SET- 26 MODERN INDIA

1 SET- 26 MODERN INDIA

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 2 Q. 1. Which of the following statements regarding Vellore Mutiny are Correct? 1. A new from of Turban, resembling a European hat was treated as an insult among the Soldiers traditional beliefs. 2. Wearing earrings and caste marks were also prohibited among the soldiers. 3. The rebellion though failed was well organized. Select the answers from the Codes a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 1 and 2 In Vellore the native sepoys rose in revolt in 1806. The Vellore Mutiny was organized by the sepoys. Sir John Cradock, the commander-in-chief, with the -approval of Lord-William Bentinck, the Governor of Madras, introduced a new from of turban, resembling a European hat. Wearing earrings and caste marks were also prohibited. The sepoys were asked to shave the chin and to trim the moustache. The sepoys felt that these were designed to insult them. There was also a popular belief that this was the beginning of a process by which all of them would be converted to Christianity The English treated the Indian sepoys as their inferior. There was the racial prejudice. Vellore Mutiny failed. There was no proper leadership. The rebellion was also not well organized. But it is the starting point of a new era of the resistance of the sepoys to the British rule.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 3 Q. 2. Which of the following statements regarding the Prarthana Samaj are Correct? 1. It was an offshoot of Brahmo Samaj. 2. It was a reform movement within Hinduism and concentrated on social reforms like inter-dining, intermarriage, widow remarriage and uplift of women and 3. It did not work for the Depressed classes. 4. Justice M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar were active members in it. Select the answers from the Codes a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 ANS: 1, 2 and 4 The Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 in Bombay by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang. It was an offshoot of Brahmo Samaj. It was a reform movement within Hinduism and concentrated on social reforms like inter-dining, intermarriage, widow remarriage and uplift of women and depressed classes. Justice M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar joined it in 1870 and infused new strength to it. Justice Ranade promoted the Deccan Education Society. Q. 3. Which of the following are the Salient features of the Gandhi Irwin Pact of 1931? 1. The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress 2. The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses other than violent one. 3. The Karachi session of 1931 did not endorse the Pact.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 4 Select the answers from the Codes a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 1 and 2 The moderate statesmen Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Mukund Ramrao Jayakar and Srinivas Shastri initiated efforts to break the ice between Gandhiji and the government. On 25th of January 1931, Lord Irwin authorized Gandhi s release from prison and withdrew prohibition of illegality against the Congress Working Committee. Following this the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March, 1931. Salient features of the Pact: The Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference. The Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement. The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress. The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses other than violent one. The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement. The INC called off the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to join the second Round Table Conference. The government on its part released political prisoners and conceded the right to make salt for consumption for villages along the coast. The Karachi session of 1931 endorsed the Pact.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 5 Q. 4. Consider the following statements. 1. The important aspects of his tenure include Great famines of Odisha, Rajputana and Bundelkhand, Famine Commissions, Opening of telegraphic lines between Europe. 2. Enactment of Punjab Tenancy Act, War with Bhutan, the policy of masterly inactivity was also during his reign. 3. Some people called him the Saviour of the Punjab. The above descriptions fit which Governor General and Viceroy of India? a. Lord John Lawrence b. Lord Canning c. Lord Elgin d. Lord Rippon ANS: Lord John Lawrence Some reforms such as abolition of internal duties, establishment of a common currency and postal system, and development of Punjabi infrastructure made him popular and he was by some people called the Saviour of the Punjab. He was partially able to prevent the Sikhs enter into mutiny due to his popular image and a general Sikh detest towards the Mughals. While appointed at Punjab, Lawrence had made an agreement with the Afghan leader Dost Muhammad Khan, but during his tenure as Viceroy, he adopted a cautious policy and avoided the conflicts with the Afghans and Persians Q. 5. Consider the following statements regarding Child Marriage in British India. 1. A journal called Mahapap Bal Vivah (Child marriage: The Cardinal Sin) was also launched with the efforts of Dadabhai Naoroji to fight against child marriage.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 6 2. In 1891, through the enactment of the Age of Consent Act, the minimum marriageable age was raised to 12 years. 3. In 1930, through the Sharda Act, the minimum age was raised to 14 years. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 2 and 3 The practice of child marriage was another social stigma for the women. In November 1870, the Indian Reforms Association was started with the efforts of Keshav Chandra Sen. A journal called Mahapap Bal Vivah (Child marriage: The Cardinal Sin) was also launched with the efforts of B.M. Malabari to fight against child marriage. In 1846, the minimum marriageable age for a girl was only 10 years. In 1891, through the enactment of the Age of Consent Act, this was raised to 12 years. In 1930, through the Sharda Act, the minimum age was raised to 14 years. After independence, the limit was raised to 18 years in 1978 Q. 6. Consider the following statements regarding Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. 1. In Bombay, he formed a Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha. 2. He did not organise the Akhil Bharatiya Dalit Varg Sabha to fight against caste oppression as it was started by Gandhiji. Which of the following statements are Correct?

