What s That (Gilded Age) Pic?

What s That (Gilded Age) Pic?

Review Questions 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

P i c t u r e 1 Q u e s t i o n s

P i c t u r e 2 Q u e s t i o n s

P i c t u r e 3 Q u e s t i o n s

Picture 4 Questions

Picture 5 Questions

P i c t u r e 6 Q u e s t i o n s

P i c t u r e 7 Q u e s t i o n s

Picture 9 Questions

P i c t u r e 1 0 Q u e s t i o n s

1 What happens during a boom? Industries and businesses grow because People buy more People invest in industries

2 What happens during a bust? Businesses shrink/close because Spending and investing decrease Industries make fewer goods Industries lay off workers

3 What were the seven (7) main causes of industrial growth in the US from 1860-1914? Plentiful natural resources Growing population Improved transportation High immigration New inventions Investment capital Government assistance

4 What was a transcontinental railroad? A railroad that spanned the entire nation and encouraged people to settle in the West and develop its economy

5 Which two (2) immigrant groups built most of the first transcontinental railroad? Chinese Irish

6 How did the transcontinental railroad affect time? The railroads created standard time Divided the US into 4 time zones Made it easier to set schedules

7 How did the transcontinental railroad link the economies of the East and West? Brought raw materials like lumber, livestock and grain East Took manufactured goods and settlers West

8 What is a robber baron? A business leader who became wealthy by using dishonest methods such as Lying Bribing officials Making secret deals Selling fake stock Sabotage

9 What is a philanthropist? A person who gives away a great deal of his/her own money to charity

10 What is a corporation? A business owned by investors who buy part of the company through shares of stock

11 What is a monopoly? A company that wipes out its competitors and controls an entire industry, including prices

12 What is a trust? A legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry

13 What were four (4) specific ways John D. Rockefeller s Standard Oil gained power? Bought out smaller companies Bribery Sabotage Secret deals

14 Which industry did Andrew Carnegie dominate through his corporation and monopoly? Steel

15 Define the Gilded Age. The late 1800s in America when the wealth of a few people (robber barons) masked the rest of society s problems like political corruption and widespread poverty.

16 What is the Gospel of Success? Anyone can become famous in America by trying hard enough (ambition) and not giving up (perseverance)

17 Which three (3) types of people rise to the top of society in Social Darwinism? Best Smartest Most hard-working

18 What are sweatshops? Makeshift factories in dimly lit and poorly ventilated buildings where workers (mainly women and children) worked long hours for low wages.

19 What are labor unions? Groups of workers who join together to negotiate better working conditions and wages with business owners

20 What three (3) methods did the AFL and other labor unions use to obtain their goals? Strikes Boycotts Negotiations

21 What are four (4) modern benefits labor unions won in the Gilded Age? The 8-hour work day Workers compensation Pensions (retirement account) Paid vacation

22 Why was urbanization necessary during the Gilded Age? Immigrants and ex-farmers were moving to the cities to take industrial jobs in factories

23 What three (3) inventions helped urbanization during the Gilded Age? Steel (Bessemer steel process) Elevators (electricity) Streetcars (electricity)

24 What is a tenement? A run-down and overcrowded apartment house

25 What is a slum? A neighborhood of overcrowded and dangerous tenements

26 What were the two (2) goals of the social gospel movement? Improve the lives of the poor Abolish child labor

27 What three (3) services did settlement houses offer the poor? Daycare Education Healthcare

28 What were political machines? An organization that controls local government by trading food, jobs, bribes, and favors for votes

29 What were five (5) push factors that made immigrants leave their homelands? Population growth Agricultural changes Crop failures The Industrial Revolution Religious/political turmoil

30 What were three (3) pull factors that lured immigrants to the US? Freedom Economic opportunity Abundant land

31 Which regions of Europe did new immigrants immigrate from? Southern and Eastern

32 How did many immigrants get to Ellis Island? Steerage class on ships after selling most of their possessions for a ticket

33 What two (2) things did immigrants learn from employers or labor unions in order to assimilate? English How to be an American citizen

34 What were two (2) fears Americans had about immigrants? Immigrants would take American jobs Immigrants would be controlled by political machines

35 Why did some native-born Americans dislike immigrant workers? Immigrant workers would take jobs for lower wages in worse conditions than American workers

36 What were four (4) reasons immigrants supported political machines? The politicians Came from their home country Spoke their native language Made the immigrants feel comfortable Helped immigrants get a job

37 What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do? Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years

38 Which immigrants were treated the worst? Nonwhites

39 Analyze and explain how industrialization affected American life during the Gilded Age. (Explain how specific things made life better or worse for Americans during the industrial Gilded Age.) Better Boom Electricity Immigrants Labor unions Philanthropists Settlement houses Steel Strikes Telephones Transcontinental RR Worse Bust Monopolies Political Machines Robber barons Slums sweatshops Tenements Trusts

40 Analyze and explain how new immigrants affected America. (Explain specific ways new immigrants changed, helped, or hurt America.) Helped Brought parts of their culture to create the American melting pot took dangerous jobs for low pay lived together in neighborhoods like Chinatown or Little Italy Urbanization cities got bigger settlement houses Hurt Chinese Exclusion Act political machines Racism from nativeborn Americans