August 2010 Briefing Paper Pakistan Floods 2010: Country Aid Factsheet Pakistan is in the grips of a major natural disaster with severe flooding affecting an estimated three million people. As the government and international community attempts to provide first response, measure the impact and count the costs of meeting humanitarian needs, the GHA programme reflects on Pakistan s recent history as an aid recipient. Indicator Result Global ranking Population 173 million HDI Rank 0.572 141/182 GDP per Capita (2007) US$2,496 132/184 Population below income poverty line % (2000-2007) less than US$2 a day Sources: Human Development Report, United Nations, Transparency International 60.3 63/100 Life expectancy (2007) 66.2 118/194 Probability of not living until 40 13% 61/183 Pakistan has significant development challenges, ranked amongst the medium development countries in UNDP s Human Development Index (HDI) but with 60% of the large population of 173 million people living on less than US$2 a day. Pakistan a major aid beneficiary receiving US$1.5 billion in official development assistance (ODA) and ranking as the 14 th largest global recipient of aid in 2008. Pakistan is prone to natural disasters and has already suffered a series of major events in the last five years, especially in 2005 when severe and flooding affected seven million people and an additional five million were affected by the Kashmir earthquake. Pakistan is also affected by regional and domestic instability and is ranked towards the bottom of the Global Peace Index at 145 out of 149 in 2010. Military offensives against militants in north-west Pakistan in 2009 rapidly displaced more than two million people. Pakistan also hosts one of the world s largest refugee populations, 1.7 million people mostly from Afghanistan. Pakistan has received significant volumes of humanitarian assistance in response to specific disasters, including US$576 million following the flooding and Kashmir earthquake in 2005, and a further US$465 million in 2006 as humanitarian needs in Kashmir continued. In 2008 Pakistan was the 16 th largest global recipient of humanitarian aid.
Aid to Pakistan, 1995-2008 In 2008 Pakistan received US$1.5 billion in ODA, its lowest level since 2003 and a 34% drop from the previous year s US$2.3 billion. In 2001 contributions rose sharply, up 195% from 2000, reflecting a convergence of global interest in the region following the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Humanitarian aid contributions to Pakistan respond to natural disaster events. In 2005 Pakistan received substantial humanitarian aid, US$576 million (which made up 31% of ODA) in response to the earthquake and floods which affected 12 million people. Humanitarian aid to Pakistan declined between 2006 and 2008 but remains significantly higher than in any year preceding the 2005 peak. US$ million (constant 2008) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 1995: flash floods 1996: floods 1998 floods 2001: Musharraf becomes President and supports US in fight against terrorism 2001: Earthquake and flood - 1.3 million affected 2000: drought 2002: Earthquake - 140,000 affected 2004: Earthquake October 2005: Earthquake- 5.1 million affected Feb 2005: Floods - 7 million affected 2007: Floods and storm - 1.6 million affected 2008: Earthquake and floods - 300,000 affected 500 0 31 26 41 34 37 35 81 69 68 57 576 465 248 178 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Humanitarian aid Non humanitarian aid ODA Source: OECD DAC (all donors) EM-DAT CRED
ODA to Pakistan compared to other recipient countries, 2008 In absolute terms, Pakistan ranked as the 14 th largest recipient of ODA in 2008, having received US$1.5 billion. Pakistan s ODA per capita in 2008 amounted to US$9.2, placing it 101 st amongst countries with more than half million inhabitants. Amongst the countries receiving more aid per capita than Pakistan were other states high on the political priority list of major donor countries - the occupied Palestinian territory, Iraq and Afghanistan. Note: Our method of calculation of ODA per capita excludes all countries with less than half a million population. The very small population figures seriously distort the analysis per capita. In 2008 14 out of the top 15 recipients of ODA per capita were small island sates. Recipient Total ODA, 2008 (US$m) Ranking per total ODA ODA per capita, Ranking per 2008 (US$m) capita Iraq 9880.2 1 333.7 5 Afghanistan 4865.1 2 172.2 12 Ethiopia 3327.5 3 39.0 66 occupied Palestinian territory (OPT) 2592.8 4 624.7 1 Viet Nam 2551.8 5 28.8 45 Sudan 2383.6 6 60.3 46 Tanzania 2330.7 7 56.1 50 India 2107.7 8 1.8 116 Bangladesh 2061.4 9 12.8 94 Turkey 2023.7 10 26.7 79 Mozambique 1993.8 11 91.5 28 Uganda 1656.8 12 51.8 54 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1648.3 13 25.4 80 Pakistan 1539.4 14 9.2 101 China 1488.9 15 1.1 119 Kenya 1360.4 16 35.2 70 Egypt 1348.4 17 17.5 87 Ghana 1293.3 18 54.0 51 Nigeria 1289.8 19 8.5 105 Liberia 1250.4 20 315.5 6 Source: OECD DAC, all donors