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 7 a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2 ANS: 1 only Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar dedicated his entire life for the welfare of the downtrodden. In Bombay, he formed a Bahiskrit Hitkarini Sabha in July 1924 for this purpose. Later, he also organised the Akhil Bharatiya Dalit Varg Sabha to fight against caste oppression Q. 7. In 1791, during the period of British rule in India, Jonathan Duncan, the representative of the East India Company proposed the establishment of a Sanskrit college at which place? a. Benares b. Calcutta c. Bombay d. Madras ANS: Benares This was sanctioned by Governor General Lord Cornwallis. Kashi Naresh Mahip Narayan Singh donated a huge tract of land in the southern part of Benares for construction of the college. The first teacher of this Institution was Pandit Kashinath. Q. 8. Which of the following statements regarding the Governance of Lord Lytton are Correct? 1. Lord Lytton did not introduce uniform salt tax throughout British India. 2. He supported the Free Trade Policy.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 8 3. In 1878, the Statutory Civil Service was established exclusively for Indians. Select the answers from the Codes a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 2 ANS: 2 and 3 Lord Lytton introduced uniform salt tax throughout British India. He also abolished many import duties and supported the Free Trade Policy. This had seriously affected the Indian economic interest. The system of decentralisation of finance that had begun in the time of Lord Mayo was continued during the time of Lord Lytton Lytton wanted to encourage the provinces in collecting the revenue and thereby strengthen the financial power and position of the provinces. In 1878, the Statutory Civil Service was established exclusively for Indians but this was abolished later. he was responsible for the murder of the British officers including the Resident in Kabul. During his administration, millions died due to famine. Q. 9. Consider the following statements regarding Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1. He believed in the supremacy of the Brahmin priests. 2. He favoured inter-caste marriages. 3. In 1817, he founded the Hindu College (now Presidency College, Calcutta) along with David Hare, a missionary. Which of the following statements are Correct?

