *M29186RA0732* 7 Turn over
(iii) R&D in the motor car industry can be described as high-tech. Suggest why. (iv) Give two advantages of the site shown in Figure 3 for a modern high-tech R&D centre. 1... 2... (4) (b) Kia Motors separates its R&D from its mass production which is located in Asia. (i) What is mass production? (ii) Suggest why car manufacturers mass produce. 8 *M29186RA0832*
(iii) Explain why the R&D work of many transnational companies is carried out in MEDCs such as France. (4) Q3 (Total 15 marks) *M29186RA0932* 9 Turn over
4. Development (a) Study Figure 4 which is a map of Shanghai, China. Pudong is a district of Shanghai. Lack of bridges was an obstacle to development before 1990 Yangtze River N Japan South Korea Central Shanghai (overcrowded) Hangpu River Pacific Ocean North America Pudong (poor area of marshy farmland and mud flats before 1990.) New multi-purpose development: airport, hotels, metro link, restaurants, apartments, banks, Stock Exchange, high-tech industries Hong Kong Singapore Taiwan Malaysia Key City boundary of Shanghai Outer ring road Inner ring road Pudong district 0 20 km Figure 4 (i) On which bank of the Hangpu river is Pudong located? (ii) Give two factors that limited the economic development of Pudong before 1990. 1... 2... 10 *M29186RA01032*
(iii) Suggest why the Chinese government identified Pudong as a suitable site for development after 1990. (3) (b) In 2000 the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Pudong was ten times greater than in 1990. (i) What is Gross Domestic Product? (ii) With reference to Figure 4, identify: 1. a secondary industry that has recently located in Pudong 2. a tertiary industry that has recently located in Pudong. (iii) For one industry you have identified in (b)(ii), suggest how it might have contributed to the rise in GDP. Industry... *M29186RA01132* 11 Turn over
(c) Suggest two different ways that governments such as that of China can stimulate an area in need of economic development. Examples may help your answer. 1............ 2............ (4) Q4 (Total 15 marks) 12 *M29186RA01232*
5. Migration (a) Study Figure 5 which shows a recent advertisement in a UK newspaper. COME TO CANADA! We have a booming economy and MANY job vacancies to fill! Requirements: personal wealth education and training qualifications Figure 5 (i) For each of 1 3 below, put a cross ( ) in the box by the one word or phrase that best describes the type of migration advertised. 1. emigration immigration 2. economic migration political migration 3. skilled labour migration unskilled labour migration (3) (ii) Give reasons why this type of migration is typical of booming economies. (3) *M29186RA01332* 13 Turn over
(iii) Suggest why having some personal wealth is a requirement for migration into Canada. (3) (b) (i) What is a refugee? (ii) Give reasons for one named international migration of refugees. Named migration... (4) (Total 15 marks) Q5 14 *M29186RA01432*
6. Urban Environments (a) Study Figure 6(a) which shows land use in Nairobi, Kenya. N River Mathare River Nairobi H i h g c o m e r i n d i e s n t e Muthaiga (mainly European) Parklands (mainly Asian) Golf Westlands course (mainly African) i a l Nairobi Hill Open space CBD Uhuru Park Shanty settlement Nairobi Valley Mathare Valley (African) Floodplain Low Shanty income settlement residential (mainly African) Dandora Self-help housing Shanty settlement Lower Nairobi Valley River Ngong 0 km Shanty settlements Floodplain 2 Kibera (African) Middle income residential (mainly African) Industrial zone Nairobi National Park Modern industrial area Road to Nairobi airport and road/rail to Mombasa Figure 6(a) (i) Name two areas of shanty settlement. 1... 2... (ii) Give one typical characteristic of: 1. shanty town residents 2. shanty town housing. *M29186RA01532* 15 Turn over
(iii) What is meant by the term self-help housing? (iv) Describe one difference between self-help housing and shanty housing. (v) What evidence is there on the map that the people of Nairobi live in areas according to: 1. their income 2. their ethnicity? (4) 16 *M29186RA01632*
(b) Study Figure 6(b) which is a photograph taken from Nairobi Hill. Figure 6(b) Using both Figures 6(a) and 6(b), suggest why the photograph shows Nairobi s Central Business District (CBD)......................... (4) Q6 (Total 15 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 90 MARKS *M29186RA01732* 17 Turn over