Donor funding to Pakistan by sector, 2008 Almost a third of all aid committed by donors in 2008 was for activities promoting the health, well-being and education of the population. By far the largest proportion of Pakistan s aid is channelled to a range of activities encouraging economic growth. Development food aid 0.1% Other 0.4% Humanitarian aid 6.0% Education 8.5% Health 6.4% Population and reproductive health 10.1% Water and sanitation 3.0% Multisector-cross cutting 2.0% Industry, mining, construction and other productive services 1.7% General budget support 7.7% Agriculture, forestry, fishing 6.1% Economic infrastructure and services 36.6% Government and civil society 7.7% Other social infrastructure and services 3.7% Source: OECD DAC, all donor commitments 2008
Top humanitarian donors 1995-2008 In 2008 the top five humanitarian donors to Pakistan were the United States (US), the European Commission (EC), Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada. These donors provided 79% of total DAC donor humanitarian aid in that year. The US alone contributed 35% of the total DAC donor humanitarian aid in 2008 however its overall contributions had fallen by 67% since 2006. Over the period 1995-2008 the top 5 donors of humanitarian aid were the US, Turkey, the EC, Norway and the UK. Disbursements from these donors remained more or less constant until 2005 when large amounts of humanitarian aid were given by Turkey, US$165 million and Norway, US$100 million. The sharp increase in aid corresponds with the major earthquake and floods in 2005 Top 10 humanitarian donors to Pakistan 07-08 (constant prices) 2007 US$ m 2008 US$ m United States 94.54 United States 49.08 France 53.38 EC 25.09 EC 36.29 Australia 16.66 Germany 8.97 United Kingdom 13.46 Finland 7.39 Canada 8.14 Switzerland 5.37 Japan 7.14 Australia 5.19 Germany 4.54 United Kingdom 4.72 Switzerland 4.07 Canada 3.85 Sweden 3.78 Sweden 2.95 Turkey 2.68 US$ million 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0-50 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 United States Turkey EC Norway United Kingdom Total DAC donors Source: OECD DAC
Top non-dac humanitarian donors 1995-2008 In 2009 the UAE was the most generous non-dac donor donating US$30 million to Pakistan, the majority of which went through UN agencies. In 2005 Turkey was the most generous non-dac donor, reporting US$66 million to Pakistan, of which US$25 million was channel bilaterally to the Pakistan government. Note: Contributions reported through the FTS are voluntary so do not capture all humanitarian aid flows from non-dac donors. Some donors, such as Turkey, also report voluntarily to the OECD DAC;. For example, in 2005 it reported over US$160 million in total humanitarian aid to Pakistan Top 5 non-dac donors to Pakistan 2008-2009 2008 US$ m 2009 US$ m Saudi Arabia 1.9 UAE 30 Korea 0.1 Saudi Arabia 2.4 - Oman 2 - Russia 1 - Korea 0.7 70 60 US$ millions 50 40 30 20 10 Turkey Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of) United Arab Emirates Kyrgyzstan Qatar 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: UN OCHA FTS
Humanitarian aid to Pakistan compared to other recipient countries, 2008 Pakistan was 16 th largest recipient of humanitarian assistance in 2008, higher that China (ranked 23 rd ) and India (32 nd ) which both suffered natural disasters in that year. Recipient US$m Ranking Sudan 1399.9 1 Afghanistan 870.7 2 Ethiopia 840.3 3 Palestinian Adm. Areas 799.1 4 Somalia 566.5 5 Congo, Dem. Rep. 548.5 6 Iraq 394.8 7 Myanmar 365.7 8 Zimbabwe 333.5 9 Kenya 306.1 10 Lebanon 254.4 11 Sri Lanka 246.6 12 Chad 244.3 13 Uganda 244.1 14 Haiti 206.2 15 Pakistan 178.3 16 Jordan 150.8 17 Bangladesh 141.6 18 Indonesia 137.4 19 Korea, Dem. Rep. 109.2 20 US$ million Contributions to Pakistan via the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) Between 2007 and 2008, CERF contributions to Pakistan increased by 222% from US$5.8 million in 2007 to US$18.7 million in 2008. In 2008 Pakistan was the 5 th largest recipient of CERF funds. In 2009 CERF contributions to Pakistan dropped to US$8.9 million ranking Pakistan 12 th 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5.8 18.7 8.9 2007 2008 2009 Sources: OECD DAC (all donors) and CERF
Spain Luxembourg Ireland Finland Estonia Azerbaijan Sri Lanka Korea, republic of Denmark France Czech Republic Switzerland Sweden Belgium UAE Turkey Norway Kuwait Germany The Netherlands Thailand New Zealand Greece Italy UK Japan Canada China US Australia 0.9 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.1 1.0 0.02 0.5 1.4 0.2 1.7 3.0 0.7 1.52 0.3 3.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.5 0.1 3.3 1.8 3.2 1.9 1.5 5.0 9.0 10.7 Donor response to the 2010 Pakistan floods In August 2010 the United Nations launched an appeal in response to the floods in Pakistan with an original request for US$459 million. At the time of writing, US$92 million has been committed directly to the appeal with an additional US$58 million raised for the emergency. A number of donors have also volunteered pledges and in-kind contributions. Private donations are also beginning to flow with a number of humanitarian agencies, including the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Islamic Relief, Save the Children UK, the Disasters Emergency Committee, an umbrella organisation of UK based NGOs and UNICEF, launching funding appeals. GHA will continue to monitor and publish data and analysis on the humanitarian funding response to the Pakistan floods emergency. 24.5 38.0 40.2 Sources: OCHA, As of 13 h August 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 US$ million Pledged (US$) Committed (US$)
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