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 9 a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 2 ANS: 2 and 3 Raj Rammohan Roy is most remembered for helping Lord William Bentinck to declare the practice of Sati a punishable offence in 1829. He also protested against the child marriage and female infanticide. He favored the remarriage of widows, female education and women s right to property. He felt that the caste system was the greatest hurdle to Indian unity. He believed in the equality of mankind. He did not believe in the supremacy of the Brahmin priests. He favoured inter-caste marriages. He himself adopted a Muslim boy. In 1817, he founded the Hindu College (now Presidency College, Calcutta) along with David Hare, a missionary. He also set up schools for girls. Q. 10. Who published a monthly journal called Jagat Mithra a. Dadabhai Naoroji b. Furdunji Naoroji c. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan d. Raj Rammohan Roy ANS: Furdunji Naoroji The Parsi Religious Reform Association was founded at Bombay by Furdunji Naoroji and S.S. Bengalee in 1851.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 10 They advocated the spread of women s education. They also wanted to reform their marriage customs. Q. 11. Who wrote Manu Murai Kanda Vasagam and Jeeva Karunyam? He started constructing the Satya Gnana Sabai. a. Sri Vaikunda Swamigal b. Udumalai Narayana Kavi c. Saint Ramalinga d. Ramayya Pillai ANS: Saint Ramalinga Q. 12. Which of the following were the Main Demands of Moderates? 1. Reform of legislative councils 2. Reduction of land revenue 3. Abolition of Sugar duty 4. Dominion Status Select the answers from the Codes a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 2 only ANS: 1, 2 and 3 Main Demands of Moderates Expansion and reform of legislative councils.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 11 Greater opportunities for Indians in higher posts by holding the ICS examination simultaneously in England and in India. Separation of the judiciary from the executive More powers for the local bodies Reduction of land revenue and protection of peasants from unjust landlords. Abolition of salt tax and sugar duty. Reduction of spending on army. Freedom of speech and expression and freedom to form associations Q. 13. Consider the following statements regarding Muslim League. 1. Initially, they did not enjoy the support of the British. 2. Their first achievement was the separate electorates for the Muslims in the Minto- Morley reforms. Which of the following statements are Incorrect? a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2 ANS: 1 only In December 1906, Muslim delegates from all over India met at Dacca for the Muslim Educational Conference. Taking advantage of this occasion, Nawab Salimullah of Dacca proposed the setting up of an organisation to look after the Muslim interests. The proposal was accepted. The All-India Muslim League was finally set up on December 30, 1906. Like the Indian National Congress, they conducted annual sessions and put their demands to the British government.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 12 Initially, they enjoyed the support of the British. Their first achievement was the separate electorates for the Muslims in the Minto- Morley reforms. Q. 14. Consider the following statements regarding Hunter Education Commission. 1. Lord Curzon organized the Hunter Commission under William Wilson Hunter. 2. The commission recommended that the responsibility for the Primary Education must be given to the Local Boards and Municipal Boards. 3. The commission brought out inadequate facilities available for the female education in the country. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 2 only ANS: 2 and 3 In 1882, Lord Ripon organized the Hunter Commission under William Wilson Hunter. William Wilson Hunter was the statistician, a compiler and a member of the Indian Civil Service, who later also became Vice President of Royal Asiatic Society. The Hunter Commission brought out the neglect to the primary and secondary education in the country. The commission recommended that the responsibility for the Primary Education must be given to the Local Boards and Municipal Boards. The important recommendations were as follows: The government should take special care to extend the primary education.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 13 There should be literary and vocational training in secondary education. The commission brought out inadequate facilities available for the female education in the country. NB: The recommendations were partially implemented and there was a slow growth in the number of the secondary schools in the country. Q. 15. Consider the following statements regarding The Home Rule League Programme 1. It carried a much wider appeal than the earlier mobilisations did and also attracted the hitherto 'politically backward' regions of Gujarat and Sindh. 2. The Russian Revolution of 1917 proved to be an added advantage for the Home Rule campaign. 3. In a dramatic, gesture, Sir S. Subramaniya Aiyar renounced his knighthood while Tilak advocated a programme of passive resistance. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 ANS: All of the above The League campaign aimed to convey to the common man the message of Home Rule as self-government. It carried a much wider appeal than the earlier mobilisations did and also attracted the hitherto 'politically backward' regions of Gujarat and Sindh. The aim was to be achieved by promoting political education and discussion through public meetings, organising libraries and reading rooms containing books on national politics, holding conferences, organising classes for students on politics, propaganda through newspapers, pamphlets, posters, illustrated postcards, plays, religious songs,

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 14 etc., collecting funds, organising social work, and participating in local government activities. The Russian Revolution of 1917 proved to be an added advantage for the Home Rule campaign. In a dramatic, gesture, Sir S. Subramaniya Aiyar renounced his knighthood while Tilak advocated a programme of passive resistance. Q. 16. Consider the following statements regarding the Revolutionaries of India. 1. In Bengal Anusilan Samiti and Jugantar were established. 2. In the Madras Presidency, Bharathmatha Association was started by Vanchinathan. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2 ANS: 1 only In the first half of the 20th century, revolutionary groups sprang up mainly in Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madras. The revolutionaries were not satisfied with the methods of both the moderates and extremists. Hence, they started many revolutionary secret organizations. In Bengal Anusilan Samiti and Jugantar were established. In Maharashtra Savarkar brothers had set up Abhinava Bharat. In the Madras Presidency, Bharathmatha Association was started by Nilakanta Bramachari.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 15 In Punjab Ajit Singh set up a secret society to spread revolutionary ideas among the youth. In London, at India House, Shyamji Krishna Verma gathered young Indian nationalists like Madan Lal Dhingra, Savarkar, V.V.S. Iyer and T.S.S.Rajan. Lala Hardyal set up the Ghadar Party in USA to organise revolutionary activities from outside India. Q. 17. Which of the following statements regarding Tana Bhagat Movement are Correct? 1. This movement was centred on the Oran tribes of North East India. 2. These movements were local in character inside and national outside. 3. Externally, it was under the impact of the Congress, holding demonstration, Satyagrahas, Dharanas etc. Select the answers from the Codes a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 2 and 3 In the second decade of the 20th century, Tana Bhagat movement started initially in a religious form but later transformed into a political one under the impact of the Indian National Congress. This movement was centred on the Oran tribes of Chhotangapur in Jharkhand. The Tana Bhagats opposed the taxes imposed on them by the British and they staged a Satyagraha (civil disobedience movement) even before Gandhi's satyagraha movement. They opposed the zamindars, the banias (moneylenders), the missionaries, the Muslims and the British state. Tana Bhagats are followers of Mahatma Gandhi, and believes in Ahimsa (Non-violence).

