EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Australia The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Australia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between 21 and 215, 14 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons; ten males and four women. During the same period, nine persons (six women and three men) were convicted in first instance or after retrial. Four of the persons convicted were foreigners, while five were Australian citizens (four of them foreign-born). Source: The Office of the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions. Victims Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by age and gender, 21-June 215 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Jan- 21 211 212 213 214 June215 Women 2 8 14 19 25 9 Men 8 2 2 2 5 2 girls 3 1 2 4 Boys 1 Source: The Department of Social Services /Australian Red Cross.

Victims of trafficking referred to the Support for Trafficked People Program, by form of exploitation, 21-June 215 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 21 211 212 213 214 Unknown 1 Debt bondage 1 Jan- June215 Forced marriages 2 6 domestic servitude 2 1 6 11 5 removal of organs 1 forced labour 1 4 4 3 5 2 sexual exploitation 2 5 11 12 13 2 Source: The Department of Social Services /Australian Red Cross.

- Cambodia The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cambodia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Victims Number of repatriated victims of trafficking in persons, by countries of return and gender, 214 Males China, 1 Indonesia, 23 Females Saudi Arabia, 1 Thailand, 18 Malaysia, 23 Saudi Arabia, 7 Malaysia, 15 China, 13 Source: National Committee for Counter Trafficking. Number of repatriated victims of trafficking in persons, by form or sector of exploitation, 214 Marriage, 13 Other, 4 Forced labour: construction, 46 Forced labour: fishing, 93 Forced labour: domestic work, 14 Forced labour: factory work, 19 Source: National Committee for Counter Trafficking.

China The criminal code of China establishes as a crime the abduction of and trafficking in women and children, whereby the children are minors who are under the age of 14. Persons involved in the abduction of and trafficking in minors between the ages of 14 and 18 are prosecuted under the crime of false imprisonment. China criminalizes other forms of trafficking under other offences, including the crime of forced labour, the crime of organizing and coercing others into prostitution, the crime of organizing the sale of human organs, and the crime of organizing people with disabilities and children to beg. Investigations and suspects In 21, 3,343 persons were arrested and 4,422 prosecuted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 231 persons were arrested and 222 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 28 persons were arrested and 32 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,223 persons were arrested and 2,142 prosecuted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 2,199 persons were arrested and 2,662 were prosecuted. In 211, 2,96 persons were arrested and 3,315 prosecuted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 289 persons were arrested and 254 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 84 persons were arrested and 81 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,28 persons were arrested and 2,267 prosecuted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,815 persons were arrested and 2,38 were prosecuted. In 212, 2,388 persons were arrested, 3,699 prosecuted and 2,81 convicted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 187 persons were arrested and 224 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 87 persons were arrested, 1 were prosecuted and 27 convicted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,246 persons were arrested, 2,163 prosecuted and 2,276 convicted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,638 persons were arrested and 1,92 were prosecuted. In 213, 1,849 persons were arrested, 2,395 prosecuted and 1,978 convicted for the crime of trafficking in women and children. For the crime of child trafficking, 173 persons were arrested and 192 prosecuted. For the crime of forced labour, 66 persons were arrested and 73 were prosecuted. For the crime of organized crime of prostitution, 2,186 persons

were arrested, 2,159 prosecuted and 2,29 convicted. For the crime of forced prostitution, 1,42 persons were arrested, 1,219 prosecuted and 1,19 convicted. Source: Government of the People s Republic of China. Number of concluded cases from 212 to 215 25 2 15 1 5 Trafficking in women and children Buying of abducted women and children Forced prostitution Source: Government of the People s Republic of China. Number of sentenced persons from 212 to 215 Forced labour Sale of human organs by organizations 212 1918 66 124 17 1 213 1131 51 66 214 978 53 52 24 8 215 853 44 45 3 25 2 15 1 5 Trafficking in women and children Buying of abducted women and children Source: Government of the People s Republic of China. Forced prostitution Forced labour Sale of human organs by organizations 212 2831 13 1737 27 9 213 218 97 1116 214 1685 17 836 33 53 215 1389 114 642