SECTION B Answer ONE question only from this section. Put a cross in the box indicating the question you have chosen to answer ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then put a cross in another box ( ). 7. Fragile Environments If you answer Question 7, put a cross in this box ( ). (a) Study Figure 7(a) which shows how the level of deforestation varies within the Amazonia region of Brazil. Colombia Venezuela Atlantic Ocean N 0 o Equator R. Amazon Peru KEY Level of deforestation Bolivia 0 500 1000 km River National boundary Low Medium High Boundary of Amazonia region of Brazil Figure 7(a) (i) What is meant by the term deforestation? (ii) Approximately what percentage of Amazonia has a high level of deforestation? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box. 10% 20% 50% 18 *M29186RA01832*
(iii) Put a cross ( ) in the correct box to show whether each of the following statements is true or false. True False 1. The highest level of deforestation is in the west of Amazonia 2. In most of Amazonia there has been a low level of deforestation (b) Explain how deforestation can lead to: (i) increased flooding of the river Amazon (3) (ii) problems for the Amazonian ecosystem and local Indians. (3) *M29186RA01932* 19 Turn over
(c) Some Brazilians have been keen to develop economic activities in Amazonia. Describe two such activities that cause major deforestation. 1............ 2............ (4) 20 *M29186RA02032*
(d) Study Figure 7(b) which shows an area of agroforestry in the Amazonian rainforest. Annual crop Tree seedlings planted with annual food crops Hedgerows densely planted with trees Mature tree crop e.g. Wood (charcoal, building timber, fuel) fruits (coconuts, brazils, breadfruit) Figure 7(b) Explain how agroforestry may be thought of as a sustainable form of rainforest development..................................... (6) (Total 20 marks) Q7 *M29186RA02132* 21 Turn over
8. Globalisation If you answer Question 8, put a cross in this box ( ). (a) Study Figure 8(a) which gives information about the overseas stores of Tesco plc, a UK supermarket company. 250 200 Thailand USA (predicted) Number of stores 150 100 50 0 Dates of first store opening Sales ( billion) in 2005 Hungary Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Ireland S Korea Taiwan Malaysia Turkey 1994 1995 1996 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2003 2004 2007 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.6 Japan China Figure 8(a) (i) In which year did Tesco open its first store overseas? (ii) Into which two Asian countries has Tesco most recently expanded? 1... 2... (iii) In which continent does Tesco plan to open stores in 2007? 22 *M29186RA02232*
(iv) Suggest why Tesco s actions are an example of globalisation. (3) *M29186RA02332* 23 Turn over
(b) Study Figure 8(b) which shows how the Chinese GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is predicted to change between 2003 and 2050. 45 40 35 30 000s $bn 25 20 15 Overtakes Britain 2005 Chinese GDP 10 5 0 Overtakes America 2041 (predicted) 2003 2050 Figure 8(b) (i) Describe how China s GDP is predicted to change up to 2050. (ii) In relation to China s GDP, what is meant by the term market? 24 *M29186RA02432*
(iii) Suggest why Tesco are keen to open more stores in China and in the USA. (4) (c) Seven items recently bought in a UK Tesco store for a three-course dinner had collectively travelled approximately 55 000 kilometres from producer to store. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of this long-distance trade..................................... (6) Q8 (Total 20 marks) *M29186RA02532* 25 Turn over
9. Human Welfare If you answer Question 9, put a cross in this box ( ). (a) Study Figure 9(a) which shows the number of people suffering from a poor diet (malnutrition) in five areas of the world. 500 500 Number of people in millions 400 300 200 100 400 300 200 100 0 North Africa and Near East Africa south of the Sahara East Asia South Asia Latin America and Caribbean 0 Region Key 1975 1985 1995 2005 Figure 9(a) (i) For one of the five regions shown, name one country within that region. Region... Named country... (ii) Approximately how many people were malnourished in these five areas in 2005? Put a cross ( ) in the correct box. 300 million 500 million 700 million 26 *M29186RA02632*
(iii) For the period 1975 2005, name one area in which the number of malnourished people: 1. decreased 2. increased. *M29186RA02732* 27 Turn over
(b) Study Figure 9(b) which shows how food supply and population can change in an LEDC. Increasing total amount food supply population Time Figure 9(b) (i) Label a period of famine on the graph. 28 *M29186RA02832*
(ii) How can overpopulation lead to famine? Figure 9(b) may help your answer. (3) (iii) Suggest three other causes of famine in LEDCs. 1... 2... 3... (6) *M29186RA02932* 29 Turn over
(c) Describe how some LEDCs are trying to slow down the rate of population growth. Refer to examples in named countries..................................... (6) Q9 (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 20 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER: 110 MARKS END 30 *M29186RA03032*
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