The Constitution The SUPREME law of the land (R42-R67)

The Constitution The SUPREME law of the land (R42-R67)

Structure and Principles Chapter 3 Section 1 Three Branches of Government Chapter 3 Section 2

The Constitution Has a division of powers as key principle because of the fear of tyranny Established a republic Lays out citizens rights and what they can expect of their government

The Constitution ~ Structure 1 Preamble 7 Articles 27 Amendments

The Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and or Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America Introduction Purposes of Government Power of government comes from the people

The Legislative Branch Article I Longest/Most Important Article Creates U S Congress Details about 2 houses of Congress (HOR/S) Procedures for making laws Types of laws Congress may pass Specify the powers that Congress does not have

The Legislative Branch House of Representatives = Voice of the People Senate = Broad interests of the states Passing laws important Powers given are expressed so there is not abuse of power Enumerated powers 5 deal with economic matters 7 deal with providing for defense others deal with naturalizing citizens, establishing post offices & courts Elastic Clause aka Necessary and Proper Clause

Federal Hall Lower Manhattan, New York U S Capitol Building Washington, D. C.

The Executive Branch Article II Carry out laws passed by Congress Detail the powers and duties of the presidency Describe the qualifications for the office and procedures for electing the president Provide for a vice president

The Executive Branch Created in response to weak AOC Powers and responsibilities have grown President has broad but vague powers and exact meaning is open to interpretation

The Executive Branch Specific powers Commander in Chief Appoints heads of executive departments (with Senate consent) Can pardon people convicted of federal crimes Make treaties with foreign nations Appoint ambassadors, federal court judges and other top officials State of the Union Address Call Congress into special session Meets with heads of state ambassadors and other foreign officials Commissions all military officers Execute laws passed by Congress

The Judicial Branch Article III Weakest branch Establishes a Supreme Court to head the judicial branch Gives national government the power to create lower federal courts Outlines the jurisdiction or the authority of the Supreme Court and other federal courts to rule on class Defines treason against the United States Relationship of the states to one another and to the national government National government will protect the states against invasion or domestic violence Amendment of Constitution Supremacy Clause

Shared Power and Conflict The President as Legislator Executive and Legislative Branches must work together for legislation to become policy EB provides plans for many laws Congress considers Conflicts

Shared Power and Conflict Congress vs Courts Congress can create lower federal courts and limit Supreme Court jurisdiction

Shared Power and Conflict Supreme Court vs the President Some SC decisions require president to take action in order for its decision to be carried out Presidents may refuse to enforce the Court s decision

Six Basic Principles of the Constitution (65) Popular Sovereignty Checks and Balances (66) Federalism Judicial Review Separation of Powers Limited Government Constitutionalism

Amending the Constitution Formal vs Informal Chapter 3 Section 3

Formal Amendment of the Constitution (77) First Method 2/3 vote in each house of Congress Ratified by 3/4 State legislatures 26 of 27Amendments adopted Second Method Amendment proposed by Congress Ratified by convention in 3/4 States 21 st Amendment

Informal Amendment of the Constitution Basic Legislation Executive Action Executive Agreement, Treaty Court Decisions Party Practices Electoral College, National Conventions Custom Cabinet, Senatorial Courtesy

The Amendments Chapter 3 Section 4 Chunking the Amendments

The Amendments Constitutional government in the United States has changed over time as a result of amendments to the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court decisions, legislation and informal practices.

The Amendments The Bill of Rights was drafted in response to the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. #1-10

The Amendments The Reconstruction Era prompted Amendments 13, 14 and 15 to address the aftermath of slavery and the Civil War.

The Amendments Amendments 16, 17, 18, 19 responded to calls for reform during the Progressive Era.

The Amendments Four amendments have provided for extensions of suffrage to disenfranchised groups. #15, 19, 24, 26

The Amendments Five amendments have altered provisions for presidential election, terms, and succession to address changing historical circumstances. #17, 20, 22, 23, 25

The Amendments Amendments 11, 21 and 27 have addressed unique historical circumstances.