Taiwan Province of China The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Taiwan Province of China criminalizes forced labour and sexual exploitation. Investigations and suspects Number of trafficking in persons cases investigated, by form of exploitation, 28-213 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 28 29 21 211 212 213 sexual exploitation 59 42 26 53 62 82 forced labour 4 46 77 73 86 84 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China. Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 28-213 6 5 4 3 2 1 28 29 21 211 212 213 sexual exploitation 452 233 346 259 48 13 forced labour 16 12 11 179 57 246 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 28-213 4 376 35 3 287 3 3 27 25 2 174 15 1 5 28 29 21 211 212 213 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China. Victims 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender, 29-213 29 21 211 212 213 females 258 258 229 396 319 male 71 66 9 66 47 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 29-213 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 29 21 211 212 213 forced labour 244 279 263 31 245 sexual exploitation 85 45 56 152 121 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China. Number of detected female victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 29-213 29 21 211 212 213 Females in forced labour 173 218 173 244 198 Females in sexual explotation 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 85 4 56 152 121 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by origin, 212-213 Thailand, 36 Philippines, 98 Viet Nam, 369 Mainland China, 11 Cambodia, 24 Bangladesh, 27 Other, 3 Indonesia, 1,133 Source: Published information on Taiwan Province of China.

Indonesia The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Indonesia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of cases of trafficking in persons investigated, 212-June 215 3 25 2 15 1 5 282 138 11 75 212 213 214 Jan-June 215 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection. Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-213 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 Males 13 89 Females 12 58 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 212-June 215 25 2 15 1 164 199 15 5 69 212 213 214 Jan-June 215 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection. Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 212-June 215 3 25 2 15 282 1 5 11 138 75 212 213 214 Jan-June 215 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.

Victims Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by gender and age, 212-213 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 Adult Women 174 75 Adult Men 46 17 Girls 71 6 Boys 1 3 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection. Number of cases of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 212 Source: Indonesia National Police and Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection.

Indonesian victims of trafficking repatriated, by country of repatriation, 212- August 215 Others, 4 North Africa and the Middle East, 389 Malaysia, 312 Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Other East Asia and the Pacific, 113

Japan The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Japan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of offences recorded for trafficking in persons, 212-215 Source: National Police Agency. Persons investigated for trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-215 6 5 4 3 2 1 212 213 214 215 Females 18 12 14 14 Males 36 25 19 28 Source: National Police Agency.

Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-215 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 214 215 Females 13 1 1 7 Males 25 21 17 19 Source: Ministry of Justice. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-215 Source: Ministry of Justice.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 212-215 Other, 3 Thailand, 14 Japan, 94 Source: Ministry of Justice. Victims Number of victims detected, by age and gender, 21-215 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 211 212 213 214 215 Women 35 45 25 14 18 44 Men 3 4 Girls 4 2 3 7 6 Boys 1 Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Number of victims detected, by form of exploitation, 21-215 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 211 212 213 214 215 Forced Marriage 3 Forced Labour 38 28 9 2 7 34 Sexual Exploitation 5 17 18 15 14 2 Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Justice/Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Number of victims detected, by country of citizenship, 21-212 Others, 5 Thailand, 2 Japan - domestic trafficking, 46 Philippines, 52 Source: National Police Agency/Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Ministry of Justice/ Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

Malaysia The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malaysia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects The Royal Police reported that 8 cases of trafficking in persons were investigated between 28 and 214. Of these, 59 were cases of trafficking for sexual exploitation, and 291 were for forced labour. Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. The Attorney General reported that 38 cases of trafficking were prosecuted in 214; 26 cases of trafficking for forced labour and 12 cases for sexual exploitation. Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. Victims In 214, 33 individuals were granted protection orders and placed in government shelters. In 212, 39 victims were granted the same assistance. Out of the victims, 295 were female and eight were male. The main citizenships detected were Indonesia (141), Viet Nam (91), and the Philippines (31). Source: Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons. Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by legal status, 21-November 212 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 471 39 22 21 211 Jan-Dec212 Source: Ministry of Home Affairs.