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 16 The resistance of the local grievances and problems was amalgamated with the National movement. There were a number of these Bhagat movements like that of Jatra Bhagat, Balram Bhagat, Gau Rakshini Bhagats, and even woman Bhagat named Devamenia. These movements were local in character inside and national outside. Internally it was called as movements for Kurukh dharma or the real religion which emphasized on celibacy and pure living, devoid of meat, liquor etc. Externally, it was under the impact of the Congress, holding demonstration, Satyagrahas, Dharanas etc. Like other tribal movements, the British government acted harshly on these rebels. They were imprisoned and their properties were seized. Q. 18. Which among the following was the most significant outcome of the Punjab Land Alienation Act in 1900? a. Condition of the peasants improved significantly b. The land revenue from peasants improved significantly c. Various cooperative societies of peasants came up d. The large land holdings got split into small land holdings ANS: Various cooperative societies of peasants came up Various cooperative societies of peasants came up Lord Curzon had introduced the Punjab Land Alienation Act in 1900. In this act, it was laid down that non-peasant could buy lands from the peasants and neither could be attached their lands in case of non-payment of debts and nor keep the land in mortgage for more than 20 years. The result was the moneylenders stopped lending money and Lord Curzon had to open banks and these societies. Thus, various Cooperative societies of the agriculturists and Agricultural Banks were established during the time of Lord Curzon

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 17 Q. 19. Consider the following statements regarding Poona Pact 1. The British Government did not approved it. 2. 148 seats in different Provincial Legislatures were reserved for the Depressed Classes in place of 71 as provided in the Communal Award. 3. The franchise for the Central and Provincial Legislatures of these classes should be indicated in the Lothian Committee report Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 2 and 3 By 1930, Dr Ambedkar had become a leader of national stature championing the cause of the depressed people of the country. While presenting a real picture of the condition of these people in the First Round Table Conference, he had demanded separate electorates for them. On 16 August 1932 the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald made an announcement, which came to be as the Communal Award. According to this award, the depressed classes were considered as a separate community and as such provisions were made for separate electorates for them. Mahatma Gandhi protested against the Communal Award and went on a fast unto death in the Yeravada jail on 20 September 1932. Finally, an agreement was reached between Dr Ambedkar and Gandhi. This agreement came to be called as the Poona Pact. The British Government also approved of it.

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 18 Accordingly, 148 seats in different Provincial Legislatures were reserved for the Depressed Classes in place of 71 as provided in the Communal Award. What were the terms of the Poona Pact? Seat reservation for the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in provincial legislature The STs and SCs would form an electoral college which would elect four candidates for the general electorate The representation of these classes was based on the standards of joint electorates and reserved seats About 19 percent of seats were to be reserved for these classes in legislature The system of election to the panel of candidates in both, Central and Provincial Legislature should come to end in 10 years, unless it ends on mutual terms The representation of the classes through reservation should continue as per clauses 1 and 4 until determined, else by mutual agreement between the communities The franchise for the Central and Provincial Legislatures of these classes should be indicated in the Lothian Committee report There should be a fair representation of these classes In every province, The SCs and STs should be provided with sufficient educational facilities. Q. 20. Consider the following statements regarding Jinnah s Direct action resolution 1. Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission Plan on Jul 29, 1946. 2. It passed a Direct action resolution, which condemned both the British Government and the Congress (Aug 16, 1946) which resulted in heavy communal riots. 3. Jinnah celebrated Pakistan Day on Mar 27, 1947. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 3

FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS 2018- SET 26- MODERN INDIA 19 b. 1 and 2 c. All of the above d. None of the above ANS: All of the above Muslim League withdrew its acceptance of the Cabinet Mission Plan on Jul 29, 1946. It passed a Direct action resolution, which condemned both the British Government and the Congress (Aug 16, 1946) which resulted in heavy communal riots. Jinnah celebrated Pakistan Day on Mar 27, 1947. The 'Direct Action' was announced by the Muslim League Council to show the strength of Muslim feelings both to British and Congress. Muslims feared that if the British just pulled out, Muslims would surely suffer at the hands of overwhelming Hindu majority. The Action resulted in the worst communal riots that British India had seen.