Mongolia The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Mongolia covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of offences of trafficking in persons recorded, 212-215 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 1 11 9 14 2 212 213 214 215 Source: Ministry of Justice. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-215 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Source: Ministry of Justice. According to the national authorities, 16 persons (7 females and 9 males) were convicted for trafficking in persons in the period considered. All the convicted persons were Mongolian citizens. Source: Ministry of Justice. 212 213 214 215 Females 12 5 2 14 Males 3 6 5 2

Victims Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 212-215 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 214 215 women 26 11 2 12 girls 11 7 3 8 The victims were mainly Mongolian citizens trafficked for sexual exploitation, with the exception of eight victims trafficked for forced labour. Some victims were domestically trafficked (36), the rest were trafficked to China, Malaysia, India, and Singapore. Source: Ministry of Justice.

Myanmar The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Myanmar covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of trafficking in persons offences recorded, 212-August 215 14 12 1 8 6 4 12 12 124 82 2 212 213 214 Jan-August 215 Source: Anti-trafficking Police. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-August 215 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Jan-August 212 213 214 215 Females 219 188 215 137 Males 16 81 152 16 Source: Anti-trafficking Police.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-214 25 2 15 1 5 Victims 212 213 214 Females 147 118 35 Males 7 51 27 Source: Anti-trafficking Police. Cases of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 212-August 215 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 214 Source: Anti- Trafficking Police. Jan-August 215 Others 1 Adoption 2 3 1 1 Forced marriage 134 86 121 68 Forced labour 69 17 146 13 Sexual exploitation 5 6 41 25 All the identified victims were local citizens trafficked abroad or domestically. When trafficked abroad, the largest number of cases were linked to China, Thailand, and Indonesia. Source: Ministry of Home Affairs/Anti- Trafficking Police.

Pacific Islands This section covers Fiji, the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands. The Marshall Islands criminalizes some aspects of trafficking in persons. Solomon Islands introduced a specific offence of trafficking in persons in 212, while Fiji has had a specific offence on trafficking in persons since 21. Solomon Islands and Fiji criminalize all aspects listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects In Fiji, between 212 and December 214, two cases concluded with the conviction of the prosecuted offenders. In the first case, four men (one Thai and three Chinese citizens) were convicted of trafficking in persons. In the second case, two Fijian men were convicted of slavery and trafficking in children. Source: High Court of Fiji/Office of the Director of Public Prosecution. Considering the recent introduction of the specific offence on trafficking in persons, no convictions have been reported in Solomon Islands during the reporting period. Source: Human Trafficking in Solomon Islands - American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative. In the Marshall Islands, two cases of transnational trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation were prosecuted in 212. No convictions have been reported in the Marshall Islands during the reporting period. Source: Attorney General Office. Victims In Fiji, in the two cases reported above, three Thai women, and three Fijian females (one adult and two minors) were trafficked for sexual exploitation in Fiji. Source: High Court of Fiji. Concerning Fiji, the Committee on the Rights of the Child reported a high number of children working as wheelbarrow boys or shoe-shiners in the markets, as well as a significant number who become involved in prostitution, pornography, and sex trafficking, as well as instances of caregivers engaging children in street-begging. The committee expressed concern about families selling their daughters into marriage and child trafficking victims being exploited in illegal brothels, local hotels, private homes, and other rural and urban locations. Additionally, the traditional practice of sending children to live with relatives or families in larger cities, where they might be subjected to domestic servitude or may be coerced to engage in sexual activity in exchange for food, clothing, shelter, or school fees, may put them at risk of human trafficking. Source: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. According to a study conducted in 214, throughout 212 and 213, the Immigration Division of Solomon Islands noted that numerous cases involved indicators of trafficking in persons. These cases have predominantly involved foreign (Asian) male workers on fishing vessels as victims of trafficking. The study shows trafficking in Solomon Islands is an issue which also occurs domestically and affects women and girls. Source: Human Trafficking in Solomon Islands - American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative.

Concerning Solomon Islands, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women reported sexual exploitation of girls in logging areas and through pornography. Source: UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

Philippines The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Philippines covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of cases recorded and persons suspected of trafficking in persons, 212-215 212 213 214 215 Cases recorded 261 38 326 274 Persons suspected 375 245 377 566 Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking. Number of persons convicted at regional trial court of trafficking in persons, by gender, 212-215 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 212 213 214 215 Females 15 21 28 29 Males 17 16 29 19 Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking.

Victims Trafficking victims assisted in prosecution of trafficking in persons cases, by age and gender, 212-215 12 1 8 6 4 2 212 213 214 215 Men 52 92 15 81 Women 529 487 68 442 Girls 167 188 261 15 Boys 15 28 37 18 Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking. Trafficking victims assisted in prosecution of trafficking in persons cases, by form of exploitation, 212-215 12 1 8 6 4 2 212 213 214 215 Forced labour 69 48 131 23 Sexual exploitation 694 747 952 562 Source: Inter Agency Council Against Trafficking.

Republic of Korea The specific offence of trafficking in persons covering all aspects listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol was enacted in March 213. The previous offence covered just trafficking for sexual exploitation. Other forms of trafficking were prosecuted under other offences of the criminal code. Investigations and suspects Persons investigated for trafficking in persons and other related offences, by gender, 212-215 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 212 213 214 215 Females 162 22 166 172 Males 39 432 518 58 Source: Ministry of Justice. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons and other related offences, by gender, 212-215 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 212 213 214 215 Females 64 48 57 7 Males 261 215 263 277 Source: Ministry of Justice.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons and other related offences, by gender, 212-215 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 212 213 214 215 Females 22 15 17 24 Source: Ministry of Justice. The numbers reported above on persons investigated, prosecuted, and convicted refer to trafficking in persons and other different, related offences, including looting of human beings for profit or other purposes, trade in women and others. Source: Ministry of Justice. Males 19 95 86 86

Thailand The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Thailand covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of investigations for trafficking in persons, 29-214 8 7 6 5 674 4 3 36 28 2 1 13 81 97 29 21 211 212 213 214 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 29-214 6 5 483 4 3 2 1 64 126 128 93 155 29 21 211 212 213 214 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 29-214 25 23 2 15 1 14 5 4 46 55 49 29 21 211 212 213 214 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Victims Number of victims of trafficking detected by the police, by age, 212-214 12 1 8 6 4 2 212 213 214 adults 16 263 215 minors 432 757 38 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.

Number of victims of trafficking detected by the police, by citizenship, 212-214 Lao People's Other/unknown Democratic, 14 Republic, 267 Cambodia, 271 Thailand, 1,254 Myanmar, 275 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 212-215 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 212 213 214 215 Women 26 5 26 128 Men 121 112 139 258 Boys 141 17 48 33 Girls 25 411 9 52 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee.

Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 212-215 Begging, 143 Forced labour, 1,18 Sexual exploitation, 832 Source: Office of Anti- Trafficking in Persons Committee. Assisted victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 212-215 Cambodia, 161 Lao People's Democratic Republic, 345 Other/Unknown, 15 Bangladesh, 148 Myanmar, 498 Stateless (from Rakhine State in Myanmar), 142 Thailand, 664 Source: Office of Anti-Trafficking in Persons Committee.

Viet Nam The specific offence of trafficking in persons (art. 119 of the criminal code) covers all forms of trafficking listed in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. The local authorities also use the offence of fraudulently exchanging or appropriating children (art. 12 of the criminal code) to prosecute trafficking cases. Investigations and suspects Number of offences of trafficking in persons (art. 119 and 12) recorded, 212- June 215 6 5 4 3 2 487 57 469 1 2 212 213 214 Jan-June215 Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons (art. 119 and 12), 212-June 215 5 45 4 35 3 25 453 2 416 389 15 1 198 5 212 213 214 Jan-June215 Source: The supreme people s procuracy of Viet Nam.

Persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by level of conviction and article of the criminal code used, 212-June 215 212 213 214 Jan-June215 37 29536 125114 79 46 2 1 13 3 15 89 9 49 23 Persons Persons convicted in first convicted in instance appeal (art 12) (art12) Persons Persons convicted in first convicted in instance appeal (art 119) (art119) Source: The supreme people s court of Viet Nam. Victims 14 Detected victims of trafficking in persons, 212-June 215 12 1 8 6 4 126 871 93 2 449 212 213 214 Jan-June215 Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals. All detected victims were citizens of Viet Nam, trafficked either domestically or abroad. When trafficked abroad, victims were repatriated from China, Malaysia, and other countries in East Asia. Source: Annual report of the steering committee on preventing and combating criminals/immigration Department of the Ministry of Public Security of Viet Nam.